ABSTRACT
Background@#Coal is the largest source of energy on earth and is used to supply electricity in many countries. Unfortunately, as much as it helps light up some communities, coal-fired power plants are also the world's biggest industrial polluters.@*Objectives@#This study investigated the environment and health conditions of the community before, and 20 years after the construction of the coal. It explored the perception of the respondents on the presence of a coal-fired power plant in their community, and determined strategies that can help protect the community against the coal-fired power plant.@*Methodology@#It utilized descriptive phenomenological design using in-depth interviews through snowball sampling. Data were analysed through Colaizzi method and was guided by the health belief model which claims that change can occur if self-efficacy is built in. @*Results@#Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) realization of the deterioration of the environment and the residents' health, (2) awareness on the interplay between economic gain, politics, and impact on health and environment, and (3) recognizing the need for increased community empowerment on health and environment. @*Conclusion@#The presence of a coal-fired power plant in the community brings about negative changes in health and environment. Sustainable efforts to combat such negative effects are needed, and community residents in the vicinity of the power plant need to be empowered to conduct check-and-balance for their own health and environmental safety.
Subject(s)
Health , Environmental PollutantsABSTRACT
Este texto objetiva discutir a inclusão da dimensão da saúde nos procedimentos de avaliação de impactos ambientais, para que os diversos atores (a serem) envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisão possam avaliar, antecipadamente à implementação, a necessidade e a adequação tecnológica e locacional do mesmo. O ponto de partida foi uma demanda do Ministério Público Federal à Universidade Federal do Ceará, para analisar o projeto de uma usina termelétrica a carvão mineral a ser implantada no Complexo Industrial e Portuário do Pecém (CE). A metodologia consistiu no reconhecimento do contexto sócio-histórico em que se insere o projeto, estudo bibliográfico sobre os impactos ambientais e à saúde gerados, diálogos com a comunidade atingida, para então analisar o documento preparado pelo órgão estadual de meio ambiente. Como resultados, são apresentados os eixos centrais de incidência da análise e as proposições de complementação do termo de referência para antecipar as inter-relações entre os processos de produção, o ambiente e a desigual distribuição dos impactos sobre a saúde; e avalia-se a necessidade de avançar nesta abordagem para alimentar processos de tomada de decisão mais próximos do real vivido ou a viver, e mais democráticos.
The study discusses the inclusion of health in the evaluation of environmental impacts to allow actors potentially involved in decision-making to determine the need and technological and geographic adequacy of projects ahead of implementation. The point of departure was a request from the Public Attorney to the Federal University of Ceará to analyze the project of a coal-fired power plant to be built within the Port of Pecém Industrial Compound in Ceará State, Brazil. The methodology included a description of the social and historical context of the area, a bibliographical study of health and environmental impacts and dialogues with affected communities, followed by an analysis of state environmental guidelines for this type of enterprise. The results shows the main categories of analysis identified and proposed additions to current regulations intended to anticipate relations between production processes, the environment and an uneven distribution of health impacts. Besides, it also assesses the need to advance the development of the approach in order to subsidize and democratize decision-making processes closer to actual circumstances in the present and near future.