La protesta social en ecuador en octubre 2019: entre la disputa de modelo, la judicialización y el reconocimiento

Este artículo presenta una perspectiva analítica y crítica sobre las protestas sociales vividas en Ecuador en octubre 2019, basada en la investigación de fuentes originales a las que la autora tuvo acceso como parlamentaria y coordinadora del Grupo Parlamentario de Derechos Humanos en el momento de estos acontecimientos y que permite situar los hechos en la visión de sus diversos actores tanto estatales como desde la sociedad. Analizamos sus contenidos, discursos y narrativas, el papel de las redes sociales y los medios digitales en dicha protesta. Reflexionamos sobre los indicadores de cohesión social versus la conflictividad y fractura en una sociedad como la ecuatoriana y las consecuencias negativas de la criminalización de la protesta, frente a la urgencia de atender a sus causas más estructurales y sus aportes críticos al modelo de desarrollo de la sociedad.

This article presents an analytical and critical perspective on the social protests experienced in Ecuador in October 2019. A perspective based on original sources to which the author had access as a parliamentarian and coordinator of the Human Rights parliamentary group at the time of these events and that allows place the facts in the perspective of its various actors, both state and from society. We analyze its contents, speeches and narratives, the role of social networks and digital media in that protest. We reflect on the indicators of social cohesion versus the conflict and fracture in a society like the Ecuadorian one; and, the negative consequences of the criminalization of protest in the face of the urgency of addressing its most structural causes and its critical contributions to the development model of society.

Effect of parent-child cohesion on internalizing problems of junior high school students: the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of sibling relationships / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of self-esteem and sibling relationships on the links of parental cohesion and internalizing problems in junior high school students based on the family system theory.Methods:A total of 565 junior high school students were investigated with the sibling relationship questionnaire, parent-child cohesion questionnaire, self-esteem scale and internalizing problems questionnaire from April to June 2021.SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis.PROCESS was used to examine the mediating and moderating effect.Results:Maternal-child cohesion was positively correlated with self-esteem and sibling warmth ( r=0.36, 0.58, both P<0.01), while it was negatively correlated with internalizing problems and sibling conflict ( r=-0.29, -0.25, both P<0.01). Similarly, paternal-child cohesion was positively correlated with self-esteem and sibling warmth ( r=0.37, 0.51, both P<0.01), and it was negatively correlated with internalizing problems and sibling conflict ( r=-0.36, -0.21, both P<0.01). The self-esteem played a partial mediating role between maternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems ( β=-0.09, 95% CI=-0.14--0.05), and the mediating value was 30.13%.The self-esteem also played a partial mediating role between paternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems ( β=-0.07, 95% CI=-0.11--0.04), and the mediating value was 25.36%.Sibling warmth could improve the positive effect of maternal-child cohesion on self-esteem ( β=0.06, 95% CI=0.01-0.11), while could offset the negative effects of low level of maternal-child cohesion against the internalizing problems ( β=0.10, 95% CI=0.04-0.16). But sibling conflict did not significantly predict the effects of maternal-child cohesion on self-esteem and internalizing problems.Similarly, sibling warmth could improve the positive effect of paternal-child cohesion on self-esteem ( β=0.05, 95% CI=0.01-0.09), while could offset the negative effects of low level of paternal-child cohesion against the internalizing problems ( β=0.09, 95% CI=0.03-0.15). But sibling conflict could reduce the positive impact of paternal-child cohesion and self-esteem ( β=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.09--0.01), while had no effect on the impact of paternal-child cohesion and internalizing problems. Conclusion:Parent-child cohesion not only directly affects the internalizing problems, but also indirectly affects the internalizing problems through the self-esteem.Positive parent-child cohesion and sibling warmth relationships can improve the individual's self-esteem level and reduce the internalizing problems.

Preventive role of community-level social capital in the need for long-term care and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living: a multilevel analysis

BACKGROUND@#Individual-level social capital is an important determinant of older adults' long-term care needs; however, there is scant evidence regarding community-level social capital. Therefore, we investigated the association between community-level social capital and the prevalence of the need for long-term care among older adults.@*METHODS@#Between January and February 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among all older adults (n = 13,558) aged 65 to 74 years in a rural municipality in Japan (total population, n = 72,833). A self-reported questionnaire was used to identify community-level social capital, comprising civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios of the need for long-term care and a decline in social activity competence as assessed by instrumental activities of daily living. For the analysis, the community levels were divided into 76 voting districts and adjusted for daily life, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and the three social capital subscale scores at the individual level.@*RESULTS@#After adjusting for the covariates, we observed a tendency that a higher community level of reciprocity was associated with a lower prevalence of long-term care needs (OR: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.00), whereas a high community level of social cohesion was associated with a significantly reduced decline in instrumental activities of daily living (OR per standard deviation increase: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.96). No significant association was found with civic participation. Similarly, individual-level social capital was associated with the need for long-term care and decline in instrumental activities of daily living.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings suggest that good community-level reciprocity or social cohesion as well as good individual social capital status may help prevent the need for long-term care among older adults.

