Retrospective study on the modified Uhl technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pin in the treatment of Colles' fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To retrospectively assess the advantages of the modified Uhl technique in the treatment of Colles' fracture guided by the principles of Chinese osteosynthesis (CO) concept.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on 358 patients with Colles' fracture treated with the modified Uhl technique of closed reduction and percutaneous pin between January 2016 and June 2021. Out of these, 120 eligible cases were selected and categorized into two groups according to different surgical methods:the closed reduction and percutaneous pin group, and the open reduction group. Sixty-eight patients in the closed reduction and percutaneous pin group were treated with the modified Uhl technique, while fifty-two patients in the open reduction group were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using plates. The modified Sarmiento imaging score, Gartland-Werley wrist score, operation time, hospital stay, and treatment costs between the two groups were compared at a 6-month postoperative follow-up.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in terms of gender, age, affected side, injure factors, time of injury to surgery, Sarmiento imaging score, and Gartland-Werley wrist joint score (P>0.05). The closed reduction and percutaneous pin group exhibited an operation time of (35.88±14.11) minutes, hospitalization stay of (9.78±2.48) days, and treatment costs of (16 074.91±1 964.48) yuan, while the open reduction group demonstrated comparatively longer operation time of (65.48±14.26) minutes, hospitalization stay of (15.88±2.00) days, and treatment costs of (20 451.27±1 760.22) yuan (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The modified Uhl technique presents notable advantages in the management of Colles' fracture, including reliable fixation, less trauma, shorter operation time, less pain, shorter hospital stay, and cost-effectiveness. This technique exhibits promising potential for broader clinical application. However, it is important to note that the pin could potentially damage tendons, and in cases of Colles' fractures with osteoporosis and comminuted fragments, additional techniques may be required for reliable fixation.

Avaliação de três sistemas de classificação das fraturas da extremidade distal do rádio: Frykman, Universal and A. O. / Evaluation of three classification systems for fractures of the distal end of the radius: Frykman, Universal and A. O.

Introdução: As fraturas da extremidade distal do rádio estão entre as mais incidentes de todas as fraturas do corpo. As classificações das fraturas são amplamente utilizadas para definição de tratamento e prognóstico. Métodos: Foram selecionadas radiografias de 14 pacientes com fratura da extremidade distal do rádio nas incidências anteroposterior e perfil, e um caso foi propositalmente repetido. Todas as imagens foram avaliadas por 12 participantes em diferentes estágios de formação profissional (4 residentes e 8 ortopedistas), em dois momentos distintos, com intervalo de 1 semana. Analisou-se a concordância inter e intraobservadores por meio do coeficiente Kappa ponderado. O teste t de Student para amostras pareadas foi aplicado para verificar se havia diferença significativa no grau de concordância interobservador entre os instrumentos. Resultados: A classificação Universal apresentou grande reprodutibilidade intraobservadores (k = 0.72) e moderada interobservador (k = 0.48). Frykman teve reprodutibilidade moderada e leve intra e interobservador, respectivamente (k = 0.51 e 0.36). A classificação do grupo A.O. demonstrou reprodutibilidade leve intraobservadores e interobservador (k = 0.38 e 0.25, respectivamente). Conclusão: A maior concordância intra e interobservador foi observada na classificação Universal, seguida pela de Frykman e, por último, a do grupo A.O. A reprodutibilidade da classificação não variou significativamente com o grau de experiência do avaliador.

Introduction: Fractures at the distal end of the radius are among the most frequent fractures. Fracture classifications are widely used to define treatment and prognosis. Methods: radiographs were selected from 14 patients with fractures of the distal end of the radius in anteroposterior and profile views, and one case was repeated on purpose. Twelve participants at different stages of professional training (four residents and eight orthopedists) evaluated all the images at two different times, with an interval of 1 week. The inter and intraobserver concordance was analyzed using the weighted Kappa coefficient. The Student's t-test for paired samples was applied to verify if there was a significant difference in the degree of inter-observer concordance between the instruments. Results: Universal classification showed great intra-observer reproducibility (k = 0.72) and moderate interobserver reproducibility (k = 0.48). Frykman had moderate and mild intra and interobserver reproducibility, respectively (k = 0.51 and 0.36). The classification of the group A.O. demonstrated mild intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility (k = 0.38 and 0.25, respectively). Conclusion: The highest intra and interobserver concordance was observed in the Universal classification, followed by Frykman and, finally, that of the group A.O. The reproducibility of the classification did not vary significantly with the degree of experience of the evaluator.

