A Novel Single-arm Single-port Micro-traumatic Laparoscopic Robotic Surgical System / 中国医疗器械杂志

As the robotic assisted single port surgery arousing attention, a novel single-arm single-port micro-traumatic laparoscopic robotic surgical system is proposed in this study. From the perspective of the mechanics, joints with high rigidity and high reliability were utilized to realize the remote center of motion (RCM). Besides, the cost of consumables was reduced by adding the support of the rigid endoscope. From the perspective of the algorithm, high-precision motion control method and feedback force protection mechanism were implemented. The effectiveness of the aforementioned characteristics were verified by five clinical experiments of cholecystectomy. The results showed that the system is able to reduce the amount of bleeding, accelerate the patient recovery, reduce the infection risk and shorten the learning period. The robotic surgical system had significant clinical application value.

Management Practice of Outsourcing Hospital Tests to Independent Clinical Laboratories / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the development of medical technology and the deepening of medical reform, hospital laboratory test continues to expand. Affected by factors such as technology and cost, the business of outsourcing laboratory test to independent clinical laboratories develops rapidly. However, this cooperation mode has not been carried out for a long time and lacks systematic management experience. Through the analysis of the motivation of hospital delivery, this study expounds the classification, judgment basis and requirements for suppliers of third-party clinical laboratory delivery, as well as the operation practice of laboratory test delivery, so as to provide reference for more standardized and effective testing delivery for hospitals.

Performance Of Children With Down Syndrome On Pediatric Clinical Test Of Sensory Interaction In Balance (P-CTSIB): A Descriptive Study

Background: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder attributed to chromosomal abnormality. Children with Down syndrome have low score on balance and agility tasks as well as on running speed, strength and visual-motor control. Pediatric clinical test of sensory interaction in balance (P-CTSIB) was used to assess which component amongst visual, vestibular and somatosensory was more involved in causing this imbalance in children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of individual sensory component on stationary standing posture control and balance using P-CTSIB. Results: Min and max time required to perform the balance test was noted down with mean SD of max 21.03±1.28 and min 7.32±1.18. ANOVA and Students t test were used for analysing data. It was found that the measure of balance on all 6 conditions of P-CTSIB was better for boys compared to girls and is also better with increase in age. Children with Down syndrome have weak performance when only the vestibular system was available for maintaining balance and the visual and somatosensory systems were compromised. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that children with Down syndrome performed better in condition1 were all the systems were available to maintain balance and the poor balance was noted in condition 6 were vestibular system was the only available sensory system for maintaining balance. Poor performance was noted at the early stage of life and was slight better as the age advanced with boys performing better than girls. Balance in children with Down syndrome is an important aspect to be considered during rehabilitation. Including the visual, vestibular and somatosensory system individually and in combination during rehabilitation will help improve the balancing skills of patients.

Vivência de acadêmicos de enfermagem na operacionalização de ensaio clínico randomizado: relato de experiência / Experience of nursing academics in the randomized clinical test operation: case studies / La experiencia de académicos de enfermería en el funcionamiento de ensayo clínico randomizado: estudios de caso

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência e atividades de acadêmicos de enfermagem na operacionalização de um ensaio clínico randomizado. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo na modalidade de relato de experiência, no qual relatou-se a experiência e atividades de acadêmicos de enfermagem na operacionalização de um ensaio clínico randomizado conduzido em pacientes criticamente enfermos, internados na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital filantrópico do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. RESULTADOS: As funções dos acadêmicos foram realizar a alocação das intervenções que os pacientes recebiam, mediante uma listarandomizada e aleatorizada; coletar dados sob a supervisão de um dos pesquisadores e digitar os dados em programa estatístico. O método empregado é considerado ideal, pois possibilita que os acadêmicos e profissionais de enfermagem reflitam sobre a prática de enfermagem científica e não intuitiva, ao se testar e validar cientificamente intervenções que são implementadas no cotidiano da enfermagem, muitas vezes de maneira empírica. CONCLUSÃO: A experiência na operacionalização desse tipo de estudo, por acadêmicos de enfermagem, contribui para formação profissional, ao proporcionar o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, com vista à resolução de problemas presentes na prática clínica de enfermagem