Association of Family Cohesion and Adaptability with Eating Behaviors of Preschoolers / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo examine the current status of preschoolers' eating behaviors and investigate its correlation with family cohesion and adaptability. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 21，954 preschoolers and their families from Pingshan District， Shenzhen， between September 2021 and December 2021. A general demographic questionnaire， the Chinese version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ （FACESⅡ-CV） and Chinese Preschoolers’ Eating Behavior Questionnaire （CPEBQ） were used to collect the relevant information. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of family cohesion and adaptability with eating behaviors of preschoolers. ResultsTypes of family cohesion and adaptability were significantly correlated with all the 7 dimensions of preschoolers' eating behaviors， including food fussiness （R2=0.252， F=114.457， P<0.001）， food responsiveness （R2 = 0.111， F =24.973， P<0.001）， eating habit （R2= 0.304， F =139.658， P<0.001）， satiety responsiveness （R2 = 0.259， F =105.332， P<0.001）， external eating （R2 = 0.182， F =50.150， P<0.001）， emotional eating （R2 = 0.234， F =91.084， P<0.001） and initiative eating （R2 = 0.349， F =168.608， P<0.001）. After adjusting for confounding factors， our study showed that types of family cohesion and adaptability were independent predictors of preschoolers' eating behaviors （P<0.05）. ConclusionsTypes of family cohesion and adaptability have a significant predictive effect on the 7 dimensions of preschoolers' eating behaviors. Higher scores of family cohesion and adaptability imply stronger initiative eating ability and less poor dietary behaviors in preschoolers.

The role of the relationship with the coach in the group environment of school sports / El papel de la relación con el entrenador en el entorno grupal de los deportes escolares

Abstract The relationship between coach and athlete has been identified as a key factor for several positive outcomes in the sports context. Thus, the aims of this study were to analyze the association between the quality of the coach-athlete relation ship (CAR) and the perception of team cohesion of youth athletes. Participants were 301 athletes, aged 15 to 17 years, who participated in the School Games of Pernambuco, Brazil. The instruments used were the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Data analysis was conducted through the Structural Equation Modeling (p< .05). The results showed that the quality of CAR showed a significant association (p<.05) with team cohesion, explaining 25% of the variance of task cohesion and 15% of social cohesion. Specifically, the effect of CAR on task (β = 0.50) and social (β = 0.39) cohesion was significant (p<.05) and positive. It was concluded that the quality of CAR is a key factor for the engagement of the adolescent with the teamwork and its goals as well as for the de velopment of positive interpersonal relationships.

Resumen La relación entre entrenador y atleta ha sido identificada como un factor determinante para varios resultados positivos en el contexto deportivo. Por lo tanto, los objetivos del estudio fueron analizar la asociación entre la calidad de la relación en trenador-atleta (CAR) y la percepción de la cohesión del equipo de los atletas jóvenes. Participaron 301 atletas, de 15 a 17 años, que compitieron en los Juegos Escolares de Pernambuco, Brasil. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Relación Entrenador-Atleta (CART-Q) y el Cuestionario de Ambiente Grupal (GEQ). El análisis de los datos se realizó a través del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (p <.05). Los resultados mostraron que la calidad de la CAR mostró una asociación significativa (p <.05) con la cohesión del equipo, explicando el 25% de la varianza de la cohesión de la tarea y el 15% de la cohesión social. Específicamente, el efecto de CAR en la cohesión de tareas (β = 0.50) y social (β = 0.39) fue significativo (p <.05) y positivo. Se concluyó que la calidad de CAR es un factor clave para el compromiso del adolescente con el trabajo en equipo y las metas de este, así como para el desarrollo de relaciones interpersonales positivas.

Social and personal control, legitimacy of authorities, and social cohesion as protective factors of anti-sociality in adolescents / Control social y personal, legitimidad de las autoridades y cohesión social como factores protectores de la conducta antisocial en adolescentes

Abstract Law can shape individual and social behavior in different ways including through perceived control and legitimacy of authorities. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether legitimacy of authorities, social and personal control, and social cohesion influence antisocial behaviors in juvenile offenders. The study, included a sample of two hundred juvenile offenders in Mexico, used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the perception of just treatment by police and judges (i.e., legitimacy) and social and personal control and outcomes of antisocial behaviors and tendencies (self-report and probability of antisocial behavior as well as reports of peer antisocial behavior). Results indicate legitimacy of authorities and personal control had a negative effect while social control showed a positive effect on these behaviors. Social cohesion had a positive effect on social control. Our results suggest that legitimacy of authorities and personal control act as protective factors against antisocial behaviors whereas, contrary to the expected results, social control may be a risk factor. This research highlights the importance of preventative protective efforts in juvenile offenders such as just treatment and development of personal control rather than the use of punitive processes. In this sense, it is important to consider alternatives for judicial involvement and punishment such as community programs as well as cognitive and emotional prevention and intervention efforts to reduce antisocial behaviors. Programs such as the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program, other cognitive skill interventions as well as developmental prevention programs have shown efficacy.