Small splint external fixation combined with 3D printing brace for the treatment of Colles fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the short-term clinical efficacy of manipulation reduction-combined with small splint and 3D printing wrist brace external fixation of wrist brace for Colles fracture and the advantages of using the brace.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with Colles fractures who were treated in Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to December 2017 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the order of treatment, with 30 patients in the control group, including 13 males and 17 females, aged from 16 to 66 years, with a mean of (49.46±12.63) years; the time from injury to consultation ranged from 3 to 18 h, averaged (6.86±3.15) h. In the experimental group, there were 30 cases, 12 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 14 to 68 years old, with a mean of (46.73±14.40) years old; the time from injury to consultation ranged from 3 to 19 h, averaged(7.06±3.45)h. All the patients in the experimental group and the control group were treated with the same doctor's manipulation to reduce the fracture. The small splints were applied for external fixation after the satisfactory reduction shown in the X-ray. After 1 week of fracture treatment, the small splints were removed from the patients in the experimental group and the 3D printing braces were replaced to maintain fixation until the fracture healed. In the control group, small splints were maintained until the fracture healed. Wrist joint X-ray films were taken before and after reduction and 4 weeks after reduction to observe the palmar inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, radius height and compare; VAS score and swelling degree score were recorded before and after reduction for 1 and 2 weeks; Cooney and PRWE score of wrist joint were compared after 6 to 8 weeks of reduction.@*RESULTS@#The VAS score of 2 weeks after reduction was 2.40±0.49 in the experimental group and 2.43±0.50 in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the VAS score between the two groups before and after reduction(=0.364). The swelling degree of 2 weeks after reduction was 0.50±0.50 in the experimental group and 0.53±0.50 in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the swelling degree between the two groups before and after reduction(=0.746). The Cooney and PRWE scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group 6 to 8 weeks after reduction (<0.05), and the anatomical characteristics of palmar inclination, ulnar deviation and radial shortening of the experimental group were better than those of the control group(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#3D printing braces are light and breathable, comfortable and beautiful, and convenient for dressing. The combination of small splint sequentially applied to Colles fracture has a definite clinical effect, which enriches the means of external fixation treatment. It is believed that with the deepening of clinical research, the design and materials of 3D printing braces as well as their application in future medical treatment will be further developed.

The Factors Predicting Secondary Displacement after Closed Reduction of Unstable Distal Radius Fracture

PURPOSE: It has been studied prognostic factors about secondary displacement after conservative treatment of the distal radius fracture, but each study showed different results. Authors retrospectively evaluated factors known to be involved secondary displacement of the distal radius fracture to determine its significance. METHODS: One hundred eighteen cases of the radiographically unstable distal radius fractures that closed reduction was adequately performed were retrospectively studied and the radiographic images were taken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks after closed reduction. During follow-up, dorsal tilt more than 15°, volar tilt more than 20°, ulnar positive variance more than 4 mm, radial length less than 6 mm, radial inclination less than 10° were thought of the loss of reduction. RESULTS: In 41 cases (34.7%), the loss of reduction occurred. Sex, intra-articular fracture, dorsal and volar comminution, concomitant ulnar fracture and involvement of the distal radio-ulnar joint were statistically not significant. Analysis results of the binomial logistic regression model were as follows: age (p=0.003), radial shortening (p=0.010) and ulnar positive variance (p=0.010) were statistically significant as the predictive prognostic factors. Analysis results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed age (p=0.006) as an only statistically significant factor. CONCLUSION: As the predictive prognostic factors for development of secondary displacement after conservative treatment of the unstable distal radius fracture, age was determined as most significant factor. Also radial shortening and ulnar positive variance were thought of the predictive factors for secondary displacement.

Evaluación radiológica de muñeca para visualizar la superficie articular del radio / Wrist X ray for analysis of the articular surface of distal radius

Resumen: En la fractura del radio distal se requieren proyecciones radiológicas que permitan ver adecuadamente la superficie articular sin interposición de estructuras. El objetivo fue determinar si las proyecciones radiológicas laterales a 7 y 22o mejoran el análisis de esta superficie. Método: Serie de casos con radiografías de pacientes sanos y operados para identificar las facetas del semilunar y escafoides en las proyecciones lateral y anteroposterior, igualmente se evaluó con tornillos. Se analizaron cualitativamente los hallazgos obtenidos en las radiografías de 7 y 22o para la proyección lateral y de 11o en la anteroposterior. Resultados: 14 radiografías de voluntarios sanos, 10 pacientes con fractura de radio que recibieron osteosíntesis y dos piezas anatómicas. En los 14 sanos y los 10 pacientes se encontró que en las proyecciones a 7 y 22o pueden apreciarse mejor las carillas radio-semilunar y radio-escafoides respectivamente, observando imágenes con menor superposición de estructuras en la radiografía de 22o tanto en los sanos como en los pacientes con fracturas. Discusión: Las proyecciones radiológicas son importantes para poder determinar los resultados inmediatos de una osteosíntesis realizada en una fractura de radio distal. En este estudio se observa que la proyección lateral a 7o identifica mejor la posición de los tornillos ubicados en la carilla semilunar del radio. La proyección lateral a 22o muestra mejor la carilla con el escafoides. Por último en la proyección anteroposterior a 11o nos permite ver la articulación radiocarpiana con menor superposición de imágenes.