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience and activities of nursing students in the operationalization of a randomized clinical test. METHODS: This is a case study, descriptive, in which the experience and activities of nursing students in the operationalization of arandomized clinical test conducted in critically ill patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a philanthropic hospital in thenorth of Minas Gerais, Brazil. RESULTS: The functions of the academics were to perform the allocation of the interventions that the patients received through a randomized and aleatory list; it collected data under the supervision of one of the researchers andenter the data into a statistical program. The method applied is ideal, since it allows nursing academics and professionals to reflecton a scientific and non-intuitive nursing practice, by scientifically testing and validating interventions implemented in the dailyroutine of nursing, often empirically. CONCLUSION: The experience in the operationalization of this type of study by nursingunder graduates contributes to professional training by providing the development of critical thinking, in order to solve problems present in clinical nursing practice

OBJETIVO: Presentar la experiencia y las actividades de los estudiantes de enfermería en la operación de una prueba clínicaaleatorizada. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de caso, descriptivo, en el cual la experiencia y las actividades de los estudiantes enla operacionalización de un teste clínico randomizado realizado en pacientes críticamente enfermos ingresados en la unidad decuidados intensivos de un hospital filantrópico en el norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Las funciones de los académicosfueron realizar la asignación de las intervenciones que los pacientes recibían mediante una lista aleatorizada; recoger datos bajo lasupervisión de uno de los investigadores e introducir los datos en el programa estadístico. El método empleado es consideradoideal, ya que posibilita a los académicos y profesionales de enfermería reflexionar acerca de una práctica de enfermería científica yno intuitiva, al probar y validar científicamente las intervenciones que se implementan en el cotidiano de la enfermería, muchasveces de forma empírica. CONCLUSIÓN: La experiencia en la operacionalización de este tipo de estudio por académicos de enfermeríacontribuye a la formación profesional al proporcionar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, con miras a la resolución de problemaspresentes en la práctica clínica de enfermería

Efeito de uma associação de cepas probióticas contendo lactobacillus e bifidobacterium na modulação da microbiota intestinal em pacientes constipados / Effects of association of probiotic strains containing lactobacillus and bifidobacterium on modulation of the intestinal microbiota in constipated patients

Introdução: a constipação é uma doença crônica que afeta a população mundial, podendo ser consequência do desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal, conhecida como disbiose. Nesse contexto, os probióticos vêm sendo utilizados com o objetivo de promover o seu equilíbrio, a fim de mantê-la saudável (eubiose). Objetivo: avaliar, em um estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, placebo-controlado, se o uso de uma associação de cepas probióticas contendo lactobacillus e bifidobacterium por 28 dias pode modular a microbiota intestinal em pacientes constipados. Método: a atividade da associação de cepas probióticas foi comparada com placebo (maltodextrina) após a suplementação por 28 dias. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio da análise de metagenômica e da melhora dos sintomas relacionados à constipação. Os dados do perfil da população de microrganismos presentes no intestino dos pacientes foram correlacionados com os resultados da avaliação dos sintomas abdominais e da percepção de bem-estar geral. O aumento do número de evacuações e a melhora do trânsito intestinal foram avaliados durante o estudo. Resultados: as proporções do gênero Bifidobacterium no grupo teste e controle foram 0.45% vs 0.24% no final do estudo, respectivamente (p<0,05). Adicionalmente, a diferença entre os grupos que receberam associação de cepas probióticas contendo lactobacillus e bifidobacterium e placebo permaneceu também significativamente alta com relação às espécies de Lactobacillus (1,21% vs 0,12%) após 28 dias de tratamento (p<0,05). Além disso, os participantes que receberam o probiótico apresentaram uma tendência de melhora sintomática baseada na comparação da sua microbiota e as respostas oriundas da avaliação dos sintomas abdominais e bem-estar geral. Nenhum evento adverso grave foi relatado. Conclusão: a formulação probiótica modulou a microbiota intestinal de forma diferente do placebo nos participantes do estudo. O consumo dos probióticos aumentou significativamente as bactérias benéficas e reduziu as potencialmente maléficas, contribuindo para o equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal.