Resumen La ley puede modelar la conducta de diferentes maneras, consecuentemente, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la legitimidad, el control social y personal, y la cohesión social en la conducta antisocial de jóvenes infractores. Doscientos menores infractores en México contestaron un cuestionario realizado para este estudio. Los datos fueron analizados a través de ecuaciones estructurales. Cuatro factores fueron especificados: Legitimidad de las autoridades, relacionada con la percepción de tratamiento justo por parte de policías y jueces. Disuasión y norma social conformaron la variable de control social. Orientación al futuro, normas personales y autodeterminación integraron la variable de control personal. La variable conducta antisocial resultó del autoreporte respecto a la conducta antisocial y la probabilidad de conducta antisocial, y del reporte de la conducta antisocial de los amigos. Los resultados indicaron un efecto negativo de la legitimidad y el control personal y uno positivo del control social en la conducta antisocial. La cohesión social tuvo un efecto positivo en el control social. Contrario a lo esperado el control social tuvo un efecto positivo en la conducta antisocial. Por lo tanto, se deben considerar alternativas al "tratamiento" en internamiento (cárcel), ya que la disuasión y el castigo no producen los efectos esperados de retraer a los adolescentes de que cometan delitos. La alternativa pudiera ser los programas de tratamiento comunitarios, así como programas de prevención e intervención que contemplen aspectos emocionales y cognitivos.

Comunicación y cohesión en familias de adolescentes que interrumpen el embarazo en Cienfuegos / Communication and cohesion in families of adolescents who interrupt pregnancy in Cienfuegos city

RESUMEN Fundamento: La comunicación y cohesión constituyen categorías fundamentales en la dinámica de las familias con hijas adolescentes embarazadas. Objetivo: Determinar el tipo de comunicación y cohesión en familias de adolescentes que interrumpen el embarazo. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 40 adolescentes embarazadas y sus familiares. Se aplicaron las siguientes técnicas: Escala valorativa, test de percepción de funcionamiento familiar, subescala de cohesión familiar y escudo familiar; además de una entrevista semiestructurada a familiares de las adolescentes. Se incluyeron las variables: sociodemográficas, comunicación familiar y cohesión. Resultados: Predominaron las edades de 16 y 18 años, el nivel medio superior de escolaridad, ocupación estudiante, unión consensual, procedencia urbana, sin hijos, ni antecedentes de embarazos anteriores, el 57.5 % de las adolescentes y el 65 % de sus familiares consideraron regular la comunicación familiar, 62.5 % de las adolescentes percibieron cohesión intermedia en sus familias, resultados cercanos al 57.5 % de sus familiares. Conclusiones: Las adolescentes se encontraban en la etapa tardía, eran estudiantes, mantenían unión consensual con sus parejas, no tenían hijos, ni embarazos anteriores. En las familias de las adolescentes que interrumpieron el embarazo la comunicación fue regular y valoraron como intermedia la cohesión.

ABSTRACT Background: Communication and cohesion constitute fundamental categories in the dynamics of families with pregnant teenage daughters. Objective: to determine the type of communication and cohesion in families of adolescents who interrupt the pregnancy. Methodology: A descriptive observational study was carried out in 40 adolescent pregnant women and their families. The following techniques were applied: Assessment scale, test of perception of family functioning, subscale of family cohesion and family coat of arms; besides the semi-structured interview with relatives of the adolescents, other variables were included like: sociodemographic, family communication and cohesion. Results: The ages of 16 and 18 predominated, the upper middle level of schooling, student occupation, consensual union, urban origin, no children, no history of previous pregnancies, 57.5 % of adolescents and 65 % of their relatives considered regulate family communication, 62.5 % of adolescents perceived intermediate cohesion in their families, results close to 57.5 % of their relatives. Conclusions: The adolescents were in the late stage, they were students, they maintained consensual union with their partners, they had no children, nor previous pregnancies. In the families of the adolescents who terminated their pregnancies, communication was regular and they rated cohesion as intermediate.