Abstract: In the distal radius fracture requires radiographic views that allow you to see the articular surface without interposition. The objective was to determine whether lateral radiographic projections 7 and 22o improve the analysis of this surface. Method: Case series study with radiographs of healthy and operated patients, in order to identify the lunate and scaphoid facets in lateral and anteroposterior projections. Qualitative analysis was made on the radiographs of the distal radius with wedges of 7 and 22o in the lateral views and 11o in the anteroposterior view. Results: There were evaluated 14 radiographs of the distal radius of healthy volunteers and 10 patients with distal radius fractures who recieved surgery with internal fixation, and also two anatomical models. In 14 healthy and 10 patients, it was found that the views at 7 and 22o can be better appreciated radio lunate and radio scaphoid surface respectively, observing images with less overlapping in the radiograph of 22o in both groups. Discussion: Radiographic views are important to determine the immediate results of fixation on a distal radius fracture. We observe that the lateral view at 7o is better to show the screws on the lunate facet of the radius. The lateral view at 22o is better to show the facet of the radius with the scaphoid. Finally, the anteroposterior projection at 11o allows us to see the radio carpal joint with lower image overlay.

RISK FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLOSED REDUCTION MANAGEMENT OF THE COLLES’ FRACTURE / Мэс засал

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeon Abraham Coll first introduced distal radial bone fracture in clinical practice as a colles fracture. It is one of the most common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture. Case of Colles fracture has being increased in the developed country year by year besides the increasing number of elderly patients. Depending on severity displaced of the fracture, management includes closed reduction or surgical procedure. The aim of study was to study result of risk factors that influence the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture. Materials and Methods: From hospital based population 80 patients aged between 5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male 61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited by cross sectional and randomized method. Participants were divided into displaced and non-displaced groups which confirmed by refractive index difference on X-ray. Results: The risk factors that influence the colles fracture closed reduction management was osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause (r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake (r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in 24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64), hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) and physical therapy (p=0.5). Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopause were the risk factors that influenced the closed reduction management of Colles fracture. The patient cases that not receiving emergency medical care in first 24 hours, not applying plaster, not using the hand sling immobilizer brace and not receiving physical therapy was risk factors for extending the closed reduction management of the Colles fracture.

Study result of the influence of risk factors in bone setting treatment Colles fracture / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction Irish surgeon Abraham Coll bone lower forearm Call an end in 1814 reports about the location extension breaks, fractures, called colles fractures. It is common fractures account for 10-20% of the total respectively fracture, the bottom end 75% of bone fracture forearm. Number of elderly patients in developed countries has increased, an increasing number of these refractive growth. In 2001, in the cases of 640,000 fracture United States forearm bone bottom colles. Purpose Study for the influence of risk factors in bone setting treatment Colles fracture Objectives: 1. Forearm bone assessment bottom Colles displaced, some of the causes which affect nondisplaced fractures, depending upon risk factors 2. Forearm bone to assess what the lower end Colles healing some of the risk factors that may affect the fracture Materials and Methods Trauma and Orthopedic research studies involving the term “Emergency Department” at the forearms of 80 people age 5-76 bone treatment in patients who received the peace at the lower end Colles fracture the national center. Respondents grooming, nongrooming divided into 2 groups, which may not be received and confirmed by refractive index difference in X-ray. To analyze the data elements of descriptive statistics was used (mean, standard deviation, percentage distribution). As a result of calculating the difference between the data expressed as a percentage Use Pearson’s chi-squares method. If using T-test method to calculate the difference between the data and the P value less than 0.05 considered statistically accurate. Calculating the relationship between the power of the data evaluated the relationship using spearman correlation coefficient. Result Some of the causes and risk factors are compared between groups, Colles difference nondisplaced fracture purity (r=0.18, p=0.21) or a weak relationship, Colles difference, compared to the nondisplaced fracture the use of calcium supplementation (r=0.21, p=0.06) associations, Colles difference, gender nondisplaced fracture compared (r=0.28, p=0.01) weaknesses related were statistically significant. Conclusion 1. Colles difference nondisplaced fractures when used in alcohol risk factors affect the injury took place, and menopause are diagnosed with osteoporosis, previous calcium intake is associated with weak damage. 2. Colles difference refraction healing has 24-hour loss of time covered detonations often bear physical therapy show his hand and damaged a hospital that affect healing.

RISK FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLOSED REDUCTION MANAGEMENT OF THE COLLES’ FRACTURE / Мэс засал

Introduction: In 1814 Irish surgeonAbraham Coll first introduced distal radialbone fracture in clinical practice as a collesfracture. It is one of the most commonfractures account for 10-20% of the totalrespectively fracture. Case of Colles fracturehas being increased in the developed countryyear by year besides the increasing numberof elderly patients. Depending on severitydisplaced of the fracture, managementincludes closed reduction or surgicalprocedure. The aim of study was to studyresult of risk factors that influence theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.Materials and Methods: From hospitalbased population 80 patients aged between5-76 years (mean age 47.31 years, male61.25%, female 38.7%) were recruited bycross sectional and randomized method.Participants were divided into displaced andnon-displaced groups which confirmed byrefractive index difference on X-ray.Results: The risk factors that influence thecolles fracture closed reduction managementwas osteoporosis (p=0.38), menopause(r=0.18, p=0.27), calcium supplement intake(r=0.21, p=0.05), received hospital care in24 hour (p=0.39), apply plaster (p=0.64),hand sling immobilizer brace (p=0.5) andphysical therapy (p=0.5).Conclusion: Osteoporosis and menopausewere the risk factors that influenced theclosed reduction management of Collesfracture. The patient cases that not receivingemergency medical care in first 24 hours,not applying plaster, not using the hand slingimmobilizer brace and not receiving physicaltherapy was risk factors for extending theclosed reduction management of the Collesfracture.

