Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 15 de 15
Filter
1.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 35: 21, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1406427

ABSTRACT

Terapia Analítico-Comportamental (TAC) (in English, behavioral-analytic therapy, behavior therapy, or clinical behavior analysis) is a possible intervention for cases of anxiety and depression, but it still has much to advance in terms of efficacy and clinical utility evidence. This article aims to describe the effects of a semi-structured intervention in the model of TAC regarding anxiety and depression, behavior, complaints, and satisfaction indicators. Participants included three women with children, marital relationships, and work, aged between 34 and 41 with complaints compatible with anxiety and depression disorders. The intervention used Promove - Saúde da Mulher (PSM) (in English, Promote Women's Health), which included 17 topics, most of them related to social skills. Instruments included the GAD-7 for anxiety, PHQ-9 for depression, IHS-2 Del Prette for social skills, a Complaints Checklist for monitoring clinical demands, and an Evaluation of the Therapeutic Process to describe clients' satisfaction rates. The results from the standardized instruments were statistically analyzed via the JT method. All three participants showed reliable improvements in anxiety and/or depression, improvement in most complaints, and satisfaction with the intervention and its outcomes. Acquisition of social skills occurred in two cases. One participant dropped out and another one relapsed at follow-up. The efficacy criteria were used to evaluate the internal validity of the present study. The study collected the first evidences of outcome and satisfaction for PSM, thus enabling future investigations on the efficacy and clinical utility of this intervention program. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Anxiety/therapy , Personal Satisfaction , Behavior Therapy/methods , Depression/therapy , Social Skills
2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(3): 145-152, May.-Jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974038

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es una vasculitis sistémica aguda de pequeños y medianos vasos, que se presenta principalmente en niños. Se manifiesta como síndrome febril aunado a datos de vasculitis, y puede causar anormalidades en las arterias coronarias en el 25% de los pacientes no tratados. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el comportamiento clínico y la identificación de factores de riesgo para complicaciones cardiovasculares en pacientes pediátricos con EK atendidos en un hospital de segundo nivel del noroeste de México. Métodos: Bajo un diseño de serie de casos, se estudiaron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de EK. Se midieron variables clínicas, de laboratorio y presencia de complicaciones cardiacas, y se estimó la probabilidad de riesgo con razón de momios (RM) y asociación con prueba de ji al cuadrado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 pacientes y predominó el sexo femenino; la edad media de presentación de la EK fue de 2 años. La presentación clínica fue completa en el 100% de los casos y hubo además manifestaciones atípicas. El 50% de los pacientes estudiados presentaron complicaciones cardiovasculares; la más común fue afección coronaria (33%). Las variables sexo masculino, edad menor de 2 años y anemia tuvieron RM de 5.5 y 10 de presentar complicaciones cardiovasculares. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones cardiovasculares de la EK son frecuentes (más del 30% de los pacientes). Las variables sexo masculino, edad menor de 2 años y anemia incrementaron la probabilidad de riesgo para la presencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares.


Abstract: Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of small and medium vessels, which occurs primarily in children; it manifests itself as a febrile syndrome coupled with vasculitis data and can cause coronary artery abnormalities in 25% of untreated patients. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical behavior and to identify risk factors for cardiovascular complications in pediatric patients with KD, in a second level hospital in Northwestern Mexico. Methods: Under a case series design, we studied pediatric patients with diagnosis of KD. We measured clinical variables, laboratory values and the presence of cardiac complications; the probability of risk was determined with odds ratio (OR) and the association with chi squared test. Results: 12 patients were included, and the female gender predominated; the mean age of presentation of KD was 2 years. The clinical presentation was complete in 100 % of the cases and patients also presented atypical manifestations. 50% of the patients studied had cardiovascular complications, the most common of which was coronary disease (33%). The variables male gender, age under 2 years and anemia reported OR of 5.5 and 10 to present cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: Cardiovascular complications of KD are frequent (more than 30%). Male gender, age under 2 years and anemia increase the probability of risk for the presence of cardiovascular complications.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Coronary Disease/etiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/etiology , Anemia/complications , Mexico
3.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 20(2): 128-134, abr.-jun. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961561