A saúde pública para além do debate entre direito e meritocracia / Public health beyond the debate between law and meritocracy

Este artigo discute a ressignificação de parte da saúde pública a partir da realidade posta pela COVID-19. Na primeira parte, é tratada a evolução da concepção da saúde como um direito, inserido no âmbito da seguridade social, em diversos países, desde o final do século XIX. Na segunda, são apontadas as críticas do pensamento neoliberal aos gastos públicos com a saúde, desde a crise dos anos 1970. Já na terceira, apresentamos os argumentos que nos levam a defender que parte da saúde pública pode estar sendo ressignificada, para além do direito cidadão ou meritocrático. Entre esses argumentos, destacamos que, a crise econômica e sanitária que acompanhou o avanço da COVID-19, ao deixar claro que esta não será a última pandemia que iremos enfrentar, recolocou a saúde pública no centro da discussão, mas agora como elemento chave para a garantia da soberania nacional e da coesão social, essenciais à continuidade do processo de acumulação na mundialização do capital. Para isso, foi feita revisão da literatura de textos que colocam o acesso à saúde a partir de uma perspectiva histórica crítica e acompanhamento dos desdobramentos da crise sanitária decorrente da COVID-19

This article discusses the redefinition of a portion of public health policies in view of the new reality established by COVID-19. The first part deals with the evolution of the concept of health as a right since the end of the 19th century, within the scope of social security in several countries. The second part discusses the criticisms made by neoliberal thinking to public spending on health kicked off by the 1970s crisis. In the third part, we defend that part of public health may be in the process of being reframed, beyond the concepts of civil rights or meritocracy. Among these arguments, we highlight that, by making it clear that this will not be the last pandemic we will face, the economic and health crisis that accompanied the advance of COVID-19 has brought back public health at the center of the discussion, now placed as a key element for the guarantee of national sovereignty and social cohesion. These are essential for the continuity of the accumulation process with the globalization of capital. To this end, this article presents a literature review that analyzes both the access to healthcare from a critical historical perspective and the monitoring of the consequences of the health crisis resulting from COVID-19

Psychometric properties of the FACES IV package for Spanish adolescents

The family plays an essential role in the life of an adolescent. Hence, an acceptable understanding and an evaluation of family functioning is fundamental for effective interventions with adolescents in the psychological, social, and educational fields. The main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Family Communication Scale (FCS), and the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), for assessing the family functioning of Spanish adolescents. The sample was comprised of 1187 adolescents between 14 ?18 years old (49.96% boys and 50.04% girls; M = 16.17; SD = 1.31) from Castile and Leon (Spain), selected from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers for adolescents with either family or behavioral problems. The scales of Balanced Cohesion, Balanced Flexibility and Disengaged showed good convergent validity, while Enmeshed, Rigid, and Chaotic did not. For this reason some items were removed, obtaining a shortened version of FACES IV, that demonstrated acceptable reliability, and good convergent and predictive validity. The FCS and FSS scales yielded excellent psychometric properties. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the FACES IV, its transcultural applicability, and its validity for different ages. The hypotheses of the circumplex model were confirmed, except for the dysfunctionality of two scales, Enmeshed and Rigid, that contrary to what was expected, showed positive correlations with Family Communication, Family Satisfaction, Balanced Cohesion, and Balanced Flexibility. In brief, our results present the FACES IV package as a useful instrument for the assessment of family functioning of Spanish adolescents. Future studies will be necessary to confirm the trend observed for the two aforementioned scales among adolescents. (AU)

Effect of family cohesion on loneliness in adolescents: mediating role of self-compassion / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of self-compassion between family cohesion and loneliness among adolescents.Method:From November to December 2020, a total of 626 adolescents were investigated with the family adaptability and cohesion scale, children loneliness scale and the self-compassion scale short form.Data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS v 2.16 softwares.The statistical methods included t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and intermediary effect analysis. Results:Compared with girls, boys’ score of family cohesion((63.52±8.47), (65.48±9.07)) was significantly lower but the scores of self-compassion((37.68±5.26), (36.49±5.75)) and loneliness((37.74±10.44), (36.01±10.48)) were significantly higher( t=-2.79, 2.06, 2.70; all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of family cohesion((63.67±8.71), (64.74±8.85)), self-compassion((37.45±5.71), (36.98±5.49)) and loneliness((36.60±10.52), (36.96±10.49)) between left-behind and non-left-behind children( t=1.29, -0.87, 0.38, all P>0.05). The score of family cohesion of the adolescents from Grade 7 was significantly lower than those of Grade 8, Grade 10 and Grade 11( P<0.01), while the score of self-compassion of the adolescents from Grade 10 was significantly lower than those of Grade 7 and Grade 11(both P<0.01), but the score loneliness of the adolescents from Grade 11 was significantly lower than those of Grade 8 and Grade 10(both P<0.05). Family cohesion(64.50±8.82)was significantly positively associated with self-compassion(37.09±5.54)( r=0.22; P<0.01). Loneliness(36.88±10.49)were significantly negatively associated with self-compassion( r=-0.27, P<0.01) and family cohesion( r=-0.28, P<0.01). The relation between family cohesion and loneliness was partly mediated by self-compassion and the effect of mediation was 20.9%. Conclusion:Family cohesion will not only directly affect the loneliness of adolescents, but also affect loneliness through the mediating effect of self-care.