Uso de risedronato na consolidação e formação do calo na fratura de Colles em mulheres na pós-menopausa - estudo solid / Use of risedronate for consolidation and callus formation in Colles fractures in postmenopausal women: solid study

OBJETIVO: Este estudo multicêntrico, randomizado, aberto, grupo paralelo avaliou a eficácia de Actonel(r) 35 mg mais cálcio/vitamina D versus cálcio/vitamina D isoladamente na preservação da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em mulheres pós-menopausadas com fratura de Colles. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com fratura de Colles em sete dias foram aleatoriamente designadas para receber Actonel(r) 35 mg semanalmente mais cálcio/vitamina D (Grupo AO [GAO]) ou cálcio/vitamina D (grupo O [GO]) isoladamente. As pacientes foram avaliadas após 90 e 180 dias de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Completaram as avaliações 59 pacientes no GAO e 56 no OG. No fim do estudo, a DMO do rádio no local da fratura mostrou variação negativa no GO (32,8%) que foi discretamente menor no GAO (20,8%), assim como uma perda menor na DMO no GAO comparado com o OG. Houve diferença na proporção de paciente com perda da DMO no fim do estudo nos dois grupos de tratamento em favor do GAO, apesar de não estatisticamente significante. Não houve diferença significativa na identificação radiológica da formação do calo entre os grupos de tratamento. Na maioria das pacientes a identificação radiológica do calo ocorreu depois de 90 dias. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres pós-menopausadas com fratura de Colles que receberam risedronato sódico, além do cálcio/vitamina D, comparado com cálcio/vitamina D não mostraram diferença significativa na perda da DMO na fratura do antebraço, com tendência de efeito protetor do risedronato na perda da DMO devido à imobilização. O tempo até a consolidação da fratura não foi afetado.

OBJECTIVE: This open, randomized and blinded parallel-group multicenter study evaluated the efficacy of Actonel(r) (35 mg) plus calcium/vitamin D versus calcium/vitamin D alone for preserving bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with Colles fractures. METHODS: Patients with a Colles fracture for seven days were randomized to receive either Actonel(r) (35 mg) once a week plus calcium/vitamin D (ACD group) or calcium/vitamin D alone (CD group). The patients were evaluated after 90 and 180 days of treatment. RESULTS: 59 ACD patients and 56 CD patients completed all the evaluations. At the end of the study, the BMD of the radius at the fracture location showed a negative change in the CD group (32.8%). The loss of BMD in the ACD group (20.8%) was slightly less than that in the CD group. There was a difference in the proportions of patients with BMD losses at the end of the study period in the two treatment groups, in favor of the ACD group, although this was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in radiological identification of callus formation between the treatment groups. In the majority of the patients, the callus could be radiologically identified after 90 days. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women with Colles fractures who received risedronate sodium plus calcium/vitamin D did not show any significant difference in BMD loss in forearm fractures, in comparison with those who received calcium/vitamin D alone. Risedronate presented a tendency toward a protective effect regarding BMD loss due to immobilization. The time taken for fracture consolidation to be achieved was unaffected.

Tratamiento rehabilitador integral en pacientes con fracturas de Colles consolidadas / Comprehensive rehabilitative treatment in patients with consolidated Colles fractures

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 50 pacientes con fracturas de Colles consolidadas, atendidos en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, en el período 2007-2008, a fin de evaluar el resultado del tratamiento rehabilitador integral. Se conformaron 2 grupos (control y de estudio) de 25 integrantes cada uno -- seleccionados de forma alterna --, quienes recibieron tratamiento convencional e integrador, respectivamente. Luego de aplicadas las escalas funcionales se evidenció mejor resultado terapéutico en los pacientes del segundo grupo, dado por menores complicaciones, mejor estado funcional de la muñeca y mano afectada y menor tiempo de recuperación.

A therapeutic intervention in 50 patients with consolidated Colles fractures; assisted in "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out in the period 2007-2008, in order to evaluate the result of the comprehensive rehabilitative treatment. Two groups were formed (control and study groups) of 25 members each -- selected in an alternating way -- who received conventional and integrative treatment, respectively. After having applied the functional scales, a better therapeutic result was evidenced in the patients of the second group, given by smaller complications, better functional state of the wrist and affected hand and shorter time of recovery.