ABSTRACT

Los tumores de la región facial en niños son poco frecuentes pero el daño que ocasionan en los tejidos modifica el desarrollo y crecimiento de la cara, ocasionando alteraciones físicas, estéticas y psicológicas. El origen histopatológico de las lesiones es variable, pero la conducta local de las mismas suele ser agresiva, no correspondiendo en muchas ocasiones a su «benigna¼ apariencia histológica. Para llegar a un diagnóstico correcto es importante conocer características clínicas y de imagen que presenta cada lesión, realizar una adecuada toma de biopsia, además de contar con histopatólogos de experiencia en el reconocimiento de estos tumores, ya que de ello depende el correcto tratamiento a realizar. El objetivo del tratamiento es la resección de la lesión, restaurando función y estética facial y, de ser posible, favorecer el crecimiento de las estructuras anatómicas afectadas, siendo esto último difícil de llevar a cabo en hospitales del sector salud de presupuesto limitado, habiendo mucho por hacer en lo que se refiere a los tratamientos encaminados a favorecer el crecimiento óseo y posterior rehabilitación de las condiciones oclusales de los pacientes. En este artículo reportamos cuatro casos de tumores en pacientes pediátricos, de diferente estirpe histopatológica y de poca frecuencia, pero con la misma agresividad local, tratados en el Hospital de Alta Especialidad 134, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Torreón, Coahuila, México.


Children rarely experience tumors in the face. Nevertheless, tissue damage caused by these tumors can modify facial growth and development causing physical, esthetic and psychological alterations. The histopathologiical origin of these lesions is variable, but their local behavior is frequently aggressive, oftentimes not matching their "benign" histological appearance. In order to reach accurate diagnosis it is important to be familiar with radiographic and clinical characteristics exhibited by all lesions, adequately take a biopsy, as well as count with histopathological operators with experience in the recognition of these tumors, since they ultimately are responsible for the treatment to be prescribed. Lesion resection is the treatment's objective, to restore facial esthetics and function, and, whenever possible, favor growth of any affected anatomical structures. This is not easy to achieve in government hospitals with limited resources. There is yet a lot to be achieved in the field of favoring bone growth and later rehabilitate patient's occlusal conditions. In the present article we present four cases of tumors in pediatric patients. Tumors were of different histopathological lineage and low frequency, but all were locally aggressive. These tumors were treated at the Hospital de Alta Especialidad 134, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico.

4.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 16(1): 5-20, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717700

ABSTRACT

O responder contingente do terapeuta aos comportamentos clinicamente relevantes (CRB) do cliente consiste no mecanismo de mudança clínica na Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP). Os procedimentos clínicos são resumidos em cinco regras para o terapeuta, que têm o objetivo de maximizar a frequência de ocorrência de CRBs. A interação lógica da FAP apresenta as cinco regras desdobradas em 12 passos, os quais descrevem as respostas do terapeuta e seus efeitos no comportamento do cliente. Apesar dos avanços no refinamento da descrição da FAP e da validação empírica de seu mecanismo de mudança clínica, a tarefa de especificar o responder contingente do terapeuta permanece inacabada. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a interação lógica e discuti-la propondo alternativas de operacionalização do responder contingente do terapeuta aos comportamentos clinicamente relevantes relacionados ao problema clínico. O método consistiu em examinar os passos da interação lógica da FAP para hipotetizar alternativas de ação para o terapeuta em resposta ao comportamento problema que ocorre na sessão. Quatro alternativas de resposta do terapeuta são listadas e exemplificadas com verbalizações extraídas de registros de interações terapeuta/cliente. Discutem-se os possíveis efeitos indesejáveis provocados pela descontinuidade do reforço ao comportamento problema e sugerem-se questões para estudos futuros...


The therapist contingent responding to clinically relevant behaviors (CRB) corresponds to Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) mechanism of change. The clinical procedures are summarized in five rules to therapists, which aim to maximize the frequency of CRBs. FAP logical interaction presents the five rules deployed in 12 steps, which describe therapist's behaviors and their effects on client's behaviors. Despite of the advances reached through refinement in FAP description and the empirical validation of FAP' mechanism of change, the task of specifying therapist contingent responding is still unfinished. The purpose of this paper is to present FAP logical framework and discuss proposing an operationalization alternative to the therapist contingent responding to clinically relevant behaviors related to the clinical problem. The methods consisted in examining FAP logical framework steps to elucidate courses of actions for the therapist in response to the clinical problem. Four courses of action for the therapist are listed and illustrated with verbalizations extracted from recordings of client-therapist interactions. Possible undesirable effects caused by the discontinuing of reinforcement are discussed and questions for future studies are suggested...