Introduction: constipation is a chronic disease that affects the world population, being a consequence of the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis. In light of this context, the probiotics have been used to trigger microbiota intestinal balance, in order to keep it healthy (eubiose) Aim: to evaluate in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study whether the use of association of probiotic strains containing lactobacillus and bifidobacterium for 28 days can modulate the intestinal microbiota of the constipated participants. Methods: the activity of association of probiotic strains was compared to placebo (maltodextrin) after 28 days of consumption. The patients were evaluated by using metagenomics analyses and improved constipation symptoms. The dates of microorganisms population profile into patients gut were correlated with results of abdominal symptoms evaluation and well-being perception. The increase in the number of evacuations and the intestinal transit were evaluated during the study. Results: the proportions of the genus Bifidobacterium in the test groups and the control group were 0.45% vs 0.24% at the end of the study, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, the difference between the groups that received association of probiotic strains containing lactobacillus and bifidobacterium and the placebo remained higher for species of the genus Lactobacillus (1.21% vs 0.12%) after 28 days of use (p<0.05). Furthermore, the participants who received the probiotic had a tendency to improve symptomatic based on comparisons of their microbiota and the responses provided patients' abdominal symptoms and well-being. There were no reports of serious adverse events during the study. Conclusion: the probiotic formulation modulated the intestinal microbiota differently from the placebo in constipated participants included in this study. The use of this probiotic significantly increased beneficial bacteria and decreased potentially harmful microbes, which contributed to the maintenance of a healthy intestinal microbiota.

Algunas consideraciones necesarias sobre Ética y Bioética a tener en cuenta por los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina / Some necessary considerations of Ethics and Bioéticas in students of the Medicine carrere

La Ética y Bioética son pilares fundamentales en la carrera de Medicina, sin embargo sus contenidos no se incluyen de forma sistemática y articulada en las disciplinas del Plan de Estudio actual, considerándose una limitación en el mismo, de ahí que los autores del presente estudio realizaron una revisión exhaustiva al respecto. Se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Infomed. Fueron revisados 417 trabajos sin limitación de año y país, seleccionándose 25 trabajos científicos. La ética, también conocida como filosofía de la moral, busca responder las preguntas filosóficas sobre la moralidad. La bioética es el estudio filosófico de las controversias éticas provocadas por los avances en biología y medicina. Es imprescindible formar profesionales e investigadores responsables y conscientes de que no todo lo científicamente posible es éticamente correcto, por lo que resulta necesario de que se integren en mayor medida aspectos esenciales sobre Ética y Bioética en el currículo de la carrera de Medicina y así contribuir a la formación de un médico general con una visión integral del ser humano. El actual diseño del Plan de estudios de la carrera de Medicina limita las posibilidades de desarrollo del ejercicio bioético-valorativo por los estudiantes para conseguir la formación de un médico general básico, de ahí que se hace necesario aplicar diversas alternativas tanto curriculares como extracurriculares con los alumnos que traten aspectos esenciales sobre Ética y Bioética, las cuales propicien el análisis y la polémica en los mismos (AU).

The Ethics and Bioethics are fundamental pillars in the career of Medicine; however, their contents are not included in a systematic way and articulated in the disciplines of the current Study Plan being considered a limitation which conducted the authors of the present study to carry out an exhaustive revision in this respect. A search was developed in the Virtual Library of Health of Infomed. 417 scientific works were revised and 25 were selected. The ethics, also well-known as philosophy of the morals looks for to respond the philosophical questions about the morality. The bioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies provoked by the advances in biology and medicine. It is indispensable to form responsible professionals and aware investigators that not all the scientifically possible is ethically correct, for what is necessary that they are integrated in more measure essential aspects on Ethics and Bioethics in the curriculum of the career of Medicine and by this way to contribute to the formation of a general practitioner with a human being's integral vision. The current design of the Study Plans of the Medicine career limits the possibilities of development of the Bioethics and evaluative exercise for the students to get the formation of a basic general practitioner, with the result that it becomes necessary to apply diverse alternatives so much curricular as extracurricular with the students that treat essential aspects on Ethics and bioethics, which propitiate the analysis and the polemic in the same way (AU).