The influence of parent-child cohesion of primary and middle school students on externalizing problem behaviors: chain mediating effect of security and self-control / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect sense of security and self-control on parent-child cohesion and externalizing problem behaviors in primary and middle school students.Methods:A total of 1 402 primary and middle school students were investigated with the problem behavior frequency scale(PBFS), family adaptability and cohesion scale(FACES-CV), security questionnaire(SQ) and brief self-control scale(BSCS). SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS v2.16 were used for statistical analysis, and common method deviation test, Pearson correlation analysis and intermediary effect analysis were used in the analysis.Results:Parent-child cohesion of primary and middle school students was positively correlated with security and self-control ( r=0.279, 0.303, both P<0.01), which was negatively correlated with externalizing problem behaviors ( r=-0.154, P<0.01). Security was positively correlated with self-control ( r=0.567, P<0.01). Security, self-control and externalizing problem behaviors were negatively correlated ( r=-0.147, -0.250, both P<0.01). The security and self-control of primary and middle school students played a partial mediating role between parent-child cohesion and externalizing problem behaviors.The mediating effect consisted of two paths: one was parent-child cohesion-self-control-externalizing problem behaviors, the other was parent-child cohesion-security-self-control-externalizing problem behaviors. The effect values of these two paths accounted for 20.52% and 20.26% of the total effect respectively. Conclusion:Parent-child cohesion not only directly affects the externalizing problem behaviors of primary and middle school students, but also indirectly affects the externalizing problem behavior through the independent mediating effect of self-control and the chain mediation of security-self-control.

Family Functioning of Adolescents with Congenital Cardiopathy in a Sample from Public Schools in Porto Alegre - RS

Abstract Background The impact of chronic diseases on the patient and the family ranges from minimal to severe distress. Family functioning has been often investigated as a psychosocial measure having an essential role for social adjustment in chronic diseases. Objectives To compare family functioning among families of adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls (H) in relation to cohesion, adaptability, and family risk. Method Cross-sectional exposed-control study with 2 groups of adolescents (12 -18 years). The exposed group included adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD), from a specialized public health system hospital (SUS), and adolescents from 7 public schools, considered healthy, composed the control group. In the hospital, the data collection was individual, before the medical consultation. In schools, the collection took place in groups. Adolescents and parents responded to the FACES III scale. The following statistical tests were used: Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's test, T-test for independent samples, Poisson multivariate regression analysis with 95% reliability, significance established at 5% and a statistical power at 99% (ß = 0.01). Results A total of 161 (41.6%) adolescents with CHD and 226 (58.4%) healthy adolescents participated. There was greater family cohesion among adolescents with CHD, with a higher frequency of connected families, while among healthy adolescents, there are more families of the disengaged type. Regarding adaptability, a higher proportion of families of the chaotic type were found among healthy adolescents compared to adolescents with CHD. A higher frequency of high-risk families was identified among healthy adolescents (16.8%). Conclusion The families of the adolescents with CHD have a more balanced functioning and low risk when compared to the families of healthy adolescents; with greater cohesion between the members and greater adaptability. Congenital heart disease was not an independent factor for high-risk family. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).

Cohesión familiar y factores relacionados en adolescentes escolarizados / Family cohesion and related factors in school adolescents

Resumen Introducción: El nivel de cohesión de un núcleo familiar permite caracterizar los vínculos y relaciones que existen entre sus miembros y constituye un insumo fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas y programas de intervención en la familia. Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a la cohesión familiar en adolescentes del Municipio de Envigado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, de fuente de información primaria, con una muestra de 1008 estudiantes de dos colegios de Envigado. Se utilizó la escala de cohesión familiar, de Depresión de Zung, de Habilidades Sociales de Gismero, y preguntas sociodemográficas y de consumo de sustancias. Resultados: El 61,5% de los adolescentes se encontraban sin riesgo de alcoholismo, el 73,8% sin dependencia a drogas, un 16,5% tenían riesgo de depresión y un 81,7% presentaban buenas habilidades sociales. La prevalencia de cohesión familiar fue 96,6%. La satisfacción con la familia y la ausencia de depresión, se asociaron a buena cohesión familiar. Conclusiones: La presencia de depresión en el adolescente y un alto nivel de insatisfacción con el núcleo familiar son factores asociados a la falta de cohesión familiar; factores como la violencia intrafamiliar, las habilidades sociales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas no presentaron asociación con la variable de interés.