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior , Psychotherapy/methods
5.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 16(2): 125-147, 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-869599

ABSTRACT

A dor crônica é um fenômeno complexo que envolve múltiplos elementos biológicos, neuroquímicos, emocionais, psicossociais e socioculturais. Tal patologia traz para a pessoa que a sente perdas sociais, familiares e profissionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a importância das estratégias de intervenção utilizadas pela Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT) no bom desenvolvimento do processo terapêutico, utilizando-se de um estudo de caso de dor crônica. Para isso, fez-se um apanhado histórico da evolução da doença em nossa civilização, conceituou-se e classificou-se o termo dor crônica, explicando-o de acordo com a Análise Comportamental Clínica. Foram realizadas 43 sessões de psicoterapia, ao longo de 1 ano e 10 meses. As análises funcionais moleculares e molares, a compreensão das contingências atuais e históricas, proporcionaram o acesso às condições estabelecedoras e mantenedoras dos padrões comportamentais da cliente que favoreciam a permanência do quadro de dor crônica. A partir dessa compreensão, intervenções terapêuticas utilizadas pela ACT foram de fundamental importância para a melhoria de qualidade de vida da cliente: promoveram a tolerância emocional e a aceitação em relação aos estados emocional e físico vivenciados por ela, assim como possibilitaram mudanças comportamentais relevantes.


Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple biological, neurochemical, emotional, psychosocial and sociocultural elements. This pathology causes social, family and professional losses in the life of those who suffer it. The present study aimed to highlight the importance of intervention strategies used by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in order to develop the therapeutic process, using a chronic pain case study. Therefore, a historical overview about this disease evolution in our civilization was conducted and chronic pain was conceptualized, classified and explained according to the Clinical Behavior Analysis perspective. Forty-three psychotherapy sessions were carried out in a period of 1 year and 10 months. The molecular and molar functional analysis, the understanding of historical and actual contingencies, provided access to the establishing and maintaining conditions of the patient´s behavioral patterns which enable the permanence of the chronic pain. Based on this, therapeutic interventions used by ACT were of fundamental importance to the patient quality of life improvement: they promoted emotional tolerance and acceptance in relation to the physical and emotional states experienced by the patient as well as enabled relevant behavioral changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Behavior Therapy , Chronic Pain
6.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 15(3): 37-56, dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-717696

ABSTRACT

O Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC) é um quadro caracterizado por obsessões e compulsões, provocando prejuízos em contextos sociais, familiares e de trabalho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a relevância de análises funcionais molares associadas ao instrumental da ACT, ilustrando com um caso clínico de TOC. Ao longo de 68 sessões, foi possível identificar padrões comportamentais amplos de comunicação agressiva, busca de controle e habilidade de argumentação verbal, funcionalmente relacionados ao TOC, bem como ampla sensibilidade a contextos sócio-verbais de literalidade e de dar razões, relacionados a forte padrão de esquiva experiencial. A compreensão das contingências atuais e históricas propiciaram a aceitação dos estados privados aversivos e o comprometimento com a exposição a contextos terapêuticos, no sentido de enfraquecer comportamentos funcionalmente semelhantes aos obsessivo-compulsivos, porém com menor relevância emocional, o que levou ao enfraquecimento dos sintomas de TOC e a melhorias nas relações com familiares e colegas de trabalho...


Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions, with losses in social, family and labor contexts. This study aimed to show the relevance of molar functional analyses associated to ACT interventions, illustrating it with a case of OCD. Along 68 sessions, it has been possible to identify ample behavior patterns of aggressive communication, search for control and verbal argumentation skills, functionally related to OCD symptoms, as well as ample sensitivity to social/verbal contexts of literality and reason giving, leading to a strong pattern of experiential avoidance. Understanding of current and historical contingencies led to the acceptance of aversive private states and commitment to the exposure to therapeutic contexts, in order to weaken behaviors that were functionally related to the obsessive-compulsive ones, but less emotionally relevant, which led to weakening of OCD symptoms and improvements in relationships with relatives and coworkers...


