ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, premalignant condition of the oral mucosa and one of the commonest potentially malignant disorders amongst the Asian population. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of etiologic factors with: age, frequency, duration of consumption of areca nut and its derivatives, and the severity of clinical manifestations. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multi centric study was conducted over 8 years on clinically diagnosed OSMF cases (n = 765) from both public and private tertiary care centers. Sample size was determined by World Health Organization sample size calculator. Consumption of areca nut in different forms, frequency of daily usage, years of chewing, degree of mouth opening and duration of the condition were recorded. Level of significance was kept at P < or = 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 765 patients of OSMF were examined, of whom 396 (51.8%) were male and 369 (48.2%) female with a mean age of 29.17 years. Mild OSMF was seen in 61 cases (8.0%), moderate OSMF in 353 (46.1%) and severe OSMF in 417 (54.5%) subjects. Areca nut and other derivatives were most frequently consumed and showed significant risk in the severity of OSMF (P < or = 0.0001). Age of the sample and duration of chewing years were also significant (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The relative risk of OSMF increased with duration and frequency of areca nut consumption especially from an early age of onset.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Age of Onset , Areca , Asian People , Mastication , Mouth , Mouth Mucosa , Nuts , Oral Submucous Fibrosis , Pakistan , Sample Size , Tertiary Care Centers , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the correlation between serum Lipoxin A4 and clinical grading of chronic hepatitis B patients. Method The serum Lipoxin A4 was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in 94 chronic hepatitis B patients. Results It was found that the level of serum Lipoxin A4 of severe hepatitis patients were significantly lower than mild hepatitis patients and moderate hepatitis patients ( =0.04 and =0.03) . The serum Lipoxin A4 levels were correlated negatively with the ALT and AST levels,respectively =-0.41, =0.019 and R=-0.37,P=0.034. Conclusion These findings support the fact that the serum Lipoxin A4 may contribute to clinical grading of chronic hepatitis B patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a disorder of the skeletal muscle manifested as a life threatening hypermetabolic crisis in susceptible individuals following exposure to inhalation anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. The gold standard for determination of MH susceptibility is the in vitro contracture test (IVCT). However, it is invasive, requiring skeletal muscle biopsy and is not widely available. We attempted to reevaluate the MH in Korea using a Clinical Grading Scale (CGS) developed by Larach and colleagues to assist in clinical diagnosis. We intend to study CGS as a standardized means for estimating the qualitative likelihood of MH and establishing a Korean MH registry system. METHODS: We obtained twenty-seven case reports from the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology and applied a CGS developed by Larach and colleagues. The raw score of each case was obtained by scoring rules for the MH clinical grading scale, translated to a MH rank, and ranked by the MH likelihood. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate of reported MH was 44.4%. We described for MH rank and likelihood by CGS of cases. The CGS was missing a process in 13 cases for process II, 5 cases for process III and 4 cases for others. CONCLUSIONS: MH CGS is useful to aid the objective definition of this disease and for establishing a national registry system.