Assessments of Physical Function and Related Factors among Community-dwelling Aged People / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To evaluate the physical functions of community-dwelling older adults, and analyze the related factors. Methods From September to October, 2016, 80 adults over 55-year-old in one community in Wuhan, Hubei, China were selected with convenience sampling. General situation was collected through questionnaires. Physical functions were measured by tests of grip strength, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) and TimedUp and GoTest (TUGT). Their correlation was analyzed. Results The average grip strength of the participants was (27.46 ± 9.66) kg; the average time of FTSST was (11.58 ± 4.03) s;there was only one (1.25%) participant observed with an impairment in mCTSIB;the average time of TUGT was (9.05±3.47) s. Grip strength was correlated with gender (r=-0.669), education level (r=0.238), the score of Mini-Mental State Examina-tion (MMSE) (r=-0.302) and activities of daily living (ADL) (r=-0.344) (P<0.05). The time of FTSST was correlated to gender (r=0.274), the score of MMSE (r=0.243) and ADL (r=0.321) (P<0.05). The time of TUGT was correlated to gender (r=0.255), education level (r=-0.362), income level (r=-0.245), the score of Self-rating Depression Scale (r=0.223), the score of MMSE (r=0.328) and ADL (r=0.354) (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of grip strength, FTSST and TUGT are related to the demographic characters in community-dwell-ing older adults. Little abnormity has been found in mCTSIB.

Changes of inflammatory factors and insulin resistance index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by depression and its clinical significance / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics and significance of inflammatory factors and insulin resistance index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression.MethodsThe patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression were treated with IL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR in control group.The patients in type 2 diabetes mellitus had no complication and depression., Record the above indicators of test results.ResultsIL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR were the highest in the study group (P<0.05).The levels of IL-2, TNF-α and HOMA-IR in control group 1 and control group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThere is a high level of insulin resistance index and inflammatory factor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with depression.Therefore, it is suggested that the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be treated with anti-inflammatory and insulin resistance.The.

Vibração palpebral: o teste clínico mais sensível na paralisia facial / Palpebral vibration: the clinical test more sensitive in facial paralysis

Nesta nota os autores chamam atenção para a importância do fenômeno da vibração palpebral e ressaltam um teste de beira de leito, descrito por Wartenberg, capaz de antever a paralisia facial.

In this note the authors call attention to the importance of the eyelid vibration phenomenon, and highlight a predictor bedside test, described by Wartenberg, able to foresee a facial palsy.

Authenticity,normativity,scientificity and innovativeness of study on drug non-clinical reproductive toxicity / 中国药理学通报

Elements, including experimental personnel, facili-ties, equipment, apparatus, technology and skills, are essential to carrying out pre-clinical reproductive toxicity research. As to a study , authenticity , normativity , scientificity and innovativeness guarantee the success. These four elements are independent of each other,but mutually supported. Authenticity and scientificity are the footstone and soul, respectively, for drug non-clinical re-productive toxicity research. Normativity guarantees authenticity and scientificity, and innovativeness relies on authenticity. Nor-mativity and scientificity ensure the reliability and dynamics of experimental results which perhaps is an effective way accessing innovation.

Rethinking the neurological examination I: static balance assessment / Repensando o exame neurológico I: avaliação do equilíbrio estático

The authors advocate a modernization of the neurologic exam with regard to the evaluation of static equilibrium through the application of some easily performed and interpreted bedside maneuvers like the Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance - modified and the Functional Reach Test. The authors also believe that these and other assessments, such as that of the risk of falling for elderly patients, should be incorporated into the routine neurological examination.