Subject(s)
Humans , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy
7.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 15(1): 20-35, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-693210

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito de uma atividade de fantasia em medidas da interação terapeuta/cliente. Dez sessões psicoterápicas de uma díade terapeuta/cliente foram registradas em vídeo, transcritas e categorizadas por observadores que atingiram os critérios de concordância estipulados. Estas sessões foram divididas em cinco condições - ABABA. Nas condições B, introduziu-se uma atividade de fantasia. Houve diminuição nas categorias da terapeuta de Solicitação de relato e Solicitação de reflexão e aumento das categorias Fornecimento de interpretações, Informações e Recomendações, durante as condições B. Para a cliente, nas condições B, houve aumento da categoria Estabelecer relações entre eventos e diminuição da categoria Relato de eventos. Discutiu-se o aumento do relato de metas e melhoras por parte da cliente nas sessões subsequentes às duas condições B. Estudos foram sugeridos para esclarecer o efeito de intervenções do terapeuta e o efeito de descrições acuradas de contingência nos relatos de melhora e de engajamento na mudança.


The aim of this article is to report a study that has evaluated the effects of a fantasy activity on client-therapist interaction. Ten sessions of a behavioral analysis therapy process were recorded on video, transcripted and coded. Independent coders were trained until reached the agreement criterion. The fantasy activity was introduced on the condition B in a ABABA design. There was decrease on the categories titled Report Request and Reflection Request, and increase on the Interpretation, Information and Recommendation. There were increase in Establishing Relationship Between Events and decrease of Events Reporting. The expressive increase in the reporting of goals and improvements by the client at the sessions following the condition B were discussed. Studies were suggested to clarify the effect of the therapist interventions. Additionally, it was suggested the investigation of the accurate contingent descriptions and the reports about improvement and clinical changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fantasy , Behavior Therapy/methods
8.
Psicol. argum ; 30(70): 491-502, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667696

ABSTRACT

Supondo que a mudança clínica está estreitamente relacionada ao tipo de classe que é enfraquecida ou fortalecida, conforme a sistematização feita pela Psicoterapia AnalíticaFuncional (FAP), recorreram-se aos conceitos de Modelagem, Diferenciação e Indução para analisar e discutir um processo de mudança comportamental na clínica. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever um processo de mudança clínica em que a classe de resposta considerada problema transforma-se em uma classe de resposta relacionada à melhora. O método consistiu em analisar 15 sessões iniciais realizadas com uma cliente atendida em uma clínica-escola pública. Os resultados expõem quatro dimensões identificadas, as quais foram sendo diferenciadas ao longo do processo terapêutico. Discutiu-se o processo de mudança clínica, considerando dimensões do responder que sofreram diferenciaçãodo longo da terapia.


The main assumption of this study was that clinical change is related to a response class that lacks strength while another gains it, according to the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). The concepts of Modeling, Differentiation and Induction were used to analyse and to discuss a clinical change process. The aim of this study was to describe a clinical change process in which theso-called problematic response turns into a type of response related to improvement. Clinical relevant behaviors (CRB) were registered in protocols, filed in during each session by the therapist and by a trained observer. Then, CRB was examined in order to identify the dimensions that were being selected within sessions until a new operant class had been installed. The results show four dimensions that were being differentiated during the therapy. The clinical change processwas discussed, considering the dimensions of response that suffered differentiation and the relevance of the client/therapist relationship in such change.


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior , Behavior Therapy , Psychotherapy
9.
Rev. abordagem gestál. (Impr.) ; 16(1): 64-72, jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-642873

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de descrever as bases da interpretação clínica analítico-comportamental do inconsciente. Textos de B. F. Skinner que abordaram o tema do inconsciente foram consultados e examinados, assim como de clínicos em Análise do Comportamento. O exame da literatura indicou que, de acordo com a Análise Comportamental, há duas principais condições nas quais o termo inconsciente é empregado por certas tradições teóricas em Psicologia. Ambas as condições dependem de um ambiente social e verbal que promove a aprendizagem de comportamentos autodescritivos e que ensina também uma classe de fuga/esquiva de tais descrições. A primeira condição refere-se à inconsciência devida à falta de exposição a um ambiente verbal gerador de conhecimento sobre o que se fez, o que se está fazendo, o que se tende a fazer ou sobre as variáveis controladoras de um dado comportamento. Uma segunda condição em que o termo inconsciente é usado está mais estreitamente ligada ao que certas teorias psicológicas chamariam de inconsciente reprimido e diz respeito à exposição à contingências punitivas. Na clínica analítico-comportamental, as duas condições são analisadas, mas grande ênfase é dada à segunda, ou seja, àquela que produz uma classe de fuga/esquiva de tatear comportamentos puníveis.


