Development of a Clinical Practice Guideline Utilization System to Support Pharmacist Prescription Proposals: / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>Pharmacists need to know at what positioning a drug is recommended in clinical practice guidelines when they make prescription proposals.  However, the format of guidelines and the definition of recommendation grades differ between academic societies, making it difficult to comprehensively extract only the information one needs.  Therefore, we developed a guideline utilization system to support prescription proposals by pharmacists.<br><b>Methods: </b>We built a database comprised of clinical practice guidelines on pharmacological therapy for breast cancer and breast cancer-related conditions.  FileMaker®was used in the development of the system.<br><b>Result: </b>This system allows the comprehensive extraction of clinical questions and recommendations from multiple guidelines by means of standardized keywords.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>This system supports prescription proposals by pharmacists when generating pharmacological therapy protocols or when in discussions with healthcare professionals as information on the positioning of therapeutic agents in different guidelines and recommended drugs is readily available.

Pharmacy Information Systems in Teaching Hospitals: A Multi-dimensional Evaluation Study / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: In hospitals, the pharmacy information system (PIS) is usually a sub-system of the hospital information system (HIS). The PIS supports the distribution and management of drugs, shows drug and medical device inventory, and facilitates preparing needed reports. In this study, pharmacy information systems implemented in general teaching hospitals affiliated to medical universities in Tehran (Iran) were evaluated using a multi-dimensional tool. METHODS: This was an evaluation study conducted in 2015. To collect data, a checklist was developed by reviewing the relevant literature; this checklist included both general and specific criteria to evaluate pharmacy information systems. The checklist was then validated by medical informatics experts and pharmacists. The sample of the study included five PIS in general-teaching hospitals affiliated to three medical universities in Tehran (Iran). Data were collected using the checklist and through observing the systems. The findings were presented as tables. RESULTS: Five PIS were evaluated in the five general-teaching hospitals that had the highest bed numbers. The findings showed that the evaluated pharmacy information systems lacked some important general and specific criteria. Among the general evaluation criteria, it was found that only two of the PIS studied were capable of restricting repeated attempts made for unauthorized access to the systems. With respect to the specific evaluation criteria, no attention was paid to the patient safety aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The PIS studied were mainly designed to support financial tasks; little attention was paid to clinical and patient safety features.

Evaluación de un modelo de predicción del gasto farmacéutico en atención primaria de salud basado en variables demográficas / Evaluation of a predictive model of pharmaceutical expenditure in primary health care based on demographic variables / Avaliação de modelo de predição de despesa farmacêutica em atenção primária à saúde baseado em variáveis demográficas

Problema: en el actual contexto de restricciones presupuestarias en el sector salud, se precisa de sistemas de gestión que permitan asignar el gasto de manera más eficiente. En el caso del gasto farmacéutico, los modelos de ajuste de riesgos en salud son herramientas que ayudan a mejorar la eficiencia. Objetivos: evaluar la capacidad predictiva de un modelo de ajuste de gasto farmacéutico, Indicador de Importe Estandarizado (he), según variables sociodemográficas: condición de farmacia, cobertura internacional, edad y sexo. Método: se incluyó la población empadronada en la Comunidad Valenciana (España) entre el 01/09/2009 y el 31/08/2010. Se estandarizó la población y se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal para explicar la variabilidad del gasto farmacéutico ambulatorio. Resultados: el sistema de ajuste evaluado supone un avance en relación con modelos anteriores, alcanzando un mayor poder predictivo (R² = 34%). Conclusiones: el he es válido para predecir el gasto farmacéutico y asignar presupuestos prospectivos a departamentos y centros de salud.

Problem: In the current context of budget constraints in the health sector management systems that allow allocating spending more efficiently are required. In the case of pharmaceutical expenditure, risk adjustment models are tools that help to improve the efficiency. Objectives: To evaluate the predictive power of a pharmaceutical expenditure adjustment model, Standardized Amount Indicator, using sociodemographic variables: Copayment, international coverage, age and sex. Methods: We included the population registered in Valencia (Spain) between 01/09/2009 and 31/08/2010. Population was standardized and linear regression analysis was performed in order to explain the variability of outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure. Results: The adjustment model evaluated improve the predictive power, reaching a R² of 34%. Conclusions: This models valid to predict pharmaceutical costs and allocate prospective budgets to health districts and centers.

Questão: No atual contexto de restrições orçamentais no sector da saúde são precisos sistemas de gestão que permitam alocar os dispêndios de forma mais eficiente. No caso da despesa farmacêutica os modelos de ajuste de risco em saúde são ferramentas que ajudam no melhoramento da eficiência. Objetivos: avaliar a capacidade preditiva de um modelo de ajuste da despesa farmacêutica, Indicador de Importe Padronizado (hp), de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas: condição de farmácia, cobertura internacional, idade e gênero. Métodos: Foi incluída a população registrada em Valencia (Espanha) entre 01/09/2009 e 31/08/2010. A população foi padronizada e realizou-se análise de regressão linear para explicar a variabilidade dos dispêndios farmacêuticos ambulatórios. Resultados: O sistema de ajustamento avaliado supõe uma melhoria em relação aos modelos anteriores, alcançando maior poder preditivo (R2=34%). Conclusões: O iip é válido para prever os custos farmacêuticos e alocar orçamentos prospectivos aos departamentos e centros de saúde.