Abstract Introduction: The level of cohesion within a family nucleus is useful to characterize connections and relationships established between its members. It also constitutes a fundamental factor in the development of family intervention programs and policies. Objective: To identify factors associated with family cohesion in adolescents from the municipality of Envigado (Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using a primary source of information and a sample of 1008 students from two schools from Envigado. The following instruments were used: family cohesion scale; Zung's Depression scale; Gismero's Social Skills scale; and sociodemographic and substance use questions. Results: 61.5% of adolescents were not at risk for alcoholism, 73.8% were not drug dependent, 16.5% were at risk of depression, and 81.7% had adequate social skills. The prevalence of family cohesion was 96.6%. A feeling of satisfaction with their families and absence of depression were associated with good family cohesion. Conclusions: Depression in adolescents and a high level of dissatisfaction towards their family are factors associated with the lack of family cohesion. Factors such as domestic violence, social skills, and use of psychoactive substances did not show an association with the variable of interest.

Comparação dos níveis de coesão de grupo entre atletas de esportes coletivos de diferentes idades / Comparison of group cohesion levels between collective sport athletes of different ages

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de investigar o nível de coesão de grupo de atletas amadores de esportes coletivos e comparar os níveis de coesão entre atletas mais jovens e atletas mais velhos. Para isso, participaram do estudo, de forma voluntária, 35 atletas de esportes coletivos com idade entre 15 e 38 anos (21,37 ± 5,46), de ambos os sexos. Todos os atletas participaram dos jogos regionais de um mesmo ano, defendendo a mesma cidade. Os atletas foram divididos em dois grupos amostrais: G1 ­ grupo com atletas até 19 anos (17 participantes com idade de 17,50 ± 1,15); G2 ­ grupo com atletas acima de 19 anos (18 participantes com idade de 25,47 ± 5,41). Os atletas preencheram o Termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) e o termo de assentimento, no caso dos menores de idade. Todos participantes responderam ao Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo ­ QEG. As análises foram realizadas com o uso de testes não-paramétricos, pois não houve normalidade nos dados. Os resultados demonstraram que os atletas investigados apresentaram coesão de grupo elevada, principalmente influenciada pelas dimensões AI-T (atração individual no grupo-tarefa) e GI-T (integração no grupo-tarefa), independentemente de a análise ser com todos os participantes ou por grupo. Além disso, os resultados não demonstraram diferenças entre os atletas mais jovens e os atletas mais velhos, ou seja, os dois grupos apresentaram resultados similares. Diante dos resultados, pode-se tecer que os atletas investigados apresentaram resultados superiores em prol da tarefa, o que pode ter relação com a busca em demonstrar bons resultados ou com o estilo de liderança dos técnicos. (AU)

The present study aimed to investigate the group cohesion level of team sports amateur athletes and to compare the cohesion levels between younger and older athletes. For this, they participated in the study voluntarily, 35 team athletes aged between 15 and 38 years (21,37 ± 5,46) of both sexes participated in the study. All athletes participated in the regional games of the same year, defending the same city. The athletes were divided into two sample groups: G1 - group with athletes up to 19 years old (17 participants aged 17,50 ± 1,15); G2 - group with athletes over 19 years old (18 participants aged 25,47 ± 5,41). The athletes completed the Term of Free and Informed Consent (TCLE) and the consent form in the case of minors. All participants answered the Group Environment Questionnaire - QEG. The analyzes were performed using non-parametric tests, as there was no normality in the data. The results showed that the investigated athletes presented high group cohesion, mainly influenced by the AI-T (individual attraction in the task group) and GI-T (integration in the task group) dimensions, regardless of whether the analysis was with all participants or by group. In addition, the results showed no differences between younger and older athletes, that is, both groups presented similar results. Given the results, it can be said that the athletes investigated presented superior results in favor of the task, which may have to do with the pursuit of demonstrating good results or with the leadership style of the coaches. (AU)

Relationship between social capital and the experience of dental carie: systematic review and meta-analysis / Relação entre o capital social e a experiência da cárie dentária: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

ABSTRACT Objective Understanding the individual and collective behavior of individuals about their oral health conditions is important to prevent and control of dental caries. This study aimed to seek evidence of the relationship between social capital and caries experience. Methods Using a systematic review with meta-analysis, we searched articles in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, SCIELO, The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases. Studies with humans, of all ages and languages, published until July 2019, which related social capital to the caries experience, were included in this review. Results We identified 1163 articles evaluated considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 5 articles selected to compose the study sample, and only 3 included in the meta-analysis. In the final analysis p value was significant (p <0.001), showing that both social cohesion and neighborhood empowerment are associated with the caries experience. In the random model, the individual has 2.39 chances of not having the caries disease. The results reinforce the importance of community social capital in the caries experience of individuals. Conclusions The high level of community social capital is directly related to lower caries experience rates.

