El efecto de la poda de Acropora palmata como estrategia para la obtención de tejido vivo en acciones de restauración arrecifal

Introducción: Los arrecifes de coral son ecosistemas altamente degradados, por lo que ha sido necesario implementar acciones de restauración activa para recuperar su estructura y funcionamiento. Se ha implementado la propagación clonal para obtener fragmentos pequeños (~ 10 cm) de las ramas distales de colonias donadoras de corales de la especie Acropora palmata, para posteriormente fijarlos en el sustrato arrecifal, simulando el efecto de dispersión que ocurre de manera natural en esta especie, a lo que en este trabajo se denomina ''dispersión asistida". Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar los efectos de esta técnica como son: la cantidad de fragmentos que se puede obtener de cada colonia, el periodo de recuperación de tejido de las colonias donadoras y los fragmentos sembrados. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de poda en las colonias donadoras estimando el porcentaje de tejido podado de colonias donadoras de A. palmata y su tasa de recuperación 30 meses después. Métodos: Se realizaron cuatro monitoreos: antes, inmediatamente después de la poda, un mes después de la siembra, y 30 meses después, en cuatro colonias de A. palmata localizadas en el Parque Nacional Costa Occidental de Isla Mujeres, Punta Cancún y Punta Nizuc en el Caribe mexicano. La modelación 3D basada en fotogrametría se realizó con el software Agisoft Metashape Pro, mientras que las métricas de área de superficie de tejido, extensión radial y apical se obtuvieron mediante el software CloudCompare. Resultados: Posterior a la colecta de fragmentos de las colonias, se observó que el material utilizado en la dispersión asistida representa menos del 12% del tejido vivo. Después de un mes, las colonias donadoras presentaban una recuperación del 5% con tejido nuevo recubriendo las áreas de corte. Las colonias donadoras perdieron, en promedio, 65% de tejido vivo tras el impacto de cuatro huracanes, y en un caso la colonia fue totalmente eliminada, pero con los fragmentos sembrados se pudo conservar el genotipo. Conclusiones: La dispersión asistida podría incrementar el tejido vivo de corales ramificados en intervalos de tiempo relativamente cortos, sin comprometer la integridad de la colonia donadora, si se poda menos del 12%.

Introduction: Coral reefs are highly degraded ecosystems, for which it has been necessary to implement active restoration actions to recover their structure and functioning. Asexual propagation has been implemented to obtain small fragments (~10 cm) from the distal branches of donor colonies of corals of the species Acropora palmata, to subsequently relocate them in the reef substrate, simulating the dispersion effect that occurs naturally in the species, which in this work is called assisted propagation. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of this technique, such as the number of fragments that can be obtained from each colony, the tissue recovery period of the donor colonies and fragments. Objective: To address the effect of pruning on donor colonies by estimating the percentage of live tissue removed from donor colonies of A. palmata and their recovery rate after 30-months. Methods: Four surveys were carried out: before, immediately after pruning, one month after outplanting, and 30 months after pruning on four colonies of A. palmata located in the Parque Nacional Costa Occidental de Isla Mujeres, Punta Cancún and Punta Nizuc in the Mexican Caribbean. Photogrammetry-based 3D modeling was performed using Agisoft Metashape Pro software, while tissue surface area, radial and apical growth were obtained using CloudCompare software. Results: After fragment collection, the material used in the assisted propagation represents less than 12% of the living tissue. After one month, the donor colonies showed a recovery of 5%, with new tissue covering the cut areas. The donor colonies lost on average 65 % of living tissue after four hurricanes, and in one case the colony was lost all together, but with the outplanted fragments the genotype could be preserved. Conclusions: Assisted propagation could increase living tissue of branching corals in relatively short intervals of time, without serious damage to the donor colony if less than 12 % is removed.

