Wellbeing Profile of France and India IT Employees: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Background: Cultural influence and variances have a great influence in the development of psychosocial well-being. Cross-cultural psychologists explore the difference between Eastern and Western cultures. The present study was designed to analyse the variations in wellbeing profile of IT professionals be-tween India and France. Methodology: Two hundred and fourteen non-probabilistic samples were recruited via various IT com-panies from France (n=92) and India (n=122). The participants completed the wellbeing profile consist-ed of Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Subjective Fluctuating Happiness Scale and Subjective Authentic-Durable Happiness Scale (SFHS and SA-DHS) and rating scale for Satisfaction at work, importance of re-ligions/spirituality shared through a digital format, built on the Google Form. Results: Based on independent-samples t-tests, the results indicated that Indian and French IT profes-sionals did not exhibit a difference on levels of Mindfulness, Satisfaction at work, Fluctuating Happiness and Authentic-Durable Happiness. In addition, the findings shown inter correlations between Mindful-ness, Satisfaction at work, Fluctuating Happiness and Authentic-Durable Happiness across the culture. In contrast, the results indicated that Indian IT professionals did exhibit higher levels in importance of Re-ligions and Spirituality when compared to French IT professionals. Conclusion: In a nutshell, the present study came to the conclusion that Indian and French employees share a greater number of wellbeing characteristics in common. Religion and spirituality are also im-portant parts of the Indian culture of well-being.

Implementação de grupos de acolhimento em um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e outras drogas / Implementation of host groups in a psychosocial care center for alcohol and other drugs

A implementação de grupos de acolhimento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas, com o aporte da equipe multiprofissional, propõe o conhecimento acerca do acompanhamento no serviço ao usuário e oferece maiores informações acerca da his-tória de vida do indivíduo ao profissional. Acredita-se que possa contribuir positivamente na reabilitação do usuário, possibilitando novas perspectivas e objetivos de vida a ele. O estudo objetiva conhecer e compreender a implantação e implementação de grupos de aco-lhimento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa narrativa acerca do processo de implantação e implementação do acolhimento grupal no serviço de saúde mental. Foram realizados cinco reuniões e um seminário com a equipe para pensar e estruturar a formulação dos grupos de acolhimento. Três grupos de acolhimento foram formulados e implementados no serviço, sendo eles: "Quem sou eu", objetivando conhecer os usuários e as suas histórias de vida; "Conhecendo um CAPS AD", buscando maior entendimento acerca do serviço e compreendendo como se dá o acom-panhamento e o tratamento; "O que eu gosto de fazer", propondo-se a conhecer melhor os gostos individuais e as atividades diárias realizadas pelos usuários. Conclui-se que os grupos possibilitaram maior adesão dos usuários ao serviço e um fortalecimento do pro-cesso de escuta ativa nas trocas sociais, no vínculo terapêutico e na construção do Plano Terapêutico Singular.

The implementation of host groups in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other Drugs, supported by a multidisciplinary team, proposes to monitor the service to the user and provide professionals with more information on the individual's life. It is believed to contribute positively to the rehabilitation of the users, providing them with new perspec-tives and life goals. The study aims to know and understand the design and implementation of host groups in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs. This narrative research focuses on the process of implementing host groups in the mental health service. Five meetings and a seminar were held with the team to think and structure the implemen-tation of the host groups. Three host groups were designed and implemented in the service: "Who am I", which aims to get to know the users and their life stories; "Knowing a CAPS AD", which aims at a greater understanding of the service and understanding how moni-toring and treatment occur; "What I like to do", proposing to get to know better the indi-vidual tastes and the daily activities of the users. The groups promoted a better adhesion of users to the service. They also strengthened the active listening process in social exchang-es, therapeutic bonds, and the construction of the Singular Therapeutic Plan.

