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1.
CoDAS ; 36(1): e20220309, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520727

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose To address the need for a standardized assessment tool for assessing cognitive-communication abilities among Indian preschoolers, the current study aimed at describing a Delphi based development and validation process for developing one such tool. The objectives of the research were to conceptualize and construct the tool, validate its content, and assess its feasibility through pilot testing. Methods The study followed a Delphi approach to develop and validate the tool across four phases i.e. conceptualization; construction; content validation; and pilot testing. The first three phases were performed with a panel of six experts including speech-language pathologists and preschool teachers while the pilot testing was done with 20 typically developing preschoolers. A literature review was also conducted with the Delphi rounds to support the developmental process. Results The first two rounds of the Delphi aided in the construction of a culturally and linguistically suitable story-based cognitive-communication assessment tool with the memory (free recall, recognition, and literary recall) and executive function (reasoning, inhibition, and switching) related tasks relevant for preschoolers. The content validation of the tool was continued with the experts till the revisions were satisfactory and yielded an optimum Content Validity Index. The pilot test of the finalized version confirmed its feasibility and appropriateness to assess developmental changes in the cognitive-communication abilities of preschoolers. Conclusion The study describes the Delphi-based conceptualization, construction, content validation, and feasibility check of a tool to assess cognitive-communication skills in preschool children.

2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 38(2): 98-105, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383403

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN NTRODUCCIÓN: Para ser útiles, las pruebas cognitivas breves (PCB) deben ser rápidas, sensibles, fáciles de realizar y no necesitar de un gran entrenamiento para hacerlo. Las pruebas cognitivas breves comúnmente utilizadas incluyen el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE) y la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA). OBJETIVO: Brindar una descripción de las PCB disponibles y sus propiedades psicométricas para la detección de la demencia. MÉTODOS: Revisión narrativa RESULTADOS: El MMSE le otorga un gran peso a la orientación, la memoria, la visuo-espacialidad y el lenguaje, y, en consecuencia, puede ser sensible a los déficits cognitivos encontrados en la demencia tipo Alzheimer. MoCA es una prueba breve más compleja que evalúa una gama más amplia de dominios cognitivos, especialmente funciones ejecutivas, proporcionando una mayor sensibilidad para detectar el deterioro cognitivo leve y otros tipos de demencia, no solo la demencia tipo Alzheimer. CONCLUSIONES: Las PCB son parte del arsenal necesario para ayudar a confirmar la sospecha de la demencia. La escolaridad tiene un impacto importante en el desempeño de las PCB y puede sesgar la interpretación de los resultados obtenidos.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: To be useful, Brief Cognitive Tests (BCTs) must be fast, sensitive, easy to perform, and not require extensive training to do so. Commonly used brief cognitive tests include the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). OBJECTIVE: To provide a description of the available BCTs and their psychometric properties for the detection of dementia. METHODS: Narrative review RESULTS: The MMSE places great weight on orientation, memory, visuospatiality, and language, and, consequently, may be sensitive to the cognitive deficits found in Alzheimer's dementia. MoCA is a more complex brief test that assesses a broader range of cognitive domains, especially executive functions, providing greater sensitivity for detecting mild cognitive impairment and other types of dementia, not just Alzheimer's dementia. CONCLUSIONS: BCTs are part of the arsenal needed to help confirm suspected dementia. Schooling has an important impact on the performance of BCTs and can bias the interpretation of the results obtained.


Subject(s)
Dementia , Alzheimer Disease , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Neuropsychological Tests
3.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 14(2): 134-144, Apr.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133623

ABSTRACT

Abstract. Brief cognitive tests (BCTs) are necessary for early detection of cognitive impairment, particularly in primary care settings. Objective: This report describes a systematic review of BCTs evaluated in Peruvian populations. Methods: We used systematic mapping techniques to identify articles on screening tests for cognitive impairment involving Peruvian subjects. We included studies published in English and Spanish up to 2018. We reviewed 6 reference databases within the Virtual Health Library network, as well as the Web of Science, Scopus (MEDLINE), and EMBASE databases. Results: Ten out of 447 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies included both outpatient (9) and community-based (2) samples. Eligibility criteria of the studies were similar. Although different protocols were applied, the diagnostic criteria were standardized. For discrimination between dementia and controls, IFS (AUC: 0.99) and ACE (AUC: 0.95 to 1.00) showed superior performance, as did the M@T (AUC: 1.00) and CDT-Mv (AUC: 0.94 to 1.00) for discriminating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls. Conclusion: The available evidence is limited. However, our analysis of national data suggests that the ACE may be a good choice whenever it can be applied to Peruvian patients. Alternatively, the M@T and IFS can be used for screening patients with suspected AD or FTD, respectively.