Effect of clonal hematopoiesis in remission on hematopoiesis recovery in patients with NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in remission on hematopoiesis recovery in patients with NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after chemotherapy. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 86 patients with NPM1(mut) AML newly diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between July 2016 and June 2019. Their clinical data and NGS test results at diagnosis were analyzed. Moreover, bone marrow samples in remission were tested using Sanger sequencing. The log-rank test was used to analyze the difference in hematopoietic recovery, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting hematopoietic recovery. Results: The median age of the 86 NPM1(mut) AML patients was 50 years (15-69 years). There were 39 males and 47 females. Forty-one patients were induced with intensity chemotherapy ("7 + 3"), whereas 45 patients were treated with low-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy. At diagnosis, The most common mutations in the patients were FLT3, DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/IDH2 mutations. CH-associated mutations persisted in 21 patients during remission, and the mutations were DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, and IDH1/IDH2. The recovery time of neutrophils in patients with CH-associated mutations in remission was consistent with that in patients without CH in remission (P=0.282) but the recovery time of platelets in patients with CH in remission was significantly longer[26 (95% CI 21-32) days vs 25 (95% CI 23-26) days, P=0.032]. Furthermore, univariate analysis indicated that age, induced chemotherapy program, and CH in remission were risk factors for platelet recovery, whereas multivariate analysis indicated that induced chemotherapy program and CH in remission were independent risk factors for platelet recovery (HR=0.454, P=0.001 and HR=0.520, P=0.027, respectively) . Conclusion: CH in remission delays the hematopoietic recovery of patients with NPM1(mut) AML after chemotherapy.

Research Progress on Gene Mutation and CHIP in Pathogenesis of MDS --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

With the development of molecular biology techniques, the people's understanding of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has greatly improved, a heterogeneous hematopoietic pre-malignant disorder of the stem cells. Gene mutations include RNA splicing, DNA methylation, chromosome modification, transcription factors, signal transduction kinases, RAS pathways, cohesion complexes, DNA repair, etc. Gene mutation is the determinant of diagnostic typing and therapeutic efficacy of MDS. The new concepts of CHIP and ICUS have aroused people's attention to the elderly patients with clonal hematopoiesis and non-clonal cytopenia but without MDS characteristics, who have the possibility of high-risk transformation to MDS and leukemia. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of MDS, the significance of gene mutations, CHIP and ICUS in the diagnosis and prognosis of MDS were reviewed in this paper.

A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Proteus mirabilis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#A core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme to genotype and identify potential risk clonal groups (CGs) in Proteus mirabilis.@*METHODS@#In this work, we propose a publicly available cgMLST scheme for P. mirabilis using chewBBACA. In total 72 complete P. mirabilis genomes, representing the diversity of this species, were used to set up a cgMLST scheme targeting 1,842 genes, 635 unfinished (contig, chromosome, and scaffold) genomes were used for its validation.@*RESULTS@#We identified a total of 205 CGs from 695 P. mirabilis strains with regional distribution characteristics. Of these, 159 unique CGs were distributed in 16 countries. CG20 and CG3 carried large numbers of shared and unique antibiotic resistance genes. Nine virulence genes ( papC, papD, papE, papF, papG, papH, papI, papJ, and papK) related to the P fimbrial operon that cause severe urinary tract infections were only found in CG20. These CGs require attention due to potential risks.@*CONCLUSION@#This research innovatively performs high-resolution molecular typing of P. mirabilis using whole-genome sequencing technology combined with a bioinformatics pipeline (chewBBACA). We found that the CGs of P. mirabilis showed regional distribution differences. We expect that our research will contribute to the establishment of cgMLST for P. mirabilis.

Caracterización epidemio-molecular de la infección por Clostridioides difficile en pacientes hospitalizados con cuadro diarreico en instituciones de salud. 2019