Influence of individualism and collectivism on self-reported health of retired military cadres / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effects of individualism and collectivism on the self-reported health of military retired cadres. Methods The Chinese version of the European quality life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), the individualism-collectivism scale, and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were used to survey 112 retired military cadres from military cadre sanatoria in Shanghai, Suzhou and so on. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results A total of 112 questionnaires were sent out, and 71 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 63.39%. The scores of individualism and collectivism of retired military cadres (n＝71) were lower than those of college students (n＝403), the difference was statistically significant (t＝－4.81 and －7.95, both P＜0.01). Correlation analysis results showed that there was no significant correlation between gender, age, education level, marital status, children's number, residence status and self-reported health status, subjective well-being, individualism and collectivism (all P＞0.05); subjective well-being, individualism and self-reported health were positively correlated (r＝0.44, P＜0.01; r＝0.29, P＜0.05), collectivism and self-reported health were not significantly correlated (r＝0.19, P＞0.05), and individualism and collectivism were positively correlated (r＝0.67, P＜0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the inclusion of individualism and collectivism improved the model interpretation rate (ΔR2＝0.08, F＝3.41, P＜0.05) after controlling subjective well-being. Individualism could predict health status (β＝0.34, P＜0.05), while collectivism could not (β＝－0.09, P＝0.55). Conclusion Individualistic cultural orientation is the main factor that affects the health of retired military cadres, while collectivist cultural orientation has no obvious effect.

Infuence of individualism and collectivism on self-reported health of retired military cadres / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effects of individualism and collectivism on the self-reported health of military retired cadres. Methods: The Chinese version of the European quality life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), the individualism-collectivism scale, and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were used to survey 112 retired military cadres from military cadre sanatoria in Shanghai, Suzhou and so on. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results: A total of 112 questionnaires were sent out, and 71 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 63.39%. The scores of individualism and collectivism of retired military cadres (n = 71) were lower than those of college students (n=403), the difference was statistically significant (t= -4.81 and -7.95, both P0.05); subjective well-being, individualism and self-reported health were positively correlated (r=0.44, P0.05), and individualism and collectivism were positively correlated (r=0.67, P<.0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the inclusion of individualism and collectivism improved the model interpretation rate (ΔR =0.08, F=3.41, P<0.05) after controlling subjective well-being. Individualism could predict health status (β=0.34, P<0.05), while collectivism could not (β= -0.09, P = 0.55). Conclusion: Individualistic cultural orientation is the main factor that affects the health of retired military cadres, while collectivist cultural orientation has no obvious effect.

Analysis of influencing factors of psychological collectivism of nurses in hematology department of tertiary care hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of psychological collectivism of nurses in hematology department of tertiary care hospital, so as to provide guidance for improving the cohesion of nurses in hematology department.@*Methods@#A total of 249 hematological nurses from 6 tertiary care hospitals in Wuhan and Jingzhou were selected by convenience sampling. The basic information and psychological collectivism scale (PCS) were used to investigate psychological collectivism.@*Results@#The score of psychological collectivism of nurses in hematology department was 53.21±6.84. Univariate analysis showed that the scores of psychological collectivism of nurses in hematology department had significant differences in age, educational background, professional title, hospital grade, children or not, working hours, advanced studies, monthly income and employment methods (F=5.125-76.674, P<0.05). The occupational expectation score was 75.06±6.25 and the occupational values score was 92.32±5.84 in the nurses from Hematology Department of tertiary hospitals, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that career expectation, career values and psychological collectivism were significantly positively correlated (r=0.510, 0.624, P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression equation showed that educational background, professional title, children, working hours, advanced education, hospital level, monthly income, career expectations and professional values were significant influencing factors of psychological collectivism of hematological nurses (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The level of psychological collectivism of nurses in hematology department is relatively high. We should fully realize the importance of psychological collectivism of nurses and improve the psychological tendency of nurses in hematology department towards collective.

Rebound Effect, Fast Adaptation to Social Change or Cultural Continuity among Two Generations of Hungarians / Efecto de Rebote, Rápida Adaptación al Cambio Social o Contiuidad Cultural entre Dos Generaciones de Húngaros

Abstract The aim of the present research was to reveal what kind of values, self-conceptualisation and beliefs of personhood characterize two generations of Hungarians, almost three decades after the socio-political changes from socialism to capitalist market economy. Participants were high school students (N = 239) and adults (N = 122). Value-orientation was measured using the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz et al., 2001), beliefs of personhood were measured by the Lay Contextualism Scale (Owe et al., 2013). Self-construals were measured in case of the high school students by using 23 items from Gudykunst et al. (1996) self-construal scale and in case of the adults a modified version of it (Owe et al., 2013). Results indicate that in the post-socialist Hungary, individualistic values and independent self-concept strongly characterize both the high school students and the adults, but the younger generation displays higher tendency towards individualism.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue encontrar qué tipo de valores, auto-conceptuación y creencias de la persona caracterizan dos generaciones de húngaros, casi tres décadas después de los cambios sociopolíticos del socialismo al mercado económico capitalista. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios (N=239) y adultos (N=122). La orientación hacia los valores fue evaluada utilizando el Cuestionario de Valores (PVQ, Portrait Value Questionnaire; Schwartz et al., 2001), las creencias sobre la persona fueron evaluados a través de la Escala de Contextualismo (Owe et al., 2013), las auto-definiciones fueron evaluadas utilizando los 23 reactivos de la escala de autodefinición de Gudykunst et al. (1996) para el caso de los estudiantes, y para los adultos se utilizó la versión modificada del instrumento de autodefinición (Owe et al., 2013). Los resultados indican que, en la Hungría post-socialista, los valores individualistas y un autoconcepto independiente caracterizan fuertemente a ambos grupos, aunque la generación más joven muestra mayor tendencia hacia el individualismo.