Resumo. Testes cognitivos breves (TCBs) são necessários para a detecção precoce do comprometimento cognitivo, particularmente nos serviços de atenção primária. Objetivo: Este artigo descreve uma revisão sistemática dos TCBs avaliados em populações peruanas. Métodos: Utilizamos técnicas de mapeamento sistemático para identificar artigos sobre testes de triagem para comprometimento cognitivo envolvendo indivíduos peruanos. Incluímos estudos publicados em inglês e espanhol até 2018. Revisamos 6 bancos de dados de referência na rede da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e no Web of Science; Scopus (MEDLINE) e banco de dados EMBASE. Resultados: Dez dos 447 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os estudos incluíram amostras ambulatoriais (9) e comunitárias (2). Os critérios de elegibilidade entre os estudos foram semelhantes. Embora os diferentes protocolos tenham sido aplicados, os critérios diagnósticos foram padronizados. Para a discriminação entre demência e controles, INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) (AUC: 0.99), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) (AUC: 0.95 to 1.00) mostraram desempnho superior, assim como o Memory Alteration Test (M@T) (AUC: 1.00) o Desenho do relógio (CDT-Mv) (AUC: 0,94 a 1,00) para discriminação entre a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e os controles. Conclusão: As evidências disponíveis são limitadas. No entanto, nossa análise com dados nacionais sugere que o ACE pode ser uma boa opção sempre que possível com pacientes peruanos. Alternativamente, o M @ T e o IFS podem ser usados ​​para rastrear pacientes com suspeita de DA ou DFT, respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction , Dementia , Frontotemporal Dementia , Alzheimer Disease , Mental Status and Dementia Tests
4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 4(3)set. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-560271

ABSTRACT

Language problems in the elderly with AD are due to the fact that deterioration occurs not only in semantic memory, but in a group of cognitive factors, evidenced by a deficiency in search strategies for linguistic information. Objectives: To evaluate phrase repetition in two cognitive tests, the MMSE and MoCA, in a group of Alzheimer disease patients (AD) and normal controls. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted involving 20 patients who sought medical assistance at a geriatric institute in Jundiaí, São Paulo. The subjects underwent a detailed clinical examination and neuropsychometric evaluation. All subjects with AD met DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Ten patients received a diagnosis of AD and 10 were healthy subjects, forming the control group (CG). Results: All participants correctly answered the phrase from the MMSE (phrase 1). The MoCA phrases (phrases 2 and 3) were correct in 80% and 90%, respectively in the CG and in 40% and 50%, respectively in the AD group. Conclusions: The MoCA test proved more effective in evaluating the echoic behavior in AD patients compared to the MMSE. The simpler phrase repetition task in the MMSE was found to be less sensitive in detecting mild language decline in AD patients.


As dificuldades com a linguagem em idosos com Alzheimer (DA) se devem ao fato de que a deterioração não está relacionada apenas à memória semântica, mas um conjunto de fatores cognitivos, os quais demonstram a deficiência nas estratégias de busca de informações lingüísticas. Objetivos: Avaliar a repetição de frases em dois testes cognitivos (MEEM e MoCA), em um grupo de participantes normais e outro com o diagnóstico de DA. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 20 pacientes que procuraram o serviço de saúdo no instituto de geriatria em Jundiaí, São Paulo. Os participantes passaram por anamnese clínica detalhada e avaliação neuropsicométrica. O grupo de participantes com diagnóstico de DA foi feito pelos critérios do DSM-IV e NINCDS-ADRDA. Dez pacientes receberam o diagnóstico de DA e 10 como participantes normais, formando o grupo controle (GC). Resultados: Todos os participantes responderam corretamente a frase do MEEM. As frases do MoCA (frase 2 e 3) foram corretas em 80% e 90% respectivamente no GC. O grupo com DA respondeu corretamente 40% e 50% respectivamente. Conclusões: O teste MoCA mostrou ser mais eficiente em avaliar o comportamento verbal ecóico em pacientes com DA quando comparados ao MEEM. A simples repetição de frase no MEEM mostrou ser menos sensível para detectar declínio leve de linguagem em pacientes com DA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Cognition , Dementia , Language , Verbal Behavior
5.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 50(4): 362-367, jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557959