Comparison of the effect of manipulative reduction and external fixation and internal fixation in the treatment of Colles fracture / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the effect of different fracture fixation in the treatment of patients with Colles fracture.Methods 120 patients with Colles fracture were randomly divided into the study group and control group,6 0 cases in each group.The control group received the manipulative reduction and external fixation frame,while the study group was treated with open reduction and plate fixation of implementation.The fracture prognosis and the incidence of complications were recorded and compared.Results The total effective rate of the study group was 93.3％,the total effective rate of the control group was 91.7％,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =2.083,P ＞ 0.05).The obvious effective rate of the study group was 83.3 ％,that of the control group was 66.7％,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.436,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complications between the two groups had no significant difference [3.3％ (2/60) vs 8.3％ (5/60),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The two plans in the treatment of Colles fracture had similar clinical effect,patients who unwilling to accept operation treatment can be given manipulative reduction and external fixation,if there is comminuted fracture,the open reduction and plate fixation should be implemented.

The IDEAL classification system: a new method for classifying fractures of the distal extremity of the radius description and reproducibility / Classificacao IDEAL: um novo metodo de classificacao para as fraturas da extremidade distal do radio descricao e reprodutibilidade

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There is no consensus concerning which classification for distal radius fractures is best and the existing methods present poor reproducibility. This study aimed to describe and assess the reproducibility of the new IDEAL classification, and to compare it with widely used systems. DESIGN AND SETTING Reproducibility study, Hand Surgery Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS The IDEAL classification and its evidence-based rationale are presented. Sixty radiographs (posteroanterior and lateral) from patients with distal radius fractures were classified by six examiners: a hand surgery specialist, a hand surgery resident, an orthopedic generalist, an orthopedic resident and two medical students. Each of them independently assessed the radiographs at three different times. We compared the intra and interobserver concordance of the IDEAL, AO, Frykman and Fernandez classifications using Cohen's kappa (κ) (for two observers) and Fleiss's κ (for more than two observers). RESULTS The concordance was high for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.771) and moderate for Frykman (κ = 0.556), Fernandez (κ = 0.671) and AO (κ = 0.650). The interobserver agreement was moderate for the IDEAL classification (κ = 0.595), but unsatisfactory for Frykman (κ = 0.344), Fernandez (κ = 0.496) and AO (κ = 0.343). CONCLUSION The reproducibility of the IDEAL classification was better than that of the other systems analyzed, thus making the IDEAL system suitable for application. Complementary studies will confirm whether this classification system makes adequate predictions for therapy and prognosis. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO Não existe consenso sobre qual é a melhor classificação para as fraturas do rádio distal e os métodos existentes apresentam baixa reprodutibilidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e avaliar a reprodutibilidade de uma nova classificação (a IDEAL) comparando-a com as classificações mais amplamente utilizadas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Estudo de reprodutibilidade, Disciplina de Cirurgia da Mão, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS Apresentamos a classificação IDEAL e sua fundamentação teórica baseada em evidências. Sessenta radiografias (anteroposterior e de perfil) de pacientes com fraturas do rádio distal foram classificadas por seis examinadores: um especialista e um residente de cirurgia da mão, um ortopedista, um residente de ortopedia e dois estudantes de medicina. Cada um, independentemente, avaliou as radiografias em três momentos diferentes. Analisamos a concordância intra e interobservador da classificação IDEAL, AO, Frykman e Fernandez, utilizando o kappa (κ) de Cohen (para dois observadores) e κ de Fleiss (para mais de dois observadores). RESULTADOS A concordância demonstrou-se elevada para a classificação IDEAL (κ = 0,771) e moderada para Frykman (κ = 0,556), Fernandez (κ = 0,671) e AO (κ = 0,650). A concordância interobservador foi moderada para a classificação IDEAL (κ = 0,595), mas insatisfatória para Frykman (κ = 0,344), Fernandez (κ = 0,496) e AO (κ = 0,343). CONCLUSÃO A reprodutibilidade da classificação IDEAL se demonstrou superior quando comparada às analisadas neste estudo, tornando a classificação IDEAL adequada para aplicação. Estudos complementares confirmarão se esta classificação é adequada para previsão ...

Long bone fractures identified in the Joseon Dynasty human skeletons of Korea / 대한해부학회지

Fracture is one of the pathological signs most frequently encountered in archaeologically obtained bones. To expand the paleopathological knowledge on traumatic injuries, it is desirable to secure data on long bone fractures from as wide a geographic and temporal range as possible. We present, for the first time, evidence of long bone fractures in a 16th-18th century Joseon skeletal series (n=96). In this study, we found 3 Colles' fractures of the radius in 2 individual cases. The pattern of fractures was unique. Although previous reports show that the ulna is broken more often than the radius, ulnar fracture associated with fending off a blunt attack was rare in our series (1/7 cases). Transverse fractures, typically caused by intentional violence, were also very rare (1/7 cases) in this study. These results may reflect the relatively tranquil lives of the Joseon people in 16th-18th century Korea. We also found post-fracture complications such as deformations, bone length shortening, and osteomyelitis. The present study would be of interest to medical scientists in related fields because it is one of the few studies conducted on long bone fractures among pre-modern societies in East Asian countries, thus far.