The Influence of Traditional Culture and the Interpersonal Psychological Theory on Suicide Research in Korea

Korea has the highest suicide rate amongst the OECD countries. Yet, its research on suicidal behaviors has been primitive. While the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide has gained global attention, there has only been a few researches, which examined its applicability in Korea. In this article, we review the previous studies on suicide and examine the association between the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide and traditional Korean culture, with an emphasis on Collectivism and Confucianism. We propose that pathways to suicide might vary depending on cultural influences. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research will be discussed.

Individualismo y colectivismo: caracterización y diferencias entre dos localidades mexicanas / Individualism and collectivism: Characterization and differences in two Mexican localities

Resumen El individualismo y el colectivismo se han considerado síndromes culturales dicotómicos que caracterizan a los miembros de un país y que pueden estar reflejados en la identidad nacional. Una cultura individualista está caracterizada por promover la independencia y la autonomía; por otro lado, una cultura colectivista promueve la interdependencia entre personas y su grupo, en estas culturas las necesidades del grupo se consideran más importantes que las del individuo. Sin embargo, las fronteras geopolíticas entre países no contemplan las diferencias históricas, las normas sociales y las prácticas y particularidades culturales entre localidades y países. Por ejemplo, entre la Ciudad de México y Guanajuato, localidades que en teoría cuentan con tendencias políticas antagónicas, Guanajuato se considera una región de México ultraconservadora, mientras que la Ciudad de México es conocida por la apertura a la discusión de temas como el aborto, la legalización del aborto y el matrimonio igualitario; la Ciudad de México se relaciona con una ideología política de izquierda. En un contexto conservador, es más común estar de acuerdo con ideologías tradicionales sobre los roles de hombres y mujeres. En este sentido, hombres y mujeres pueden internalizar diferenciadamente el individualismo y colectivismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las características del individualismo y colectivismo en dos regiones, así como entre hombres y mujeres. Participaron 420 hombres y mujeres del Valle de México y del estado de Guanajuato. Los resultados muestran que la muestra total presenta características del individualismo y colectivismo; se encontraron diferencias significativas en tres de diez factores por región. En todos estos, las medias son superiores a la media teórica. En Guanajuato los participantes mostraron mayores puntajes de Independencia y Libertad, pero al mismo tiempo reportaron niveles más altos de familismo relacionado con la obediencia. Se encontraron diferencias por sexo, las mujeres de Guanajuato mostraron mayores niveles de individualismo en comparación con los otros grupos. Los hallazgos son discutidos con base en la literatura pertinente. Para estudios subsecuentes es importante incluir variables como nivel de escolaridad, socioeconómico y actitudes respecto al grupo de referencia y de comparación.

Abstract Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic culture is characterized by promote independence and autonomy; by other hand, a collectivistic culture promotes interdependence between person and his/her reference group, in these cultures the group necessities are most important that the individual's ones. However, the geopolitical boundaries between countries not contemplate the differences between history, social norms and practices, or cultural particularities between localities and counties. For example between Mexico City and Guanajuato which have, in theory, antagonistic politic tendencies: Guanajuato is considered an ultraconservative region in Mexico, while Mexico City is known for the opening to discuss themes as abortion's legalization for free election or same-sex marriage; Mexico City is related with left political ideology. In a conservative context, is more common to be agree with traditional ideology about roles for men and women. In this way, men and women can internalized individualism and collectivisms different. The aim of this paper is determined characteristics of individualism and collectivism in two Mexican regions as well as in men and women. It was atended by 420 men and women of the Valley of Mexico and the state of Guanajuato. Results show that the Mexican population as a whole, shows characteristics of individualism and collectivism; there are significant differences on three of ten factors by region. In all of them, the mean is upper to theoretical mean. In Guanajuato, people show higher values of independence and freedom, but, at same time, they report high levels of familism related to obedience. About gender differences, the sample of women in Guanajuato shows higher levels of individualism in comparison with other groups. The findings are discussed on the relevant literature. For subsequent studies is important include variables as scholar level, socioeconomic level, and attitudes about their referential and comparison groups.