La infección por Clostridioides difficile es una de las principales causas de diarrea nosocomial en hospitales del mundo, asociada a antibióticos de amplio espectro. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transverso, de tipo censal. Se estudiaron 281 muestras de pacientes hospitalizados con la infección, se analizaron características socio-demográficas, clínicas y se caracterizó molecularmente al patógeno. Como resultado, se obtuvieron pacientes con la infección con una mediana de edad de 64 años siendo el 61,5 % del sexo masculino. El promedio de presentación del cuadro diarreico fue de 5 días, con tratamiento antimicrobiano de 8 días e internación de 15 días. El 94% tuvo tratamiento antimicrobiano previo, y el 6% estuvo expuesto a algún factor de riesgo. Los antimicrobianos más utilizados solos o en combinación fueron betalactámicos, fluoroquinolonas, vancomicina y carbapenémicos. Las áreas de internación con mayor frecuencia de presentación de la infección fueron las unidades de Clínica Médica, Traumatología, Geriatría y Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. La prevalencia de C. difficile toxigénico fue de 14%, y de esta frecuencia el 100% presentó toxinas TcdA y TcdB, con ausencia de toxinas binarias y deleción del gen tcdC. Se constató la presencia grupos clonales en la misma unidad de internación y misma institución de salud. El 100% de las cepas resultaron susceptibles a los antibióticos de elección para la infección. La prevalencia de la infección y presencia de perfiles clonales detectadas revelan la necesidad de un mejoramiento en el sistema de control de infecciones, así como del fortalecimiento y vigilancia de la resistencia antimicrobiana.

Clostridioides difficile infection is one of the main causes of nosocomial diarrhea in hospitals worldwide, associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, census-type study. Two hundred eighty-one samples from patients hospitalized with the infection were studied, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed and the pathogen was characterized molecularly. As a result, patients with the infection had a median age of 64 years and 61.5% male. The average presentation of diarrhea was 5 days, antimicrobial treatment 8 days and hospitalization 15 days. Ninety four percent had previous antimicrobial treatment, and 6% were exposed to some risk factor. The most commonly used antimicrobials alone or in combination were beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, and carbapenems. The hospitalization areas with the highest frequency of presentation of the infection were the Clinical Medicine, Traumatology, Geriatrics and Intensive Care Unit units. The prevalence of toxigenic C. difficile was 14%, and of this frequency, 100% presented TcdA and TcdB toxins, with the absence of binary toxins and deletion of the tcdC gene. The presence of clonal groups was verified in the same hospitalization unit and the same health institution. All the strains were susceptible to the antibiotics of choice for the infection. The prevalence of infection and the presence of clonal profiles detected reveal the need for improvement of the infection control system, as well as of the strengthening and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

Screening for myeloid mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the most critical complications in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is the progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The dynamics of clonal evolution in MDS and how acquired mutations can be used as biomarkers to track disease progression remains under investigation. Objective and method: Herein, we investigated the frequency of common myeloid clonal mutations (FLT3, NPM1, JAK2, IDH1 and IDH2) in 88 patients with MDS and 35 AML patients with myelodysplasia-related changes, followed at a single reference center in northeastern Brazil. Results: Overall, 9/88 (10%) ofthe MDSpatients and 9/35 (26%) of the secondary AML patients had at least one mutation. While the JAK2 V617F mutation was the most frequent in the MDS patients, the FLT3, NPM1, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were more frequently found in the secondary AML group. Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of FLT3, NPM1, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in MDS patients classified as high-risk subtypes than in those of lower risk. Conclusion: Despite the limited sample size, our data suggest that mutations in FLT3, NPM1, IDH1 and IDH2 genes could be potential biomarkers to detect early disease progression in MDS.

Effect of donor clonal hematopoiesis on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) refers to the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in some individuals with normal blood indexes. The incidence of CH increases with age, reflecting the decline of the hematopoietic and potential clonal evolution to a certain extent. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that donor CH is an unfavorable factor affecting transplantation, graft-versus-host disease and donor cell leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Emphasis on and identification of donor CH can optimize donor selection and help transplant patients benefit more. This article introduces the relevant research progress in combination with the content of the 63rd American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and aging / 中华老年医学杂志

Clonal hematopoiesis with indeterminant potential(CHIP)is defined as the proportion of detectable clonal hematopoietic cells in peripheral blood exceeding 2% and without confirmed hematologic malignancy.CHIP could increase the risk of malignant diseases through changes in DNA damage response, transcriptional programming and epigenetic modification.The incidence of malignant tumors in the blood system is significantly higher in the CHIP patients than healthy person.In addition, CHIP represents a negative factor associated with aging.Recent studies have found that the incidences of infections, anemia, heart failure, thrombotic events, and tumors of the blood system in CHIP carriers were significantly increased.Starting with the epigenetic modifications, phenotypic changes and inflammatory mechanisms of CHIP-related gene mutations, this paper discussed the mechanisms of CHIP-related diseases and possible intervention aimed at aging.

