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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-222817

ABSTRACT

The process of aging usually accompanied with deterioration of physical and mental abilities resulting in gradual decline in cognitive function and increased risk of cognitive impairment. People experience age related dysfunctions, which is termed as Mild Cognitive Impairment. The values and attitudes exhibited as an impact of social, cultural, economic and environmental conditions and a set of health pertinent behaviour are collectively termed as Lifestyle. Modifiable lifestyle factors are those factors, which inhibit the progression of cognitive decline and can act as an aid to stabilize cognitive health and improve cognitive functioning. The present paper intends to review the inhibitory effect of modifiable lifestyle in cognitive impairment in aged people. An integrated review of literature of about 30 papers ranging from 2004 to 2020 performed from different sources namely Publish or Perish 7, Academia, Research Gate, PubMed, NIH- PA, Science Direct, PloS Medicine etc. Findings of the present review suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors, level of education, leisure activity, and appropriate sleep duration are some important factors that influence cognitive health in later life and reduces the risk of cognitive decline. Further, social isolation, depression, alcohol consumption, and smoking are some factors that act as risk factors and may enhance the progression of MCI. Professionals can intervene with elderly individuals or in a geriatric community by implementing some modifications in lifestyle that in turn may inhibit or delay the progression of cognitive decline. Geriatric health policy can be developed by policy makers considering the modifiable risk factors to manage the problem of cognitive impairment

2.
Rev. inf. cient ; 101(3): e3804, mayo.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409549

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La intervención desde un enfoque neuropsicológico permite conseguir mejoras, aportar estrategias y proponer cambios que impactan el aprendizaje y la salud cognitiva de los participantes. El empleo de videojuegos muestra mejoras en habilidades de dominio general como la memoria de trabajo y de dominio específico como el rendimiento. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del entrenamiento de memoria de trabajo a través del videojuego "Recuérdalo Todo" en el rendimiento académico (matemático y lector), en niños de preescolar y segundo grado. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental en La Habana, Cuba, durante el curso 2018-2019. Participaron 29 niños de preescolar (14 niñas) y 27 niños de segundo grado (8 niñas) que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (recibe entrenamiento con el videojuego) y un grupo control (no recibe el entrenamiento hasta no concluir los pos-test). Fueron evaluados antes y después del entrenamiento con pruebas de procesos de dominio general y rendimiento académico. Resultados: El entrenamiento tuvo una influencia positiva en los procesos de dominio general más que en el rendimiento académico. El tamaño del efecto de intervención en los procesos de dominio general fue medio, lo cual avaló la efectividad. Conclusiones: "Recuérdalo todo" tiene un efecto favorable sobre procesos de dominio general y sobre procesos predictores de la adquisición de la lectura en preescolares, así como en el procesamiento numérico en niños de segundo grado. Esta intervención sobre memoria de trabajo aporta herramientas que pueden contribuir a la preparación de los maestros para optimizar el aprendizaje de los escolares, lo que tiene un impacto en su salud cognitiva.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Intervention method, from a neuropsychological point of view, helps for increasing, giving strategies, and to propose impact changing in learning process and cognitive health of participants. The uses of video games have demonstrated improvements in domain-general skills such as working memory and domain-specific skills as the performance. Objective: Determine the effect of working memory training through the video game "Recuérdalo Todo" on academic performance (mathematics and reading) in Pre-kindergarten and second grade children. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted during the academic year 2018-2019 in Havana, Cuba. A total of 29 pre-kindergarten children (among them 14 girls) and 27 second graders (including 8 girls) were involved. They were randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group which received the working memory training sessions through the video game "Recuérdalo Todo") and a control group which not received the training sessions during that period, but after the post-tests were concluded. They were evaluated before and after training with tests of domain-general processes and academic performance. Results: The training had a positive influence on domain-general processes rather than on academic performance. The effect of this intervention on domain-general processes was medium, which supported its effectiveness. Conclusions: The video game "Recuérdalo Todo" has a favorable effect on domain - general processes of reading in pre-kindergarten children, as well as in the numerical processing for children of second grade. This working memory intervention provides tools that can contribute to the preparation of teachers in order to optimize the schoolchildren learning process with an impact on their cognitive health.