Metas de bienestar y valores en una comunidad rural andina de Puno Perú / Metas de bem-estar e valores em uma comunidade rural andina de Puno Peru / Wellbeing goals and values in a rural andean community of Puno Peru

Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el objetivo de identificar, describir y analizar la relación entre las metas de bienestar y los valores que poseen los pobladores de una comunidad andina en Puno, Perú. Los resultados sugieren que las principales metas de bienestar para los participantes son: tener buen ganado, tener dinero y brindarle mejor educación a sus hijos. Los valores considerados positivos son: el trabajar y el compañerismo; en contraposición, los valores negativos son: la ociosidad y la envidia-egoísmo. De lo anterior se infiere que los valores identificados corresponden a culturas colectivistas y materialistas, y que estos influyen en la configuración y consolidación de las metas de bienestar de los miembros de la comunidad...

A qualitative study was carried out in order to identify, describe, and analyze the relation between wellbeing goals and values held by an Andean community in Puno, Peru. The findings showed that the main wellbeing goals are owning good cattle, having money, and giving their children a better education. The values considered positive are working and companionship, as opposed to idleness and jealousy-selfishness, which were considered negative. On this basis, it was possible to infer that the identified values correspond to collectivist and materialist cultures, and that these values influence the establishment and consolidation of the wellbeing goals of the members of the community...

Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo com o objetivo de identificar, descrever e analisar a relação entre as metas de bem-estar e os valores que possui a população de uma comunidade andina em Puno (Peru). Os resultados sugerem que as principais metas de bem-estar para os participantes são: ter bom gado, ter dinheiro e oferecer melhor educação aos seus filhos. Os valores negativos são: a ociosidade e a inveja-egoísmo. Do anterior, infere-se que os valores identificados correspondem a culturas coletivistas e materialistas, e que esses valores influenciam na configuração e consolidação das metas de bem-estar dos membros da comunidade...

Toward Understanding Violence in Islam / Entendiendo la violencia en el Islam

In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception; i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural psychology explain aspects of this difference? It is hypothesized that violence is more frequent in cultures that are vertical collectivist than in cultures that are horizontal individualist. The paper reviews data that are generally consistent with this hypothesis. Furthermore, most Muslims are not violent, but perhaps 1 percent do engage in jihad. What personality aspects might explain this difference? It is argued that self-deception is very common among humans and the jihadists are especially susceptible to self-deception. Religion provides important benefits but it is also often related to violence. One way to reduce aspects of Islamic violence is for the West to ridicule Islam less. The paper also provides Islam with a more realistic model of its religion.

En el contexto de reducción mundial de la violencia, tal como lo documenta Pinker (2011), el Islam es una excepción p.e., es más violento que otras culturas. ¿Es posible que la psicología cultural actual explique los aspectos de dicha diferencia? Se hipotetiza que la violencia es más frecuente en culturas que son colectivistas verticales que en culturas que son individualistas horizontales. Este trabajo revisa datos que son generalmente consistentes con la ya mencionada hipótesis. Además, la mayoría de los islámicos no son violentos, aunque tal vez el 1 por ciento de ellos sean partícipes del jihad. ¿Qué aspectos de la personalidad podrían explicar esta diferencia? Se argumenta que el auto-engaño es bastante común entre los seres humanos, y que los jihadas son especialmente susceptibles al auto-engaño. La religión provee beneficios importantes pero también es comúnmente asociada con la violencia. Una manera de reducir aspectos de la violencia islámica es que el oeste haga menos ridiculizaciones del Islam. Este trabajo también describe al Islam con un modelo más realista de su religión.

Culture and psychotherapy: A psychosocial framework for analysis

This paper discusses how cultural factors influence the current practice of psychotherapy in the Philippines where most psychotherapist still largely employ Western models. Psychotherapy involves process that are informed by the patient's culture. Indigenous psychotherapies are found in many societies and they may be used alone or in conjunction with Western modalities of treatment. This paper proposes a psychosocial framework that lends efficacy in the treatment modalities for psychological problems. Furthermore, it hopes to provide recommendations vis-a-vis training, service, and research in the field of psychotherapy in the Philippine context.