The aim of this article was to describe the clinical behavior analysis background related to the topic unconsciousness. In order to understantd the topic, some B. F. Skinner’s publicatons about unconscious were examined, as well as some publications in the clinical behavior analysis field. Results indicated that, according to Behavior Analysis, there are two main conditions on which the term unconscious is applied in certain theoretic traditions in Psychology. Both conditions depend on a social-verbal environment that teaches self-descriptive behaviors and also teachs the response class of avoiding such descriptions. The first condition relies on the unconsciousness caused by the lack ou poor exposure of a verbal environment which would promote the knowlege about what one has done, what one is doing, what one tends to do or about the controling variables of a given behavior. The second condition in which the term unconscious is used is closely related to what certain theories would call repressed unconscious and it is produced by punishing contingencies. In the clinical behavior analysis, these both conditions are analysed, but the sencond type is specially focused, that is, those conditions that produce the response class of escaping/avoiding the de tacts of punishable behaviors.


El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir las bases de la interpretación clínica conductual del inconsciente. Textos de B. F. Skinner que abordaron el tema del inconsciente fueron consultados y examinados, así como de clínicos conductistas. La revisión de la literatura indicó que, de acuerdo con los conductistas hay dos condiciones principales en las cuales el término inconsciente es empleado por ciertas tradiciones teóricas en Psicología. Ambas condiciones dependen de un ambiente social y verbal que promuevan el aprendizaje de comportamientos auto descriptivos y que también enseñen una clase de escape/ evitación de esas descripciones. La primera condición se refiere a la inconsciencia debido a la falta de exposición a un ambiente verbal generador de conocimiento sobre el que se hizo o se está haciendo, o que se tiende a hacer o sobre las variables controladoras de un determinado comportamiento. Una segunda condición en el cual el término inconsciente es usado está más estrechamente ligado a ciertas teorías psicológicas que lo llamarían de inconsciente reprimido y se refiere a la exposición de contingencias de castigo. En el análisis conductual, las dos condiciones son analizadas, dando mayor importancia a la segunda, o sea, aquella que produce una clase de escape/evitación de tantear el comportamiento de castigo.


Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy , Behaviorism
10.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 11(2): 346-365, dez. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574332

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo relata um estudo que investigou o efeito de um treino, com supervisões de acordo com a Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) sobre a identificação feita pelo terapeuta de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes de seu cliente. O método consistiu de um delineamento A/B aplicado a 15 sessões de psicoterapia. As sessões foram conduzidas por um terapeuta iniciante e um cliente cujo problema clínico estava centrado em dificuldades interpessoais. Nas cinco sessões iniciais o terapeuta em treino recebeu uma supervisão convencional e leu literatura sobre assertividade. A partir da quinta sessão o terapeuta recebeu a supervisão conforme a FAP. Os principais componentes da supervisão foram o preenchimento de um questionário (FIAT), que investiga padrões de comportamento interpessoal, a modelagem direta pelo supervisor no aqui/agora da supervisão de comportamento interpessoais relevantes para a terapia, a indicação de bibliografia sobre a FAP e discussão das leituras, além de esclarecimentos acerca dos comportamentos clinicamente relevantes do cliente. Os resultados indicaram que após a introdução da FAP, o participante tendeu a indicar mais comportamentos do cliente relacionados à melhora e mais verbalizações de autoconhecimento, enquanto que as indicações dos comportamentos relacionados ao problema tenderam a decrescer ao longo das sessões. Os resultados sugerem que o terapeuta passou a indicar dimensões do comportamento de seu cliente que iam além do problema clínico. Tais resultados foram discutidos em termos das contribuições da FAP para a promoção da mudança clínica que se torna mais viável quando as dimensões comportamentais que possibilitam a modelagem direta na sessão são percebidas pelo terapeuta.