Os autores advogam a modernização do exame neurológico no que diz respeito à pesquisa do equilíbrio estático, por meio da aplicação de algumas manobras de beira-de-leito fáceis de serem executadas e interpretadas, tais como o Teste Clínico de Integração Sensorial e Equilíbrio-modificado e o Teste do Alcance Funcional. Os autores também acreditam que estes e outros testes visando avaliação de risco de queda em pacientes idosos devem fazer parte do exame neurológico de rotina.

Validity and reliability of clinical tests for assessing passive ankle stiffness / Validade e confiabilidade de medidas clínicas para avaliação da rigidez passiva da articulação do tornozelo

BACKGROUND: The presence of inadequate levels of passive ankle stiffness have been associated with the occurrence of movement disorders, the development of pathological conditions and the reduction in the performance of functional activities such as walking, running and jumping. Therefore, clinical tests to evaluate ankle stiffness may be useful for the physical therapy assessment. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the concurrent validity and the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of clinical measures developed to assess passive stiffness of the ankle joint during dorsiflexion movement. METHODS: Fifteen healthy participants underwent to test-retest evaluations of their ankles by two examiners. Two clinical measures were performed: 'position of first detectable resistance' and 'change in passive resistance torque'. The results of these tests were compared to the passive stiffness measured with an isokinetic dynamometer, in which the electromyography activity of specific muscles was monitored to ensure that the test was performed passively (gold standard measure). RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from r=-0.81 to -0.88 (p<0.001) for the correlation between the passive ankle stiffness measured with the isokinetic dynamometer and the results of the clinical measure 'position of the first detectable resistance'. For the measure of 'change in passive resistance torque', these coefficients ranged from r=0.72 to 0.83 (p<0.004). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for the intra- and inter-examiner reliability ranged from 0.75 to 0.98. CONCLUSION: The clinical measures presented satisfactory validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Níveis inadequados de rigidez passiva do tornozelo têm sido associados à ocorrência de disfunções de movimento, ao desenvolvimento de patologias e à redução no desempenho em atividades como marcha, corrida e salto. Testes clínicos para investigar a rigidez dessa articulação podem ser úteis no processo de avaliação fisioterápica. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a validade concorrente e as confiabilidades intra e interexaminadores de medidas clínicas para avaliação da rigidez passiva do tornozelo durante o movimento de dorsiflexão. MÉTODOS: Quinze voluntários saudáveis foram submetidos a avaliações teste-reteste do tornozelo por dois examinadores. Duas medidas clínicas foram realizadas: "posição de primeira resistência detectável" e "mudança do torque passivo de resistência". Os resultados desses testes foram comparados à medida da rigidez passiva realizada com um dinamômetro isocinético, no qual a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos foi monitorada para garantir que o teste fosse realizado passivamente (medida padrão-ouro). RESULTADOS:Os Coeficientes de Pearson variaram de r=-0,81 a -0,88 (p<0,001) para a correlação entre a medida da rigidez com o dinamômetro isocinético e os resultados da medida "posição de primeira resistência detectável". Para a medida "mudança do torque passivo de resistência", esses coeficientes variaram de r=0,72 a 0,83 (p<0,004). Os Coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse (CCIs) obtidos para as confiabilidades intra e interexaminadores variaram de 0,75 a 0,98. CONCLUSÃO: Os testes propostos apresentaram validade e confiabilidades satisfatórias para serem utilizados na prática clínica.