RESUMO Objetivo A compreensão do o padrão de comportamento dos indivíduos no nível individual e coletivo frente às suas condições de saúde bucal é de importância inequívoca para prevenção e controle da cárie dentária. Nesta perspectiva o objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências da relação entre o capital social e a experiência de cárie. Métodos Utilizando como método revisão sistemática com meta-análise, foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, SciELO, The Cochrane Library e MEDLINE. Estudos com humanos, de todas as idades e línguas, publicados até julho de 2019, que relacionaram o capital social com a experiência de cárie, foram incluídos nesta revisão. Resultados Foram identificados 1163 artigos, que passaram por avaliação sob critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restando 5 artigos selecionados para compor a amostra do estudo, sendo apenas 3 incluídos na meta-análise. Na análise final o p-valor foi significativo (<0,001), mostrando que tanto a coesão social como o empoderamento de vizinhança estão associados com a experiência de cárie. No modelo randômico foi constatado que o indivíduo tem 2,39 chances de não ter a doença cárie. Os resultados do estudo reforçam a importância do capital social comunitário na experiência de cárie dos indivíduos. Conclusão O alto nível de capital social comunitário tem relação direta com menores índices de experiência de cárie nos indivíduos.

The influence of coping style of caregivers and family cohesion on emotional behavior of children with hematological tumor / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the current situation of emotional and behavioral problems in children with hematological tumors, and the relationship with caregivers′ coping styles and family cohesion.Methods:Using cross-sectional study design and cluster sampling method, caregivers of children with hematological tumors hospitalized in hematology department of five third-class hospitals in Zhengzhou from November 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the respondents. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (parent version), simple coping style questionnaire, family cohesion scale and self-made general information questionnaire were used for questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0 software using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 237 questionnaires were distributed and 214 valid questionnaires were collected. The abnormal detection rates of total difficulty score, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems and prosocial behavior were 17.8%, 22.9%, 10.7%, 8.4%, 39.7% and 13.6% respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that caregivers′ positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of difficulties, hyperactivity and peer interaction problems ( r=-0.186, -0.153, -0.174, all P<0.05), and positively correlated with the score of prosocial behavior ( r=0.214, P<0.05). Caregivers′ negative coping was positively correlated with the total score of difficulties, emotional symptoms and hyperactivity ( r=0.203, 0.204, 0.170, all P<0.05). Family cohesion was negatively correlated with the total score of difficulties, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer interaction problems ( r=-0.254, -0.225, -0.183, -0.137, -0.195, all P<0.05), and positively correlated with prosocial behavior ( r=0.235, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that positive coping of caregivers was a protective factor of peer interaction in children ( β=-0.050, OR=0.951, 95% CI=0.907-0.996), while family intimacy was also a protective factor for children with prosocial behavior ( β=-0.045, OR=0.956, 95% CI=0.923-0.991). Conclusion:The emotional and behavior problems of children with hematological tumors are serious, and the positive coping of caregivers and family cohesion have certain predictive value for the occurrence of negative emotional behavior problems in children, so medical staff should take corresponding measures to reduce the occurrence of emotional and behavior problems in children.

Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine terms guided by discourse cohesion theory / 国际中医中药杂志

Due to the limitations of language, culture and professional differences, there are many problems in the translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terms, such as unclear translation, longtarget language and confusion of the target language. Therefore, this paper puts forward the translation strategy of TCM terms based on discourse cohesion theory, which could make full use of the characteristics of discourse cohesion and make the translated TCM terms still have the original meaning and function. In translation, we should follow the cognitive and communicative principles, create new words by using roots, affixes and vowels, optimize interpretative translation, and flexibly use transliteration translation method to improve the accuracy of translation and the conciseness and standardization of the targeted termsafter tranlation.

As tramas do trabalho vincular: contribuições psicanalíticas para pensar os impasses e ideais contemporâneos / The plots of binding work: psychoanalytic contributions to thinking the contemporary impasses and ideals / Las tramas del trabajo vincular: contribuciones psicoanalíticas para pensar los impases de los ideales contemporáneos / Les trames du travail du lien: contributions psychanalytiques pour penser les impasses des idéaux contemporains

RESUMO Desde a obra freudiana podemos notar a importância que a psicanálise atribui aos ideais, tanto os parentais quanto os culturais, para a formação da subjetividade. Este estudo teórico-reflexivo tem por objetivo analisar as tramas do trabalho vincular, a partir dos conceitos de vínculo, ajenidad e incertidumbre, à luz da psicanálise vincular. Inspirados pelo referencial teórico, destacamos algumas das contribuições originais de J. Puget para o tema e refletimos sobre suas implicações e ressonâncias no âmbito vincular, político e social. Argumentamos que os vínculos engendram uma diferença radical sobre a qual o trabalho vincular é construído, envolvendo sempre um elemento de incerteza. Depreende-se disso que a incerteza social, como sintoma que se mostra exacerbado no contemporâneo, associada à fragilização dos vínculos, pode levar à criação defensiva de figuras de exclusão no campo social, típicas de regimes totalitários. Cabe à intervenção analítica a tarefa de desnudar a trama subterrânea do trabalho vincular.