This article reports a study that investigated the effect of supervision of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) on the therapist’s identification of client’s clinically relevant behaviors (CRB). The method consisted of an A/B design applied to 15 psychotherapy sessions. The sessions were conducted by a trainee therapist and his client whose clinical problems centered on interpersonal difficulties. During the five sessions, the therapist received traditional supervision and read additional material relevant to assertive behaviors. Since the 5th session the therapist received supervision in conducting FAP. The main supervision components were: 1) complete an idiographic questionnaire (FIAT) comprising five interpersonal behavior patterns; 2) the direct shaping of therapist behaviors, conducted by supervisor during the supervision session, focusing the relevant interpersonal behaviors for the therapy; 3) directing readings about FAP and a discussion of those readings; 4) and clarifications about the client’s CRB. The results indicated that after the FAP introduction, the therapist tended to recognize and report more client behaviors related to clinical change and also made more verbalizations related to self-knowledge; while the indications of behaviors related to the clinical problem tended to decrease through sessions. The results indicated that the therapist tended to perceive new dimensions of the client’s behavior. Such data were discussed in terms of the FAP contribution for promoting clinical change; that is, clinical change is more likely if those dimensions can be noticed and used by the therapist in directly shaping in-session client behaviors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis , Psychology , Psychology, Clinical/methods , Psychotherapy/methods , Mentoring
11.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 9(2): 241-259, dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-693193

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a discussão sobre aspectos metodológicos envolvidos na pesquisa em psicoterapia, especialmente aquela denominada pesquisa de processo, que tem como meta identificar os processos de mudança que ocorrem ao longo da interação entre cliente e terapeuta. O referencial usado é o da análise do comportamento, e estudos brasileiros analítico-comportamentais envolvendo análise de sessões são usados para ilustrar os pontos discutidos. Questões relativas à categorização de comportamentos na interação clínica, tais como a natureza dos eventos que devem compor um conjunto de categorias, critérios para fidedignidade e validade, delimitação da unidade de ocorrência e de registro em interações sociais e o tipo de medida apropriado são discutidos. Por último, são apresentadas diferentes estratégias para a sistematização dos dados categorizados, bem como algumas das limitações e vantagens que cada uma delas proporciona.


This article discusses methodological aspects involved in psychotherapy research, especially the so called process research, that identifies the change processes occurring in the client-therapist’s interaction from a behavior analytic point of view. Brazilian behavior-analytic studies of session analysis illustrate the discussed matters. Issues concerning the categorization of behaviors in clinical interaction, such as the nature of events that compose a group of categories, criteria for reliability and validity of a categorization system, delimitation of the occurrence and registration unit in social interactions and the appropriated measures are discussed. Lastly, different strategies are presented for categorized data systematization, as well as some of the limitations and advantages of each.

12.
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society ; : 430-436, 2006.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-43561

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and account for 1% of all GI malignancies. GISTs have a highly variable clinical course, and recurrent disease sometimes develops despite curative treatment. Although there are several known risk factors for recurrence, there are few adequate treatment strategies. This study evaluated the clinical behavior and clinicopathological characteristics, and examined correlation between recurrence and the prognostic factors. METHODS: From March 1999 to December 2005, 41 patients, with GISTs confirmed by a pathologic examination after a surgical resection, were enrolled. The patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for CD117, CD34 and smooth muscle actin, and were classified according to the NIH criteria. RESULTS: The mean age was 58.9 years and the GISTs were mainly located in the stomach (56%) and small bowel (32%). With a median follow-up of 17.4 months, recurrence of the disease occurred in nine (22%) patients, with the liver being the main organ involved. According to the NIH criteria, there were 2 very low risk tumors, 11 low risk, 16 intermediate, and 12 high risk diagnosed. Gender was found to have predictive value for a recurrence (P=0.05). CONCLUSION: The primary site and gender have predictive value for a recurrence. Identifying the risk factors for recurrent disease may be useful for planning follow-up schedules. Further study involving more cases and a long-term follow-up will be needed. In addition, pathologic and immunohistoche-mical studies will be required to reduce the recurrence rate after a resection and to improve the patients' outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Actins , Appointments and Schedules , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors , Liver , Muscle, Smooth , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Stomach
13.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 7(1): 127-136, jun. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-692954