Prevalence of pain on palpation of the inferior pole of the patella among patients with complaints of knee pain

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition in sports. It may occur at any location of the patellar tendon, but the most commonly affected area is the inferior pole of the patella. Among various diagnostic tests, the one most used is palpation of the inferior pole of the patella. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pain complaints among individuals with pathological knee conditions and to evaluate palpation of the inferior pole of the patella as a diagnostic test for patellar tendinopathy. METHODS: Palpation of the patellar tendon was performed on 318 individuals who presented with knee-related complaints. Palpation was performed with the individual in the supine position and the knee extended. The age, gender, physical activity and labor activity of each individual were recorded at the time the symptoms appeared; the diagnosis was also recorded. RESULTS: Of the total number of individuals evaluated, 124 (39 percent) felt pain on palpation of the inferior pole of the patella. Of these, only 40 (32.3 percent) received a diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy. We did not observe any difference with respect to gender and age distribution. When evaluating daily physical activity levels, however, we observed that individuals with pain on palpation of the inferior pole of the patella experienced more intense physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Palpation of the inferior pole of the patella is a diagnostic procedure with high sensitivity and moderate specificity for diagnosing patellar tendinopathy, especially among individuals who perform activities with high functional demands.

Preliminary Quality Evaluation of Blood Biochemical Tests in some Provincial Laboratories, Districts and Privates in the North of Vietnam

Introduction: Quality control in medical laboratory includes internal quality control and external quality control is very necessary for the quality management of medical laboratory tests. However, many laboratories for different reasons have not carried out quality control, its benefits, as well as inadequately evaluated affected risks of laboratory test quality. \r\n', u'Objectives: Two objectives are set for the research. First, to evaluate the quality of blood biochemical tests in some of the provinces, districts and private laboratories in the North of Vietnam. Second, factors that affect the quality of the medical laboratory tests are also examined. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: In this study, human control serum of Biorad is sent as ordinary blood samples to the 6 provincial, 12 district and 10 private laboratories to analyze some normal blood biomedical indexes. We also collected the necessary information on staff, equipments, and chemicals\u2026of the laboratories.\r\n', u'Results: There are five main findings in the areas of (1) general information about the laboratories, (2) laboratory test results of blood biochemical indexes with true value at the normal level, (3) laboratory test results of blood biochemical indexes with true value at the pathological level (level 2), (4) the accuracy of laboratory test results based on the blood test sample level 1, (5) the accuracy of laboratory test results based on the blood test sample level 2. In general, the first results of analyzed biomedical indexes are very different by statistical calculation between laboratories. \r\n', u'Conclusion: The research results indicated that the quality of analyzed biomedical indexes in some laboratories is not ensured. It is necessary to find the reasons and the ways to resolve the problem. \r\n', u'

Clinical testing for tissue engineering blood vessel / 国际外科学杂志

To seek the ideal replacing grafts of blood vessel,many different methods of tissue engineering blood vessel(TEBV)have been created,such as collagen gel-based,biodegradable scaffold-based,self-assembled vascular grafts,and peritoneal and pleural cavities as bioreactors to grow autologous vascular grafts,etc.Some TEBVs have partially or completely met the requirements for clinic,even have applied in clinic.In this article reviewed,the models with better characters in big animals and clinical tests,and discussed the current problems of TEBV and looked forward to future clinical application.

A proposed criterion for clinical diagnosis of internet addiction / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To establish a clinical diagnostic criterion(referred as criterion hereinafter) for patients with social dysfunction and abnormal mental behaviors caused by internet addiction,so as to provide guidance in future mechanism study,treatment and prevention for such disorder.Methods A rough draft of symptom parameters was used to evaluate the symptoms among the patients with a chief complaint of wallowing in internet which caused damned influence on study,work and interpersonal communication.The 1st draft of the criteria was drawn up according to the incidence and correlation of the symptoms.408 patients with internet addiction(IA) diagnosed according to the 1st draft were followed up for 12 months after being discharged from hospital,and the diagnostic coincidence and recurrence rate were calculated and analyzed,based on which the 1st draft was then revised and the 2nd draft was established.Clinical tests were performed on 150 patients with the same chief complaints by psychiatrists from many mental hospitals in China.Descriptions in the 2nd draft were not modified based on the test findings and the final draft was formulated.Results The proposed criterion for IA symptom included the following 7 items: ① craving for using internet;② withdrawal reactions after internet use reduced or stopped;③ tolerance;④ unable to control the intention of using internet;⑤ regardless of hazardous consequences;⑥ pay no attention to other activities;and ⑦ avoidance or alleviation of unhealthy emotions.Items ① and ② combined with any one of the remains made the final diagnosis of IA.The criterion for illness duration was suggested as greater than or equal to 6 hours of continuous internet use one day in average and 3 months at least after meeting the criteria for IA symptom.It was found by following-up that one year recurrence rate among the discharged patients from hospital was 70.6%,and the diagnostic coincidence was 96.1%.The diagnostic consistency on symptom evaluation between two psychiatric raters was 89.3%-98.0%(Kappa 0.73-0.87,P