Osteotomias do rádio distal com uso de placa volar de ângulo fixo / Osteotomy of the distal radius using a fixed-angle volar plate

OBJETIVO: A consolidação viciosa do rádio distal, por sequela de fratura, pode causar incapacidade funcional, levando o paciente a apresentar dor, perda de força e diminuição da mobilidade. Baseando-se nos excelentes resultados obtidos com o tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas instáveis do rádio distal com a utilização de abordagem volar e o uso de fixação rígida com a placa volar de ângulo fixo, começamos a utilizar o mesmo método para as osteotomias do rádio distal. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva e encontrou-se 20 pacientes, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a outubro 2009. O tempo de acompanhamento médio foi de 43,9 meses (variando de 12-96 meses). A indicação cirúrgica foi de dor persistente, deformidade e limitação funcional após fratura de deslocamento dorsal. RESULTADOS: A deformidade média pré-operatória foi de 27º de inclinação dorsal do rádio distal, 87º de angulação ulnar e 7,3 milímetros de encurtamento do rádio. Todas as osteotomias consolidaram e a média final de angulação volar do rádio distal foi de 6,2º, com 69,3º de angulação ulnar e um milímetro de encurtamento. A mobilidade média do punho aumentou em 19,9º na flexão e em 24º na extensão. No antebraço, a supinação média aumentou em 23,5º e em 21,7º na pronação. A força do punho aumentou de 13,4 para 34,5 libras. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da placa volar de ângulo fixo por abordagem volar para as osteotomias do rádio distal permite uma correção satisfatória das deformidades e elimina a necessidade de remoção do material de síntese por complicações nos tendões.

OBJETIVE: Skewed consolidation of the distal radius, due to sequelae of fractures, may cause functional incapacity, thus leading such patients to present pain, loss of strength and diminished mobility. Based on the excellent results obtained from surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal radius through a volar approach and use of rigid fixation with a fixed-angle volar plate, we started to use the same method for osteotomy of the distal radius. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted, and 20 patients treated between February 2002 and October 2009 were found. The mean length of follow-up was 43.9 months (range: 12 to 96 months). The surgical indications were persistent pain, deformity and functional limitation subsequent to a dorsally displaced fracture. RESULTS: The mean preoperative deformity was 27º of dorsal tilt of the distal radius, 87º of ulnar tilt, and 7.3 mm of shortening of the radius. All the osteotomies consolidated and the final mean volar tilt was 6.2º, with ulnar tilt of 69.3º and shortening of 1 mm. The mean mobility of the wrist increased by 19.9º (flexion) and by 24º(extension). Mean forearm supination increased by 23.5º and pronation by 21.7º. Grip strength increased from 13.4 to 34.5 pounds. CONCLUSION: Use of a fixed-angle volar plate for a volar approach towards osteotomy of the distal radius enables satisfactory correction of the deformities and eliminates the need for removal of the synthesis material caused by tendon complications.

Reabilitação das fraturas do rádio distal: [revisão] / Rehabilitation of distal radius fractures: [review]

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evidência do efeito e eleição da conduta terapêutica nas fraturas do rádio distal. A revisão sistemática utilizou as bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Pedro, Cochrane, Scielo, OTseeker, sem restrições de período de publicação, com as seguintes palavras chaves: fraturas do rádio, reabilitação, terapia ocupacional, fisioterapia, incluindo línguas inglesa, espanhola, francesa e portuguesa. Os estudos encontrados foram avaliados independentemente pelos dois autores utilizando critérios da escala PEDro. Estudos não experimentais foram incluídos em busca de esclarecimentos sobre a reabilitação. Foram encontrados 22 estudos, sendo 14 ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados (ECRs). Dentre eles, quatro compararam mobilização precoce com tratamento convencional apresentando evidência moderada a favor da primeira; sete confrontaram tratamento baseado em exercícios domiciliares com tratamento em consultório apontando evidência conflitiva (um deles também comprovou eficácia de mobilização acessória passiva); e três analisaram eficácia de procedimentos terapêuticos: campo eletromagnético pulsado, drenagem linfática, ultra-som, indicando evidências limitadas. Os nove estudos não experimentais encontrados não apresentaram informações suficientes sobre os questionamentos desta pesquisa. Observou-se uma tendência dos autores em utilizar os princípios gerais da reabilitação ao elaborar condutas terapêuticas, mas os procedimentos utilizados não estão bem atestados pela literatura.

