ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre creencias irracionales y sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología en Honduras. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, un alcance descriptivo-correlacional y un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional. La muestra fue de 257 estudiantes universitarios de Psicología de dos universidades hondureñas. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó el Test de Creencias Irracionales y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II. Las principales creencias irracionales manifiestas por los estudiantes son culpabilización, altas autoexpectativas, influencia del pasado y evitación de problemas, y alrededor de un tercio sufre sintomatología depresiva de moderada a severa. Los estudiantes varones, menores de 31 años, pertenecientes a una universidad privada y que se encuentran solteros son los que tienen más altas creencias irracionales y mayores niveles de depresión, pero solo hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo etario y la sintomatología depresiva. Además, existe relación significativa entre creencias irracionales y cuatro de sus dimensiones (necesidad de aprobación, altas autoexpectativas, culpabilización e influencia del pasado) con sintomatología depresiva. Es urgente que las autoridades universitarias elaboren programas y servicios institucionales que prevengan y promuevan la salud mental, para disminuir los procesos mentales patológicos que pueden desencadenar problemas como el suicidio.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between irrational beliefs and depressive symptoms in university students of Psychology in Honduras. A quantitative approach, a descriptive-correlational scope and a non-experimental correlational cross-sectional design was used. The sample was 257 university students of Psychology from two Honduran universities. For the collection of data, the Irrational Beliefs Test and the Beck-II Depression Inventory were applied. The main irrational beliefs manifested by the students are guilt, high self-expectations, influence of the past and avoidance of problems, and about a third of the students suffer from moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Male students, under 31 years, attending a private university and who are single are those who have the highest irrational beliefs and higher levels of depression, but there is only a statistically significant difference between the age group and depressive symptomatology. In addition, there is a statistically significant relationship between irrational beliefs and four of its dimensions (need for approval, high self-expectations, guilt and influence of the past) with depressive symptoms. It is urgent that university authorities develop programs and institutional services that prevent and promote mental health, to reduce pathological mental processes that can trigger problems such as suicide.
ABSTRACT
The present study analyzes the relationship between maladaptive beliefs, personality traits, and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms by focusing in the mediating role of beliefs in the prediction between personality and psychiatric disorders. The sample consisted of 823 adults aged between 18 and 39 years (M = 24.09, SD = 4.71), who answered a questionnaire of symptoms and beliefs for Borderline Personality Disorder and Big Five Personality Inventory. The predictive model that fit better to the data indicates Neuroticism and Conscientiousness as predictors of Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms, mediated by maladaptive belief patterns. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that both personality traits and maladaptive beliefs are important for the understanding of Borderline Personality Disorder. The theoretical implications of this result and the limitations of the study are discussed.
O presente estudo analisou as relações existentes entre crenças desadaptativas, traços de personalidade e sintomas do Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline, com foco no papel mediador das crenças na relação entre personalidade e transtornos de personalidade. Participaram 823 adultos, idades entre 18 e 39 anos (M = 24,09; DP = 4,71), que responderam a um questionário de sintomas e de crenças para o Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline e ao inventário dos cinco grandes fatores de personalidade. O modelo preditivo que melhor se ajustou aos dados indica Neuroticismo e Conscienciosidade como preditores dos sintomas de Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline, sendo seus efeitos mediados por padrões de crença desadaptativos. Assim, foi possível concluir que tanto os traços de personalidade quanto as crenças desadaptativas são importantes para a compreensão do Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline. As implicações teóricas desse resultado e as limitações do estudo são discutidas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Borderline Personality Disorder , Cognition DisordersABSTRACT
Objective: Apart from environmental and social factors, psychological traits is largely linked with criminal and delinquent behaviour. The purpose of this article is to review four critical psychological traits of individuals that may lead to criminal behaviour in a nutshell. Methods: An archival research methodology was employed in this study where relevant search for literatures on these four psychological traits was made across search engines such as Google Scholar with relevant articles selected for this review. The literatures were microscopically reviewed in order to demonstrate the linkage between psychological traits and criminal behaviour. Results: Four psychological traits: personality trait, low self-control, aggression behaviour, and cognitive distortion were chosen to address such linkages. All these four traits were discussed thoroughly in relation to crime and criminality contexts. Conclusion: It is crucial to understand the role of these traits and in-depth understanding of each psychological trait with relation of criminal behaviour offers and opportunity to the public at large to expand their knowledge on the importance of practicing and equipping oneself with healthy psychological traits to hinder criminal and delinquent acts.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: En el texto se revisa el apuro teórico de la psiquiatría moderna y se plantea como posible alternativa de saneamiento epistemológico un estudio realizado a partir de los beneficios analíticos y críticos flexibilizados por la filosofía de la mente. Objetivo: Mostrar las ventajas teóricas y epistemológicas que se le ofrecen a la psicopatología cuando se toma como fundamento las conceptualizaciones y teorizaciones que germinan desde el paradigma cognitivo. Desarrollo: Se expone la necesidad de propiciar un espacio de análisis meticuloso sobre el cuerpo teórico y conceptual de la psicopatología, como fundamento epistemológico de la psiquiatría. Este análisis se realiza desde el estudio del paradigma cognitivo y, en especial, del paradigma del procesamiento de la información. Para tal fin, se exponen los elementos que conforman y definen el PPI y la manera como éstos se vinculan teóricamente a los vastos y bien documentados conocimientos de la psicopatología descriptiva moderna. Conclusión: Se finaliza con una revisión sobre los presupuestos ontológicos y epistemológicos propios del paradigma cognitivo a partir de las formulaciones actuales en filosofía de la mente...
Introduction: This paper reviews the theoretical jam of modern psychiatry and outlines as a possible alternative of epistemological rehabilitation a study developed from the critical and analytical benefits stemming from philosophy of mind. Objective: To show the theoretical and epistemological advantages offered to psychopathology when conceptualizations and theorizations that stem from the cognitive paradigm are taken as foundations. Development: This analysis is done from the study of the cognitive paradigm and especially from the paradigm of information processing. The elements that conform and define the PIP are exposed, as well as the way that these are theoretically linked to the vast and well documented knowledge of modern descriptive psychopathology. Conclusion: The paper ends with a review of the epistemological and ontological presuppositions characteristic of the cognitive paradigm that arise from current formulations in philosophy of mind...
Subject(s)
Knowledge , PsychopathologyABSTRACT
There are two kinds of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: one is a cognitive deficit, and the other is a cognitive distortion. Cognitive therapy addresses these two issues. First, cognitive deficit means the poor function of attention, information-processing and recalling which may be present as a primary or secondary symptoms. So, the correction of cognitive deficit is important in terms of the rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients and the prevention of illness itself in cognitive-vulnerable candidates. The treatment programs of cognitive deficit are as follows: attention skills training, letter recognition training, reaction-time task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Secondly, cognitive distortion means the irrational thinking processes which occur to those who have a maladaptive schema. As a result of this, lots of psychiatric symptoms including delusions and hallucinations can be explained depending upon what types of schema and irrational thinking have involved. Specific therapeutic techniques are as follows: socratic questioning, peripheral questioning, agreement to differ, tactic withdrawal, alternative explanation, empirical testing and collaborative empiricism. Sound and good therapeutic relationships are essential to the success of cognitive therapy like the other therapeutic approaches. And if we practice cognitive therapy with a systematic manner and impatience, it will be an another valuable therapeutic tool for the management of psychotic symptoms.