Las dimensiones del apego y los síndromes culturales como determinantes de la expresión emocional / Cultural Syndromes and Attachment Dimensions Involved in Emotional Expression

Las reglas de expresión emocional son normas culturales que dictan el manejo y modificación de las manifestaciones emocionales y se asocian consistentemente con los síndromes culturales. Se propone que las reglas de expresión emocional también son afectadas por la seguridad del apego. A través de una plataforma de internet se administraron instrumentos de auto-reporte a un grupo de estudiantes de México y otro de Estados Unidos, encontrándose que la ansiedad y evitación del apego limitan la expresión de emociones positivas hacia los miembros del endogrupo, mientras que el colectivismo motiva la expresión de estas emociones. Además, la evitación del apego y el colectivismo limitan la expresión de emociones negativas hacia el endogrupo, mientras que el individualismo la favorece. El patrón general de resultados refleja que las dimensiones de ansiedad y evitación del apego afectan únicamente las reglas de expresión de emociones hacia los miembros del endogrupo.

Emotional display rules are cultural norms that dictate the management and modification of emotional disclosure depending on social circumstances. They are associated to cultural syndromes. We propose that display rules are also affected by attachment sense of security. Online questionnaires were administered to college students in both México and the United States, finding that attachment anxiety and avoidance constrain the expression of positive emotions toward in-groups members, whereas collectivism encourages emotional expression. Moreover, attachment-related avoidance and collectivism are associated with constrained expression of negative emotions toward in-group members, whereas individualism encourages their expression. The results suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance affect emotional displays toward in-group members.

Culture and psychotherapy: A psychosocial framework for analysis

This paper discusses how cultural factors influence the current practice of psychotherapy in the Philippines where most psychotherapist still largely employ Western models. Psychotherapy involves process that are informed by the patient's culture. Indigenous psychotherapies are found in many societies and they may be used alone or in conjunction with Western modalities of treatment. This paper proposes a psychosocial framework that lends efficacy in the treatment modalities for psychological problems. Furthermore, it hopes to provide recommendations vis-a-vis training, service, and research in the field of psychotherapy in the Philippine context.

Application of the interactive model in the context of individualism and collectivism / Aplicação do modelo interativo no contexto do individualismo e coletivismo

The objective of the present study was to apply the Interactive Model methodology to the Individualism-Collectivism:Horizontal and Vertical Models to better understand the last model. The sample consisted of 271 individuals and theIdiocentric-Allocentric Athlete Profile Inventory was used. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that when theconstructs become polarized, as in the Idiocentric supremacy, greater are the individual needs for differentiation fromothers, success and achievement. As the constructs get balanced, the individuals tend to present more egalitarian attitudes,and allocentric individuals seek benefits for the group, submission and hierarchy. In conclusion, one can infer that as thefields of idiocentrism and allocentrism become more distant from the bisector, the vertical dominion increases(hierarchy), while a greater proximity with the bisector favors the horizontal dominion (equality). These areas don’treflect the predominance or not of one construct over the other anymore.

O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a metodologia do Modelo Interativo no modelo do Individualismo-Coletivismo:Horizontal e Vertical para melhor entender este último modelo. A amostra foi composta por 271 indivíduos e foi utilizadoo Inventário de Perfil Idiocêntrico-Alocêntrico para Atletas. Múltiplas análises de variância revelaram que quando osconstrutos tornam-se polarizados, como na supremacia idiocêntrica, mais os indivíduos necessitam dieferenciar-se dosdemais, buscando sucesso e realização. Quando os construtos tornam-se equilibrados, os indivíduos tendem a apresentaratitudes igualitárias e os indivíduos alocêntricos buscam o benefício do grupo, submisão e hierarquia. Em conclusão,pode-se inferir que quando os campos do idiocentrismo e alocentrismo tornam-se mais distantes da bissetriz, o domíniovertical aumenta (hierarquia) e a maior proximidade da bissetriz favorece o domínio horizontal (igualdade). Essesdomínios não mais refletem a predominância ou não de um construto sobre o outro.