RESUMO Introdução: A intervenção a partir de uma abordagem neuropsicológica permite alcançar melhorias, fornecer estratégias e propor mudanças que impactam na aprendizagem e na saúde cognitiva dos participantes. O uso de videogames mostra melhorias em habilidades de domínio geral, como memória de trabalho, e habilidades de domínio específico, como desempenho. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do treinamento da memória de trabalho por meio do videogame "Recuérdalo Todo" no desempenho acadêmico (matemático e leitura), em crianças da pré-escola e da segunda série. Método: Um estudo quase experimental foi realizado em Havana, Cuba, durante o ano letivo 2018-2019. Os participantes foram 29 crianças pré-escolares (14 meninas) e 27 crianças da segunda série (8 meninas) que foram aleatoriamente designadas para um grupo experimental (recebe treinamento com o videogame) e um grupo controle (não recebe treinamento até que os pós-testes sejam concluídos). Eles foram avaliados antes e após o treinamento com testes de processos de domínio geral e desempenho acadêmico. Resultados: O treinamento influenciou positivamente nos processos de domínio geral mais do que no desempenho acadêmico. O tamanho do efeito da intervenção nos processos de domínio geral foi médio, o que apoiou a eficácia. Conclusões: "Recuérdalo Todo" tem um efeito favorável nos processos de domínio geral e nos processos preditivos de aquisição de leitura em pré-escolares, bem como no processamento numérico em crianças do segundo ano. Esta intervenção na memória de trabalho fornece ferramentas que podem contribuir para a preparação dos professores para otimizar a aprendizagem dos escolares, o que tem impacto na sua saúde cognitiva.

3.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 13(2): 39-45, dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100333

ABSTRACT

Desde hace relativamente poco tiempo, se observa un incremento en el número de investigaciones dedicadas a examinar las variables potenciadoras de la salud cognitiva. Este movimiento emergente ha sido denominado como Neuropsicología Positiva (NP). La NP ha sido definida como la orientación práctica y académica enfocada en el estudio y la promoción de la salud cognitiva. La presente revisión teórica, presenta los orígenes de la neuropsicología positiva y sus dominios teórico-metodológicos. Adicionalmente, se discuten evidencias empíricas a favor de este enfoque neuropsicológico. Se realizó un estudio teórico de tipo clásico, seleccionando de manera direccionada los artículos pertinentes a la temática, utilizando como bases de datos primarias a Scopus, Medline y PsycINFO. Como conclusión fundamental, se señala que la promoción de salud cognitiva debe considerar la integración de varios métodos orientados a potenciar el funcionamiento cerebral óptimo, maximizando el rendimiento cognitivo en individuos con limitaciones neuropsicológicas y también en personas cognitivamente sanas.


Since relatively recently, there has been an increase in the number of investigations devoted to examining the cognitive health enhancing variables. This emerging movement has been termed as Positive Neuropsychology (PN). PN has been defined as the practical and academic orientation focused on the study and promotion of cognitive health. The present theoretical review presents the origins of positive neuropsychology and its theoretical-methodological domains. Additionally, empirical evidence in favor of this neuropsychological approach is discussed. A classic theoretical study was carried out, selecting in a targeted manner the articles pertinent to the subject, using as primary databases Scopus, Medline and PsycINFO. As a main conclusion, it is pointed out that the promotion of cognitive health should consider the integration of several methods aimed at enhancing the optimal cerebral functioning, maximizing cognitive performance in individuals with neuropsychological limitations and also in cognitively healthy people.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Positive , Neuropsychology , Mindfulness
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901558

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad existe un aumento exponencial en el número de personas que reciben diagnóstico de demencia cada año. Sin embargo el control de determinados factores de riesgo en la población general podría reducir significativamente la tasa global de pacientes que presentan declive cognitivo o algún tipo de demencia (incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer). Esta realidad convierte a la promoción de salud cognitiva en un campo prioritario desde el cual deben diseñarse acciones encaminadas a potencias el bienestar cognitivo global con énfasis en el envejecimiento. De esta manera el objetivo de este material es discutir un grupo de premisas y dimensiones que deben considerarse para la concepción, diseño e implementación de programas orientados a la promoción de salud cognitiva y la prevención de demencias. Se propone que el diseño de programas orientados a la promoción de salud cognitiva y la prevención de demencias pueden concebirse partiendo de tres dimensiones principales: a) exploración de creencias y conocimiento general, b) educativo-formativo e c) investigación-implementación. La promoción de salud cognitiva está llamada a convertirse en un importante recurso para reducir el declive cognitivo patológico y el riesgo de padecer demencias. Para alcanzar este objetivo la salud cognitiva y prevención de demencias deben constituir una prioridad dentro de los sistemas de salud (y de los profesionales que los integran), concretándose en el diseño de programas dirigidos a reducir los factores de riesgos relacionados con el deterioro cognitivo patológico, y la implementación de intervenciones en función del bien público(AU)


