ABSTRACT
The FDA approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, including 22 new molecular entities and 15 new biological products. This is the year with the lowest number of new drugs approved by the FDA since 2017. Among these approved drugs, 21 new drugs belong to the "first-in-class" category, accounting for 56% of the total approved drugs, which is the highest ratio in the past 10 years. Among the drugs approved in 2022, there are 5 small molecule kinase modulators, including the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) allosteric inhibitor deucravacitinib, the first oral pyruvate kinase (PK) activator mitapivat, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor abcrocitinib, the JAK2 selective inhibitor pacritinib and the broad-spectrum fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib. This review briefly describes the discovery background, research and development process, synthesis routes and clinical efficacy and safety of small molecule kinase modulators approved by the FDA in 2022, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further research on kinase modulators.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin (Az) versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (A-Cva) in the treatment of some acute respiratory infections in children. Methods Pubmed, EMBase, Medline, Cochrane Library and CJFD were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of their clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. The RevMan5.2 software was chosen for data analysis. Results Twenty RCTs involving 4980 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis showed that Az had more significant effect on the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children (OR=0.78, 95%CI (0.65,0.93), P=0.007) than A-Cva. In the treatment of upper respiratory infections, acute otitis media and so on, Az had more significant effect (OR=0.75, 95%CI (0.62,0.91), P=0.003); in the treatment of lower respiratory infections, such as community acquired pneumonia and so on, Az and A-Cva acid had the similar effect (OR=1.20, 95%CI(0.62, 2.33), P=0.58). Thirteen RCT involving 3474 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical safety. Meta-analysis shows that the difference between Az and A-Cva is statistic significant in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children (OR=0.49, 95%CI (0.40, 0.60), P<0.000 01). Conclusion Overall, Meta-analysis shows that Az is more effective and safer in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children than A-Cva.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin(Az)versus amoxicillin-cla?vulanic acid(A-Cva)in the treatment of some acute respiratory infections in children. Methods Pubmed,EMBase,Medline,Co?chrane Library and CJFD were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of their clinical efficacy and safety in the treat?ment of acute respiratory infections in children. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated.The RevMan 5.2 software was chosen for data analysis. Results Twenty RCTs involving 4980 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical effi?cacy. Meta-analysis showed that Az had more significant effect on the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children〔OR=0.78,95%CI(0.65,0.93),P=0.007〕than A-Cva. In the treatment of upper respiratory infections,acute otitis media and so on,Az had more significant effect〔OR=0.75,95%CI(0.62,0.91),P=0.003〕;in the treatment of lower respiratory infections,such as community acquired pneumonia and so on,Az and A-Cva acid had the similar effect〔OR=1.20,95%CI(0.62,2.33),P=0.58〕. Thirteen RCT in?volving 3474 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical safety. Meta-analysis shows that the difference between Az and A-Cva is statistic significant in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children〔OR=0.49,95%CI(0.40,0.60),P<0.000 01〕. Conclusion Overall,Meta-analysis shows that Az is more effective and safer in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children than A-Cva.