ABSTRACT From the Freudian work we can notice the importance that psychoanalysis attributes to ideals, both parental and cultural, for the formation of subjectivity. This theoretical-reflective study aims to analyze the plots of the binding work, from the concepts of bond, ajenindad and incertidumbre from the bond psychoanalysis point of view. Inspired by the theoretical reference, we highlight some of J. Puget's original contributions to the theme and reflect on its implications and resonances in the political, social, and binding context. We state that bonds engender a radical difference on which the binding work is built, always involving an element of uncertainty. It follows that social uncertainty, as a symptom exacerbated in the contemporary times, associated with the weakening of bonds, can lead to the defensive creation of figures of exclusion in the social field, typical of totalitarian regimes. It is up to the analytic intervention to uncover the underground plot of binding work.

RESUMEN De la obra freudiana podemos notar la importancia que el psicoanálisis concede a los ideales, tanto parentales como culturales, para la formación de la subjetividad. Este estudio teórico-reflexivo tiene por objeto analizar las tramas del trabajo vincular, a partir de los conceptos de vínculo, ajenidad e incertidumbre, a la luz del psicoanálisis vincular. Inspirados por la referencia teórica, destacamos algunas de las contribuciones originales de J. Puget al tema y reflexionamos sobre sus implicaciones y resonancias en el ámbito vincular, político y social. Sostenemos que los vínculos generan una diferencia radical sobre la cual el trabajo vincular es construido, que siempre involucra un elemento de incertidumbre. De ello se desprende que la incertidumbre social, como síntoma exacerbado en el contemporáneo, asociado al debilitamiento de los vínculos, puede llevar a la creación defensiva de figuras de exclusión en el campo social, típicas de los regímenes totalitarios. La tarea de la intervención analítica es descubrir la trama subterránea del trabajo vincular.

RÉSUMÉ Depuis l'œuvre freudienne, nous pouvons noter l'importance que la psychanalyse accorde aux idéaux, tant parentaux que culturels, pour la formation de la subjectivité. Cette étude théorique et de réflexion a pour but d'analyser les trames du travail du lien, à partir des concepts de lien, ajenindad and incertidumbre, à la lumière de la psychanalyse du lien. Inspirés par cette référence théorique, nous mettons en évidence quelques-unes des contributions originales de J. Puget sur le sujet et nous réfléchissons sur ses implications et résonances dans le domaine du lien, politique et social. Nous soutenons que les liens engendrent une différence radicale sur laquelle le travail de liaison est construit, apportant toujours un élément d'incertitude. Il s'ensuit que l'incertitude sociale, en tant que symptôme exacerbé dans le contemporain, associée à la fragilité des liens, peut conduire à la création défensive de figures d'exclusion dans le domaine social, qui sont typiques des régimes totalitaires. La tâche de l'intervention analytique est de découvrir la trame souterraine du travail du lien.

Desarrollo psicomotor en la infancia temprana y funcionalidad familiar / Psychomotor development in early childhood and family functionality

Resumen Se investigó el desarrollo psicomotor temprano y si existían diferencias significativas en las diversas áreas de este desarrollo según la funcionalidad familiar (cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar) desde la percepción materna. Se trabajó con un diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 32 diadas madre- hijo de entre 12 y 27 meses de edad. Se administró el Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil (IODI), la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) y FACES III. Se encontraron diversas diferencias significativas entre tipo de cohesión-adaptabilidad familiar y áreas de la PRUNAPE (p<.05) y del IODI (p<.05). Se observó un desarrollo infantil temprano más favorable en las áreas personal social, lenguaje y socioemocional, en aquellas familias conectadas y flexibles.

Abstract The early psychomotor development was investigated and whether there were significant differences in the various areas of this development according to the maternal perception of family functionality (family cohesion and adaptability). A non-experimental descriptive design was carried out. The sample was comprised of 32 mothers with their children between 12 and 27 months old. Data was collected regarding The Child Development Observation Instrument (IODI), The National Research Test (PRUNAPE) and FACES III. Significant differences between cohesion and adaptability types and areas of development from PRUNAPE (p <.05) and IODI (p <.05) were observed. A more favorable early childhood psychomotor development was observed in the personal social area, as well as in A more favorable early the language and socioemotional area, in those families connected and flexible.