Advances in the understanding of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death among the elderly and the incidence of coronary artery disease progressively increases with advancing age.Traditional risk factors are incompletely predictive of cardiovascular disease development.With the advent of high-throughput next-generation genome sequencing technologies in recent years, some studies have indicated that aging is associated with an increased frequency of somatic mutations of hematological neoplasm-related genes in the hematopoietic system, providing a competitive growth advantage for mutant hematopoietic cells and thus allowing for their clonal expansion, a phenomenon known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP). CHIP is common in middle-aged and elderly populations and is associated with increased risks of hematological cancer and all-cause death.There is growing evidence that CHIP is involved in the development and progression of multiple cardiovascular disorders through the activation of inflammatory responses.In this review, we will give an overview of current advances in the understanding of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease.

Aging-elevated inflammation promotes DNMT3A R878H-driven clonal hematopoiesis

Aging-elevated DNMT3A R882H-driven clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a risk factor for myeloid malignancies remission and overall survival. Although some studies were conducted to investigate this phenomenon, the exact mechanism is still under debate. In this study, we observed that DNMT3A R878H bone marrow cells (human allele: DNMT3A R882H) displayed enhanced reconstitution capacity in aged bone marrow milieu and upon inflammatory insult. DNMT3A R878H protects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from the damage induced by chronic inflammation, especially TNFα insults. Mechanistically, we identified that RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis signaling was compromised in R878H cells in response to proliferation stress and TNFα insults. Briefly, we elucidated the molecular mechanism driving DNMT3A R878H-based clonal hematopoiesis, which raises clinical value for treating DNMT3A R882H-driven clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid malignancies with aging.

Research Progress of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Multiple Myeloma --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

With the progress of medical technology, cloning hematopoietic was found to be widely exist in normal people. Because of its clinical significance and prognosis is unclear, it is named clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP), which has been detected in blood diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome and lymphoma, and proven to be related to poor prognosis. Recently, CHIP has been also detected in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In this article, the definition and influencing factors of CHIP, clinical significance, prognosis and treatment in MM were reviewed.

Significance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone in immunosuppressive therapy for children with severe aplastic anemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the association between paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 151 children with SAA who were admitted and received IST from January 2012 to May 2020. According to the status of PNH clone, these children were divided into a negative PNH clone group (n=135) and a positive PNH clone group (n=16). Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounding factors, and the impact of PNH clone on the therapeutic effect of IST was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The children with positive PNH clone accounted for 10.6% (16/151), and the median granulocyte clone size was 1.8%. The children with positive PNH clone had an older age and a higher reticulocyte count at diagnosis (P<0.05). After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in baseline features between the negative PNH clone and positive PNH clone groups (P>0.05). The positive PNH clone group had a significantly lower overall response rate than the negative PNH clone group at 6, 12, and 24 months after IST (P<0.05). The evolution of PNH clone was heterogeneous after IST, and the children with PNH clone showed an increase in the 3-year cumulative incidence rate of aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SAA children with positive PNH clone at diagnosis tend to have poor response to IST and are more likely to develop aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome.

A Patient with Sequential Diseases of Langerhans Cell Sarcoma, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 罕见病研究

Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)and Langerhans cell sarcoma(LCS)are characterized by clone proliferation of Langerhans-type cells, which may occur concurrently or sequentially with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and other Lymphoid neoplasms. A 15-year old female patient diagnosed with T-ALL developed LCH involving multiple systems during maintenance chemotherapy of T-AL. After treated with chemotherapy with improved result, the patient showed progression of the illness and refractory to the second-line treatment. We found c.G35A (p.G12D)mutation in the KRAS gene and used the targeted drug Trametinib for treatment. The treatment proved effective, leading to partial remission within a week. Three months after Trametinib treatment, the patient developed new lymphadenopathy. Biopsy revealed the existence of LCS. The disease progressed quickly, and the patient died 7 days after diagnosis of LCS. The case of patients with T-ALL then developing LCH and LCS sequentially is extraordinarily rare. The causes of the case is unclear and may be related to cell transdifferentiation, clonal evolution, and chemotherapy. Targeted drugs can contain this disease for a short time.