Resiliência e enfrentamento do estresse em adolescentes: efeitos mediadores dos valores culturais / Resiliencia y afrontamiento del estrés en adolescentes: efectos mediadores de los valores culturales / Resilience and coping with stress in adolescents: mediating effects of cultural values

Este estudo teve dois objetivos: a) analisar as relações entre resiliência e estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse e b) explorar o rol dos valores pessoais sobre tais relações. A investigação se deu por meio de uma amostra composta por 1 512 estudantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileiros e 665 mexicanos), que preencheram uma seleção de instrumentos desenvolvidos para explorar resiliência, enfrentamento do estresse e valores pessoais. As análises de correlação mostraram relações significativas entre resiliência e estratégias positivas de enfrentamento do estresse. As análises de regressão mediada indicaram que tanto o individualismo horizontal como o coletivismo horizontal moderam as relações entre resiliência e enfretamento positivo. Tais resultados permitem concluir que o sentimento de igualdade (horizontalidade) entre os membros do grupo é o principal mediador entre o adolescente, as demandas do meio ambiente, seus recursos para enfrentá-las e o desenvolvimento da resiliência.

The aim of this study was twofold: a) to explore the relationships between resilience and coping strategies with stress; and b) to examine the role of personal values on such relationships. The research was conducted with a sample consisting of 1512 students (484 Argentines, 363 Brazilians, and 665 Mexicans) who filled a selection of recognized instruments developed to explore resilience, coping with stress and personal values. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between resilience and positive coping strategies. Mediated regression analysis indicated that both, horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism, are good mediators of the relationship between resilience and positive coping. These results strongly suggest that the sense of equality (horizontal) among members of the group is the main mediator between the adolescent, the demands of the environment, their resources to cope and develop resilience.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue doble: a) analizar las relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés, y b) explorar el rol de los valores personales sobre tales relaciones. La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra integrada por 1512 estudiantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileros y 665 mexicanos), quienes completaron una selección de reconocidos instrumentos desarrollados para explorar resiliencia, afrontamiento del estrés y valores personales. Análisis de correlación mostraron significativas relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias positivas de afrontamiento. Análisis de regresión mediada indicaron que tanto el Individualismo Horizontal, como el Colectivismo Horizontal moderan las relaciones entre resiliencia y afrontamiento. Tales resultados permiten concluir que el sentimiento de igualdad (horizontalidad) entre los miembros del grupo es el principal mediador entre el adolescente, las demandas del medio ambiente, sus recursos para afrontarlas y el desarrollo de la resiliencia.

The effect of collectivism-individualism on parenting goals of middle school students' parents / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective This study investigates the effect of collectivism-individualism on parenting goals of middle school students' parents. Methods COLINDEX and Kohn's Parental Values Survey were used. 378 parents participated in the study. Results Fathers had higher score(3.23±0.73) on individualism than do mothers (3.05±0.44,F(1,359)=5.25,P <0.05);and highly educated (college or above) parents had higher scores(4.00±0.86) than do those with less education(for senior high school:3.91±0.81; junior high school or below:3.83±0.97,F(2,363)=4.72,P <0.01). Regression analysis indicated that collectivism had significant effects on goals of "take responsibilities and adapt to environment" ( P <0.01) and "conform to norm and obey parent" ( P <0.01). Both collectivism and individualism had significant effects on goal of "explore and be enterprising" ( P <0.05;P <0.01). Conclusion Parents with high collectivistic value expected their children to assume responsibilities,to adapt to the society,to adhere to norms and to obey authority. However,parents with high individualistic value encouraged their children to be independent and enterprising.

Revision of collectivism and individualism scale and study on the development of middle school students' value / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the construct validity of collectivism and individualism scale( COLINDEX) and the reliability and construct validity of its Chinese revision;and to study the development of middle school students' value. Methods The revised scale was used and 5875 middle school students were tested. Resuits Two-factor model of COLENDEX was not substantiated by data,while three factors were abstracted by EFA and confirmed subsequently by CFA. Four factors were abstracted from the Chinese revision of COLINDEX, and four-factor model was confirmed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the total scale (0.90) and four sub-scales (0.84,0.76,0.84 and 0.74 )were all significantly high. MANOVA was performed to detect gender and grade differences of means in the four dimensions of the revised scale. The main effects of gender and grade reached the significant level; however, interaction between them did not. Conclusion Collectivism and individualism, two dimensions of Chinese middle school students' value, were not mutually independent. The revised version of COLINDEX was qualified to be used in further research. The grades on collectivistic items of middle school students were higher than those on individualistic items.