The aim of this study was to assess the evidence regarding the adoption and effectiveness of therapeutic procedures employed for rehabilitation of distal radius fractures. This systematic review used the following databases: PubMed, Lilacs, PEDro, Cochrane, Scielo and OTseeker, without time restrictions. The following keywords were searched for: distal radius fracture, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, physiotherapy including reports in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. Twenty-two studies were retrieved and analyzed by two independent investigators following the PEDro scale criteria. Other non-experimental studies were included for additional information regarding certain rehabilitation approaches. Of the 14 randomized controlled clinical trials, four compared early mobilization to conventional therapy, showing moderate evidence in favor of earlier mobilization. Seven compared home therapy based on orientations to individual conventional therapy and found conflicting evidences. Three studies also analyzed the efficacy of the following specific therapeutic procedures: Pulsating magnetic field, lymphatic drainage, and ultrasound, which showed limited empirical support. The nine non-experimental studies did not add sufficient information regarding these issues. There was a trend to employ general principles of rehabilitation when elaborating these therapeutic approaches, but these procedures were not adequately supported by literature.

Treatment of distal radius fractures:a comparison between plate internal fixation and percutaneous K-wires fixation / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the clinical results of open reduction and plate internal fixation and percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation in the management of distal radius fractures. Methods A retrospective comparison was done on clinical data of 110 patients with distal radius fractures who were treated by plate internal fixation and that of 107 by pereutaneous kirschner-wire fixation from January 2002 to June 2007. Results All patients were followed up for 5-12 months. According to Gartland and Werley scoring system, the excellent rate was 86.4% in plate internal fixation group, which was significantly higher than 74.8% in percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation group (P <0.05). As for type C3 fractures, the excellent rate of the two groups were 76.9% and 70.0%, with no statistical difference (P >0.05). Conclusions Compared with percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation, plate internal fixation is better in treatment of distal radius fractures, but has poor results in management of type C3 fractures.

Reducción de la fractura de Colles cerrada con electroacupuntura.: Reporte de un caso / Reduction of Colles´s closed fracture with electroacupuncture.: A case report

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 18 años de edad, blanco, con antecedentes de salud anterior, que acudió al cuerpo de guardia de nuestro centro por presentar dolor intenso en la mano derecha con deformidad de la articulación de la muñeca, la cual se produjo por una caída. Se comprobó el diagnóstico clínico a los rayos X, se apreció fractura de Colles cerrada. Se aplicó tratamiento con electroacupuntura con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de este método acupuntural para lograr realizar la reducción manual de esta fractura. La electroacupuntura se realizó en el mismo lado de la lesión, mediante los puntos locales intestino grueso 4 (Ig 4: Hegu) y Sanliao 5 (Sj 5: Waiguan) con fines analgésicos con el empleo del equipo electroacupuntural multipropósito KWD 808 II, de fabricación china, con la onda continua a una intensidad tolerable por el paciente y alta frecuencia (100 herz), luego se procedió a realizar la maniobra reductiva de la fractura y se evaluó la técnica a través de la variable dolor durante la manipulación. La maniobra reductiva resultó eficaz con el uso de ésta técnica ya que se pudo realizar la misma sin dolor ni quejas por el paciente.

The case of a white, 18-year-old patient is presented, with previous health antecedents that came to the emergency room by presenting intense pain in the right hand with deformity of the articulation of the wrist, which was produced by a fall. The clinical diagnosis to the X-rays was verified, a Colles´s closed fracture was appreciated. Electroacupuncture treatment with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of this acupunctural method to achieve the manual reduction of this fracture was applied. Electroacupuncture in the same side of the lesion was performed, by means of the local points large intestine 4 (Ig 4: Hegu) and Sanliao 5 (Sj 5: Waiguan) with analgesic purposes with the employment of the KWD 808 II multipurpose electroacupunctural equipment, of Chinese production, with continuous wave to a tolerable intensity for the patient and high frequency (100 herz), then it was proceeded to carry out the reductive maneuver of the fracture and the technique through the variable pain during manipulation was evaluated. The reductive maneuver turned out to be efficient with the use of this technique since it could be carried out without pain neither complaints by the patient.

Are distal radius fracture classifications reproducible? Intra and interobserver agreement / As classificações das fraturas do rádio distal são reprodutíveis? Concordância intra e interobservadores