Hematopoyesis Clonal de Potencial Indeterminado (HCPI): más allá de un modelo de campo de cancerización / Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP): Beyond a model of field cancerization

Resumen La Hematopoyesis Clonal de Potencial Indeterminado (HCPI), más conocida como CHIP por sus siglas en inglés, se define como la expansión clonal de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas (CMHs) que albergan una o más mutaciones somáticas (en la mayoría de los casos una sola mutación) sin un cáncer hematológico subyacente ni evidencia morfológica definitiva de displasia, con una frecuencia alélica mayor al 2%. Los individuos con HCPI progresan a malignidad a una tasa de cerca del 0.5% a 1% por año, convirtiéndose así en un modelo de campo de cancerización. Sin embargo, sus implicaciones van más allá debido a que se ha encontrado asociación con enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas, como enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica, diabetes y enfermedades autoinmunes. Además, es considerado un factor predictivo en pacientes con cáncer hematolológico y no hematológico que reciben quimioterapia y radioterapia.

Abstract Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells harboring one or more somatic mutations. These patients do not have underlying hematologic neoplasia, myelodysplasia, or dysplasia, but can progress to a malignant state at a rate of 0.5 to 1% per year. CHIP could be used as a model of field cancerization, since it has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions. CHIP is also considered a predictive factor in hematological and non-hematological cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

C/EBPb converts bovine fibroblasts to adipocytes without hormone cocktail induction

BACKGROUND: Adipogenesis and fibrogenesis can be considered as a competitive process in muscle, which may affect the intramuscular fat deposition. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPb) plays an important role in adipogenesis, which is well-characterized in mice, but little known in bovine so far. RESULTS: In this study, real-time qPCR revealed that the level of C/EBPb was increased during the developmental stages of bovine and adipogenesis process of preadipocytes. Overexpression of C/EBPb promoted bovine fibroblast proliferation through mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), a necessary process for initiating adipogenesis, by significantly downregulating levels of p21 and p27 (p < 0.01). Also, the PPARc expression was inhibited during the MCE stage (p < 0.01). 31.28% of transfected fibroblasts adopted lipid-laden adipocyte morphology after 8 d. Real-time qPCR showed that C/EBPb activated the transcription of early stage adipogenesis markers C/EBPa and PPARc. Expression of ACCa, FASN, FABP4 and LPL was also significantly upregulated, while the expression of LEPR was weakened. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded C/EBPb can convert bovine fibroblasts into adipocytes without hormone induction by initiating the MCE process and promoting adipogenic genes expression, which may provide new insights into the potential functions of C/EBPb in regulating intramuscular fat deposition in beef cattle.

Vegetative rescue potential of Brazil nut through epicormic shoots on detached branches

Obtaining juvenile material may favor the clonal propagation of Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa. We aimed to assess the emission of epicormic shoots on detached branches of Brazil nut trees as a function of the mother tree and branch diameter, in order to provide juvenile material for use in clonal multiplication. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 (mother trees) x 3 (stem diameter: < 20 20-40 and 40-80 mm) factorial design, with four replicates. Every five days the number of shoots emitted was counted and the sprouting speed index and average sprouting time were calculated. The number of epicormic shoots and the sprouting speed index were dependent on the interaction between mother tree and branch diameter. Branches with larger diameter (20-40 and 40-80 mm) showed higher potential for obtaining propagules for use in Brazil nut clonal multiplication (cutting, grafting and in vitro cultivation). (AU)

Queratosis seborreica: variante clonal. reporte de un caso / Seborrheic clonal keratosis. case report

RESUMEN Las queratosis seborreicas son tumores benignos muy frecuentes en la práctica diaria y la mayoría de los pacientes desarrollarán alguna en el transcurso de la vida. La variante clonal es una forma histopatológica rara y su importancia radica en la necesidad de realizar diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías de mayor relevancia como carcinoma basocelular e incluso melanoma. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 76 años con una lesión histológicamente compatible con la variante clonal de la queratosis seborreica.