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO/OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência do comprometimento da habilidade verbal e possíveis fatores associados em pacientes portadores de Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico Juvenil (LESJ). PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 36 crianças e adolescentes com LESJ, de um grupo de 57 pacientes, do Ambulatório de Reumatologia do Departamento de Pediatria e Clínica Médica da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. Por ocasião do diagnóstico e do estudo, foram analisados aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, socioeconômicos e de escolaridade. Os pacientes foram submetidos a testes cognitivos e exames laboratoriais, e foram avaliadas medidas de atividade da doença (SLEDAI) e do dano cumulativo (SLICC-DI) e o tratamento com corticoesteroide. Os pacientes foram submetidos a testes cognitivos (escalas Weschler de inteligência: WISC III e WAISS III), e os resultados foram avaliados de acordo com os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, laboratoriais e terapêuticos. RESULTADOS: A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 11,2 ± 2 anos, a idade na época do estudo de 15,4 ± 4,7 anos, com 89 por cento do sexo feminino. Houve predomínio de pacientes da classe socioeconômica C (61,1 por cento). O comprometimento cognitivo detectado nesses pacientes foi frequente (58,3 por cento), sendo o comprometimento da habilidade verbal um dos domínios cognitivos mais constantes. Encontrou-se associação do comprometimento da habilidade verbal com baixa condição socioeconômica e dano cumulativo (P < 0,05), mas não com atividade da doença, presença de autoanticorpos e dose de corticoesteroide (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Alteração da habilidade verbal é frequente no LESJ e está associada à condição socioeconômica e ao dano cumulativo, devendo ser suspeitada e investigada, principalmente por se tratar de pacientes pediátricos, para que não haja comprometimento da qualidade de vida na fase adulta. Como não está relacionado à atividade da doença ou à presença de autoanticorpos, deve ser sempre avaliado na presença ou não desses fatores. Da mesma forma, deve-se avaliar independentemente das doses de corticoesteroide por não haver associação.


INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the frequency of verbal ability impairment and associated factors in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross sectional study of 36 children and adolescents with JSLE of a group of 57 patients at the Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics and Medical Clinic of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. At the time of diagnosis and study, we analyzed the following epidemiological features: clinical, socioeconomic, and educational level. Patients underwent cognitive and laboratory tests and we assessed disease activity (SLEDAI), cumulative damage (SLICC-DI), and treatment with corticosteroids. The patients underwent cognitive tests (Wechsler Intelligence Scales: WISC III and Waiss III), and the results were evaluated according to epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment features. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 11.2 ± 2 years and at the time of the study the mean age was 15.4 ± 4.7 years. There was predominance of women (89 percent) and of socioeconomic class C patients (61.1 percent). The cognitive impairment found in these patients was frequent (58.3 percent), affecting more often the verbal ability. We found association of verbal ability impairment with low socioeconomic status and cumulative damage (P < 0.05), but not with disease activity, presence of autoantibodies, and dose of corticosteroids (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Change in verbal ability is frequent in JSLE and is associated with socioeconomic status and cumulative damage, and should be suspected and investigated, particularly in pediatric patients to avoid quality of life impairment in adulthood. As it is not related with disease activity or presence of autoantibodies, it should always be assessed in the presence or absence of these factors. Likewise, the doses of corticosteroids should be independently evaluated.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Speech Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2a): 185-190, June 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517026

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine which combination of cognitive tests and informant reports can improve the diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening in low educated older people. METHOD: Patients with mild to moderate dementia (n=34) according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria and 59 older controls were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME). Informants were assessed using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and the Bayer-Activities of Daily Living Scale. RESULTS: The 4 instruments combined with the mixed rule correctly classified 100 percent and the logistic regression (weighted sum) classified 95.7 percent of subjects. The weighted sum had a significantly larger ROC area compared to MMSE (p=0.008) and FOME (p=0.023). The specificity of the tested combinations was superior to the MMSE alone (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive tests combined with informant reports can improve the screening of mild to moderate dementia in low educated older people.


OBJETIVO: Determinar qual combinação de testes cognitivos e avaliações do informante pode melhorar o rastreio de demência em idosos com baixo nível educacional. MÉTODO: Pacientes com demência leve a moderada (n=34) de acordo com critérios da CID-10 e DSM-III-R, e 59 controles idosos foram avaliados com o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e com o "Fuld Object Memory Evaluation" (FOME). Informantes foram avaliados com o "Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly" e a escala Bayer-Atividades da Vida Diária. RESULTADOS: Os quatro instrumentos combinados com a regra mista classificaram 100 por cento e a regressão logística (soma ponderada) classificou 95,7 por cento dos sujeitos. A soma ponderada teve uma área da curva ROC significativamente maior comparada ao MEEM (p=0,008) e FOME (p=0,023). A especificidade das combinações testadas foi superior ao MEEM isolado (p=0,002). CONCLUSÕES: Testes cognitivos combinados com relatos dos informantes podem melhorar o rastreio de demência leve a moderada em idosos com baixo nível educacional.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dementia/diagnosis , Educational Status , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Neuropsychological Tests , Activities of Daily Living , Case-Control Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Surveys and Questionnaires
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