Clinical Test of prototype Oxygen Concentrator / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Oxygen concentrators are convenient to operate and economical for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, oxygen concentrators are not manufactured domestically and the COPD patients are currently treated with imported oxygen concentrators. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestically developed prototype oxygen concentrator before clinical application, the efficacy and safety of the domestic oxygen concentrator were evaluate by comparing with the imported one. Meterial and METHODS: The clinical tests were performed on 36 hyperhydrosis patients from April 1999 to August 1999. Domestic and imported oxygen concentrators were in turn applied to the same patient, who inspired oxygen for 60 minutes at a rate of 3 liters per minute through nasal prong. The oxygen concentrator, which was applied first, was randomly allocated. The arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was estimated to compare the efficacy; and the carboxy hemoglobin(COHb), pH, arterial CO2 partial pressure, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate to compare the safety before and after applying each oxygen concentrator. A student t-test was used to analyze the results. RESULTS: In respect to efficacy, the difference in the change of PaO2 before and after the application between two concentrators was not statistically significant. In respect to safety, the differences in the changes of COHb, pH, partial pressure of arterial CO2, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration rate between two concentrators were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The domestically developed oxygen concentrator, showed satisfactory efficacy and safety when compared with the imported one.

Measurement of infrared radiation by local body-surface and the clinical significance / 中国医学物理学杂志

Thermometry of body by a contact temperature or thermal imaging analysis by infrared radiation (IR)is a routine method in clinical application. Twelve cerebrovascular disease patients and some patients who suffered from joint inflammation,nerve inflammation were examined.The result made clear that the method and the instrument is adaptable to simple and reliable thermal diagnosis for the discovery and premonition of different kinds of diseases and their course and tendency.

Technical Improvement of Functional MRI for Clinical Application

BACKGROUND: Functional MRI is a new neuroimaging method that detects focal blood flow change associated with neural activation. This study aimed at improving it for use as a clinical test. METHODS: We separated image reconstruction from scan acquisition as an off-line process, systematized post-processing stages, and employed SPM96 package for statistical analysis. Tasks easy enough for most neurological patients were designed for activation of motor, somatosensory, visual, and language areas. From twenty consecutive patients admitted to neurology wards, frequency of expected activation and inactivation among defined regions of interest was obtained as a measure of sensitivity and quasi-specificity. RESULTS: It took about 4 minutes for data acquisition per task condition. Thus within half an hour all four tasks were tested in cooperative patients. Post-processing took about an hour per task condition, using PC-based analysis packages. Sensitivity and quasi-specificity were about 70% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our newly developed method shortened the time for fMRI acquisition and systematized post-scan analysis. Data obtained from patients showed acceptable reliability for clinical use, but further research and improvement should be necessary.

Research of Field POCT System(A) / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a comprehensive integrated POCT system.Methods To meet the requirement of medical relief operation under the circumstances of field operations and Military Operations Other Than War,several dry chemical inspection instruments were selected,integrated and informatized.Then,a portable platform,being easy to deploy,undeploy,store and transport,came into being,which was gifted with the functions for regular rapid laboratory test in filed operation.Results The POCT system's net weight was about 80Kg,and the deployment/un-deployment time was 3 minutes.The tests could be finished in 5minutes.Conclusion The system has reached the goal of rapid response and on -site application,which will greatly enhance the work efficiency of clinical laboratory under the circumstances of field operations.