SUMMARY Seborrheic keratoses are benign tumors that are very common in daily dermatology practice and most patients will develop some over the course of their lives. The clonal variant is a rare histopathological form and its importance lies in the need to perform a differential diagnosis with other pathologies of greater relevance such as basal cell carcinoma and even malignant melanoma. We present the clinical case of a 76-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of clonal seborrheic keratosis.

An increase in proliferation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor under negative pressure in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: How to enhance the proliferative activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and make their proper effects after transplantation is an urgent problem to be solved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different negative pressures on the proliferation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion level. METHODS: Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under normal conditions (control group) or under intermittent negative pressures (-6.65, -13.3, -26.6 kPa), once for 2 hours, with an interval of 12 hours. At 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours of culture, cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8, and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor was detected by RT-PCR. Based on the above results, we selected the optimal negative pressure condition and time (-26.6 kPa, 24 hours). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were treated normally, under -26.6 kPa or treated with Axitinib under -26.6 kPa. We detected the cell proliferation by cell counting kit-8, EDU cell positive rate by EDU kit, and cell colony forming unit by crystal violet staining thereafter. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the negative pressure groups had significantly increased cell proliferation, significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels, and significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (all P < 0.05). After being treated with Axitinib, the absorbance value of cell proliferation, the number of clone forming units and the rate of EDU positive cells in the negative pressure groups were markedly decreased. To conclude, in vitro negative pressure culture may promote the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells through upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.

Rooting competence of mini-cuttings of Cabralea canjerana clones in different seasons / Enraizamento de miniestacas de clones de Cabralea canjerana em diferentes estações do ano

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the rooting competence of mini-cuttings throughout the four seasons and to estimate the adventitious rooting time of canjerana clones. A clonal mini-garden was established with 11 clones in a closed hydroponic system. Evaluations were performed throughout the four seasons for the number of mini-cuttings produced per mini-stump, percentage of survival and rooting of mini-cuttings, number of roots, average root length, and number of rooted mini-cuttings per mini-stump. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared. A rooting curve was estimated for clones 10SM05, 12SMI25, and 12SMI43 that exhibited high competence for adventitious rooting. Our results indicated that canjerana clones can be selected for adventitious rooting competence of mini-cuttings during different seasons, and that canjerana mini-cuttings should be cultivated for 63 days in a rooting chamber.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a competência ao enraizamento de miniestacas ao longo das quatro estações do ano e determinar o tempo de enraizamento adventício de clones de canjerana. O minijardim clonal foi estabelecido com 11 clones em um sistema fechado de cultivo. Foram realizadas avaliações do número total de miniestacas produzidas por minicepa, da percentagem de sobrevivência e de enraizamento das miniestacas, do número de raízes, do comprimento médio das raízes e contabilizado o número de miniestacas enraizadas por minicepa, ao longo das quatro estações do ano. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e realizado teste de comparação de médias. Também foi elaborada a curva de enraizamento para os clones 10SM05, 12SMI25 e 12SMI43, com alta competência ao enraizamento adventício. Clones de canjerana podem ser selecionados para a competência ao enraizamento adventício das miniestacas nas diferentes estações do ano. Miniestacas de canjerana devem ser cultivadas em câmara úmida por 63 dias para o enraizamento.

Progress of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Clonal hematopoiesis is a common aging_associated biological state. The incidence of malignant neoplasms for the patients with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is 0.5%-1% every year. Potential factors of clonal progression in hematopoietic cells have been summarized, including disordered endogenous immunity caused by the augmentation of proliferative pressure, chromosomal instability caused by telomeres short; the amplification of clonal stem cells, acquisition of new mutations, and aging_associated changes in hematopoietic stem cells, including altered DNA damage response, an altered transcriptional program and epigenetic alterations while failing to support healthy hematopoiesis. CHIP is a vascular risk factor driven by interactions between clonal monocytes_macrophages and the endothelium, as well as a neoplastic progression risk factor driven by the acquisition of additional somatic mutations in the context of many other influences on hematopoiesis and clonal balance. Strategies to reduce the clonal burden associated with CHIP and to inhibit the key inflammatory pathways leading to atherosclerosis could improve the prognosis of the patients.