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Various classification systems have been proposed for fractures of the distal radius, but the reliability of these classifications is seldom addressed. For a fracture classification to be useful, it must provide prognostic significance, interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. The aim here was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver agreement of distal radius fracture classifications. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a validation study on interobserver and intraobserver reliability. It was developed in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina. METHOD: X-rays from 98 cases of displaced distal radius fracture were evaluated by five observers: one third-year orthopedic resident (R3), one sixth-year undergraduate medical student (UG6), one radiologist physician (XRP), one orthopedic trauma specialist (OT) and one orthopedic hand surgery specialist (OHS). The radiographs were classified on three different occasions (times T1, T2 and T3) using the Universal (Cooney), Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF), Frykman and Fernández classifications. The kappa coefficient (κ) was applied to assess the degree of agreement. RESULTS: Among the three occasions, the highest mean intraobserver k was observed in the Universal classification (0.61), followed by Fernández (0.59), Frykman (0.55) and AO/ASIF (0.49). The interobserver agreement was unsatisfactory in all classifications. The Fernández classification showed the best agreement (0.44) and the worst was the Frykman classification (0.26). CONCLUSION: The low agreement levels observed in this study suggest that there is still no classification method with high reproducibility.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Para que as classificações das fraturas possam ser úteis, elas devem prover o prognóstico, apresentar concordância interobservador e reprodutibilidade intraobservador. O objetivo foi avaliar a concordância intra e interobservadores das classificações das fraturas do rádio distal. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de validação (concordância intra e interobservadores), desenvolvido no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp-EPM), São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 90 fraturas do rádio distal com desvio por meio de radiografias por cinco observadores (um médico residente de Ortopedia do terceiro ano, um graduando do sexto ano de medicina, um médico radiologista, um ortopedista especializado em trauma e um ortopedista especializado em cirurgia da mão) em três momentos diferentes, empregando as classificações Universal (Cooney), AO/ASIF (Osteosynthesfragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation), Frykman e Fernández. Aplicou-se o coeficiente de concordância kappa (κ) para avaliação das classificações. RESULTADOS: O maior κ intraobservador médio, se considerarmos os três momentos, foi da classificação Universal (κ = 0,61), seguida da Fernández (κ = 0,59), Frykman (κ = 0,55) e AO/ASIF (κ = 0,49). A concordância interobservador foi insatisfatória em todas as classificações. A classificação de Fernández mostrou a melhor concordância (κ = 0,44) e a pior foi a de Frykman (κ = 0,26). CONCLUSÃO: Os baixos níveis de concordância observados neste estudo sugerem que atualmente ainda não há um método de classificação plenamente reprodutível.

Fractures of the distal radius (Colles' fracture)

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Although Colles' fracture is a common clinical situation for the orthopedist, we did not find any information in the literature that would allow safe decision-making on the best treatment for each fracture type. The aim of the present study was to investigate Brazilian orthopedists' opinions regarding the main aspects of treatments for Colles' fracture. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted during the 34th Brazilian Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology. METHODS: Five hundred questionnaires containing 12 items were randomly distributed to orthopedists who were attending the congress; 439 were filled out correctly and were considered in this study. RESULTS: The main factors in making decisions on interventions in fracture cases were whether the fracture was intra-articular, the existence of shortening of the distal radius and the patient's age. The classification method most used was Frykmann. The closed reduction method most used was manual reduction. The principal surgical interventions were percutaneous pinning (39 percent), external fixation (27 percent) and volar plate (19 percent). Most of the interviewees only used bone grafts for osseous gaps in special cases. The most frequent complications were impairment of joint mobility and residual pain. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian orthopedists have concordant opinions regarding conservative treatment methods and the use of bone grafts. There were conflicting opinions regarding surgical treatment methods, classification types and complications.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Embora as fraturas de Colles sejam uma situação clínica comum para os ortopedistas, não encontramos na literatura elementos que permitam decidir com segurança sobre a melhor forma de tratamento para cada tipo dessas fraturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a conduta dos ortopedistas brasileiros quanto aos principais aspectos do tratamento das fraturas de Colles. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, realizado durante o 34° Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, São Paulo (SP). MÉTODOS: 500 questionários, com 12 itens foram distribuídos aleatoriamente aos congressistas, sendo que 439 foram corretamente preenchidos e considerados no estudo. RESULTADOS: Os principais fatores para a decisão e opção da forma de tratamento foram o grau de acometimento articular, o encurtamento do rádio e a idade. O método de classificação das fraturas do rádio distal mais utilizada é o de Frikmann. Como métodos cirúrgicos, 39 por cento dos entrevistados utilizam uma das três técnicas de pinagem percutânea, 27 por cento utilizam o fixador externo e 19 por cento utilizam osteossíntese com placa volar. Quanto à utilização de enxerto ósseo, a maioria dos entrevistados somente o utiliza em casos especiais. As complicações mais freqüentes foram a restrição do arco de movimento e a dor residual. CONCLUSÃO: A conduta do ortopedista brasileiro é concordante quanto à forma de tratamento conservador e à utilização de enxerto ósseo. Há conflito de opiniões quanto ao método de classificação das fraturas; aos métodos de tratamento cirúrgico e às complicações.

Biomechanics of plastic splint on the treatment of Colles fracture / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical effect of the plastic splint on treatment of Colles fracture.[Method]A total of 105 patients with Colles fracture were collected between September 2002 and August 2008.All patients were perfromed using the plastic splint afrer diaplasis.According to Gartland and Werley scoring syste,the function of wrist was evaluated after 3 months.[Result]There are only 2 cases losing during treatment,103 cases were finished.The average excellent to good case was 90.3%,including 80 cases of being excellent,13 of being good,7 of being fair and 3 of being poor.[Conclusion]The plastic splint is exactly effective to treatment Colles fracture,especially,it could effectively relieve swelling and improve the contour of the wrists.Theses all rely on reasonable biomechanics design.