Nowadays, there is an exponential increase in the number of people diagnosed with dementia every year. However, control of certain risk factors in general population could significantly reduce the overall rate of patients with cognitive decline or some form of dementia (including Alzheimer's disease). This reality turns cognitive health´s promotion into a priority field from which actions should be designed to encourage the overall cognitive wellbeing with an emphasis in aging. The objective of this paperwork is to discuss a group of premises and dimensions that must be considered for the conception, design and implementation of programs oriented to cognitive health´s promotions and the prevention of dementias. It is proposed that the design of programs oriented to the promotion of cognitive health and the prevention of dementias can be conceived from three main dimensions: a) exploration of beliefs and general knowledge, b) educational-formative and c) research-implementation. The promotion of cognitive health is called to become an important resource to reduce pathological cognitive decline and the risk of dementias. To achieve this goal, Cognitive Health and Dementia Prevention must be a priority within the health systems (and the professionals that integrate them), focusing on the design of programs aimed to reduce the risk factors related to pathological cognitive impairment , and the implementation of interventions in function of the public good(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dementia/prevention & control , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Cognitive Aging/psychology , Health Promotion/standards , Risk Factors
5.
Pediatr. mod ; 50(11)nov. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-740849

ABSTRACT

A presente investigação teve como objetivo analisar a relação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória e atenção (um dos fatores do controle executivo). Para tal a amostra foi composta de 20 indivíduos, com idade entre 7 e 11 anos, selecionados intencionalmente, com participação voluntária, dentro de uma população de alunos frequentes nos projetos realizados na UCB-DF. As crianças foram submetidas a um teste de esforço máximo em esteira para determinar o VO2máx e ao teste de Flanker, adaptado para mensuração do tempo de reação. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, o teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov e Smirnov, no intuito de observar o comportamento normal dos dados; além disso, para a análise inferencial foi realizada a Regressão Linear Simples, para associar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2máx) com as variáveis da atenção, obtidas através dos estímulos congruentes, incongruentes e neutros, ocorridas durante o teste de Flanker adaptado. Os resultados da regressão linear apontam para uma correlação positiva e significativa, que variou de moderada a alta, entre VO2máx x estímulos congruentes (R2= 0,366; r=0,605; p=0,005), para VO2máx x estímulos incongruentes (R2= 0,423; r=0,650; p=0,002) e VO2máx x estímulos neutros (R2= 0,592; r=0,769; P=0,001). Observa-se, através dos resultados desta pesquisa, que o consumo máximo de oxigênio (principal variável da aptidão física relacionada à saúde) se associa positivamente ao desempenho no teste de atenção e tem poder de explicação de 30% a 60% no desempenho da atenção em crianças em idade escolar.

6.
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society ; : 61-68, 2009.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-78392

ABSTRACT

The increasing number of persons with dementia poses a serious threat to public health in an aging society. Efforts to curb the rising prevalence of dementia have directed attention to health promotion as a viable strategy for delaying dementia onset and maintaining cognitive function in later life. For the latter purpose, public recommendations were developed based on a systematic review of the literature. Significant lifestyle variables found to predict cognitive function and dementia in later life were physical activity, non-smoking, social activity, cognitive activity, moderate alcohol consumption, normal body weight (BMI), and healthy nutrition and diet (fish, vegetables, fruits, vitamin C and E, etc.). Cognitive health recommendations were developed and named PASCAL, an acronym for (1) Physical activity, (2) Anti-smoking, (3) Social activity, (4) Cognitive activity, (5) Alcohol drinking in moderation, and (6) Lean body mass and healthy diet. These recommendations can be used to educate the public and raise awareness in health professionals to the important role a healthy lifestyle plays in maintaining cognitive health in later life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aging , Alcohol Drinking , Ascorbic Acid , Dementia , Diet , Fruit , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Ideal Body Weight , Life Style , Motor Activity , Prevalence , Public Health , Vegetables
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