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho, baseando-se na Análise Clínica do Comportamento, reflete sobre como o estabelecimento de uma audiência não-punitiva, por parte do terapeuta, pode promover a ocorrência de episódios íntimos na relação terapêutica. Episódios íntimos envolvem vulnerabilidade interpessoal, o que significa que a pessoa abre-se à possibilidade de crítica ou rejeição. Argumentamos que o ambiente terapêutico facilita episódios íntimos que podem culminar numa relação potencialmente curativa, que pode promover transformações importantes no repertório do cliente. A partir de exemplos de vinhetas, propomos entender a intimidade como um processo de interação dinâmica, cujo estudo, de um ponto de vista behaviorista radical, contribui para a compreensão de mudanças terapêuticas que podem ocorrer num tratamento psicológico estritamente verbal.


The present article, based on Clinical Behavior Analysis, reflects on how the establishment of a non-punitive audience by the therapist can promote the occurrence of intimate episodes in the therapeutic relationship. Intimate episodes involve interpersonal vulnerability, which means that a person opens her or himself up to possible criticism or rejection. We argue that the therapeutic environment facilitates intimate episodes that can culminate in a curative relation that can promote important transformations in the clients’ repertoires. With the help of examples from vignettes, the article proposes an understanding of intimacy as a process of dynamic interaction, the study of which, from a radical behaviorist point of view, contributes to the comprehension of therapeutic changes that can occur through psychological talk-therapy.

14.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 7(1): 137-151, jun. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-692955

ABSTRACT

As implicações da dor crônica na vida de pacientes são complexas e profundas, e atingem a maneira de se ver e de ver os outros, sua sensação de dignidade e sua capacidade de enfrentar a existência. Este artigo descreve uma terapia comportamental de grupo diferente das tradicionais, no sentido que o foco não está em primeiro lugar no ensino de estratégias de coping, mas simultaneamente (1) em aspectos da vivência privada da dor: a experiência de si mesmo com as suas limitações, suas perspectivas e seu projeto de vida; (2) na dimensão interpessoal: a função e o significado da dor nas interações face-a-face, como afeta relações íntimas, a convivência na família e outros ambientes; e (3) na dimensão social mais ampla onde entram o estigma e o status especial conferidos em função da dor crônica, suas conseqüências empregatícias e seu papel como membro da sociedade. A abordagem da Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional para dor crônica pretende ir além de treinar habilidades, e ser um contexto para aprender com a experiência em si mesma: ampliar a interpretação das queixas e explorar o contexto subjetivo e interpessoal para possibilidades inesperadas de melhora.


Chronic pain affects the life of patients in complex and profound ways. It changes the way in which patients see themselves and others, their feeling of dignity and their capacity to confront existence. The present article describes a behavioral group therapy that differs from the traditional ones, in that its focus is not in the first place on learning coping strategies, but simultaneously (1) on aspects of the private experience of pain: the experience of oneself with one’s limitations, one’s perspectives and one’s project of life; (2) on the interpersonal dimension: the function and the meaning of pain in face-to-face interactions, how it affects intimate relations, living together in the family and in other environments; and (3) on the broader social dimension where we deal with the stigma and the special status conferred in function of chronic pain, its consequences for employment and one’s role as a member of society. In adopting Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, this approach pretends to go beyond the training of abilities, and be a context for learning through experience itself. It seeks to help clients to broaden the interpretation of their complaints and to explore the subjective and interpersonal context in search of unexpected possibilities for improvement.

15.
Korean Journal of Pathology ; : 313-315, 1994.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-123990

ABSTRACT

Fibrosarcoma in newborns and infants, designated as congenital, infantile, or juvenile fibrosarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm occurring most frequently during the first year of life. Infantile fibrosarcoma is associated with favorable clinical behavior that is markedly different from that of adult fibrosarcoma., We report a case of infantile fibrosarcoma occured in a 3-year-old boy presenting as a palpable mass in the left lower extremity since 3 months of life. Histologic findings of the tumor are similar to those of f ibrosarcomas in adult.


Subject(s)
Infant , Adult , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL