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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-212036

ABSTRACT

Background: Annual incidence of thyroid nodules ranges from 40,000 to 70,000 per 1 lac population worldwide. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is widely accepted simple, cost effective and quick to perform outpatient procedure with minimal complication. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Bethesda, Maryland, United States standardized the reporting system for thyroid FNA by using Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology.Methods: FNA was performed in total 155 patients presenting with the thyroid swelling with or without Ultrasonography (USG) guidance. All patients were analyzed for age, gender, type of lesions. FNA was done and smears were examined and reported according to Bethesda system of reporting for thyroid cytopathology. Findings were correlated with post-operative histopathological diagnoses in 103 cases who underwent surgery.Results: Out of total 155 patients, 32 were male and 123 were female. Average age of presentation was 38.4 years. On cytology, according to Bethesda system, most cases were in benign category (76.1%) followed by malignant (8.4%). On histopathological study most common diagnosis was colloid goiter followed by papillary thyroid carcinoma. From the study it was found that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions were 81.8%, 97.3% and 95.4% respectively.Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is simple, easy to perform, cost effective procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in case of thyroid lesions.

2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 84(1): 20-27, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889353

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography in differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in comparison to results of guided fine needle aspiration cytology based on the Bayes rule. Objective To assess the validity of ultrasonography results of thyroid nodules in comparison to guided fine needle aspiration cytology findings. Methods This study was done on randomly chosen 80 patients presented with palpable thyroid nodules, undergone real-time sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules to characterize features, internal consistency, margins, echotexture, calcification, peripheral lucent halo and vascularity. Ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology studies of thyroid nodules were done. Results Palpable thyroid nodules were highly prevalent in fourth and fifth decades of life with female-male ratio, 4:1. Solid internal consistency was demonstrated by 75% malignant nodules. Hypoechogenicity and intra-nodular micro-calcifications were observed in 92% malignant nodules; 83% malignant nodules had intra-nodular vascularity and absence of peripheral halo. The pre-test prevalence of malignant nodules in the targeted population was 17.5%. As type I error, 2.5% false-positive cases and as type II error, 5.0% false-negative cases were detected. Values of sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasonography test were 71.43 and 96.97%, respectively. Conclusion Malignant thyroid nodules demonstrated ultrasonography characteristics of hypoechoic texture, intra-nodular micro-calcifications, solid consistency, internal vascularity and absence of peripheral halo. The ultrasonography test has 92.5% diagnostic accuracy to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in comparison to the gold standard fine needle aspiration cytology test.


Resumo Introdução Avaliar a precisão diagnóstica da ultrassonografia de alta resolução na diferenciação de nódulos tireoidianos benignos e malignos em comparação com os resultados da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina baseada na regra de Bayes. Objetivo Avaliar a validade dos resultados da USG de nódulos da tireoide em comparação com os resultados obtidos por citologia de aspiração por agulha fina. Método Este estudo foi feito em 80 pacientes selecionados aleatoriamente, que apresentavam nódulos palpáveis da tireoide, submetidos à avaliação ultrassonográfica em tempo real de nódulos da tireoide para estabelecer características, consistência interna, margens, ecotextura, calcificação, halo lucente periférico e vascularização. Foram feitos estudos por citologia de aspiração por agulha fina guiados pela USG dos nódulos de tireoide. Resultados Nódulos palpáveis da tireoide foram altamente prevalentes na quarta e quinta décadas de vida com uma razão sexo feminino-masculino de 4:1. A consistência interna sólida foi demonstrada em 75% de nódulos malignos. Hipoecogenicidade e microcalcificações intranodulares foram observadas em 92% de nódulos malignos; 83% dos nódulos malignos apresentaram vascularidade intranodular e ausência de halo periférico. A prevalência pré-teste de nódulos malignos na população alvo foi de 17,5%. Como erro tipo I, houve 2,5% de casos falso-positivos e como erro tipo II, foram detectados 5,0% de casos falso-negativos. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do exame por USG foram de 71,43 e 96,97%, respectivamente. Conclusão Nódulos malignos da tireoide mostraram características de textura hipoecoica, microcalcificações intranodulares, consistência sólida, vascularidade interna e ausência de halo periférico na USG. O exame por USG tem 92,5% de precisão diagnóstica para diferenciar lesões malignas de benignas em comparação com o padrão ouro da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina.

3.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 37(5): 316-322, set.-out. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-569333

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a expressão citofotométrica quantitativa do marcador caspase-3 no bócio colóide e no carcinoma papilífero da tireóide e comparar a imunoexpessão entre as doenças. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo imunoistoquímico da proteína caspase-3 em 17 blocos de parafina de carcinoma papilífero da tiróide e 20 de bócio colóide, através do sistema SAMBA 4000 - (Sistema de análise microscópica de busca automática), objetivando-se analisar duas variáveis: índice de marcagem e densidade óptica. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa quanto ao índice de marcagem da caspase-3, entre o bócio colóide e o carcinoma papilífero, sendo maior no carcinoma, e não foi encontrada diferença significativa quanto à densidade óptica. Para o bócio colóide, o coeficiente de correlação estimado entre o índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica foi igual a 0,72, indicando assim, a rejeição da hipótese nula (p <0,001), afirmando-se que existe associação positiva e significativa entre o índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica da caspase-3. Para o carcinoma papilífero da tiróide, o coeficiente de correlação estimado entre o índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica 3 foi de 0,34. O resultado do teste estatístico indicou que não se pode afirmar que existe associação entre esses parâmetros. CONCLUSÃO: Para o bócio colóide existe associação positiva e significativa entre as duas variáveis, índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica da caspase-3, enquanto que para o carcinoma papilífero não existe essa associação. O estudo comparativo entre a análise quantitativa da caspase-3, demonstrou que a apoptose é mais evidente no carcinoma papilífero do que no bócio colóide.


OBJECTIVE: To describe quantitative cytophotometric expression of the marker caspase-3 in colloid goiter and in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, comparing the immunoexpression between them. METHODS: An immunohistochemistry study has been made on the protein caspase-3 in 17 of paraffin blocks of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and 20 cases of colloid goiter, using SAMBA 4000 ® (System of Microscopic Analysis of Automatic Search), aiming analysis of the two variables: marker index and optical density. RESULTS: Statistic analysis indicated a significant difference for marker index between colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma, being this difference larger in the carcinoma. It hasn't been found significant difference in optical density. For colloid goiter, the estimated correlation coefficient between the marker index and optical density was 0,72, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis (p <0,001), affirming that positive and significant association exists between them. For the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, the same correlation was 0,34 and so, it is not possible to affirm that there's an association between them. CONCLUSION: For colloid goiter there is a positive and significant association between the two variables - marker index and optical density -, while for the papillary carcinoma, this is not proved. The quantitative analysis for caspase-3 demonstrates that apoptosis is larger in the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid than in colloid goiter.


Subject(s)
Humans , /biosynthesis , Goiter, Nodular/enzymology , Cytophotometry , /analysis , Immunohistochemistry , Thyroid Gland/chemistry , Thyroid Neoplasms/chemistry , Thyroid Neoplasms/enzymology
4.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 49(3)jul.-sep. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-584318

ABSTRACT

Se informa el caso de una paciente de 71 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, que acude a consulta externa pues hace unos 5 años presenta aumento de volumen de la región inferior y lateral del cuello que se acompaña de decaimientos, palpitaciones y disfagia ocasional. Se realizaron los estudios de laboratorio para la valoración preoperatoria, además de los estudios de la función tiroidea, radiografías de tórax (vista anteroposterior), tomografía de tórax, ecografía de la tiroides y biopsia de aspiración con aguja fina. Se encontró un bocio endotorácico eutiroideo y se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico que consistió en hemitiroidectomía izquierda con istmectomía. El transoperatorio y el posoperatorio transcurrieron sin complicaciones, y el informe anatomopatológico reveló la presencia de un bocio coloide nodular(AU)


This is the case of a female patient aged 71 with a history of high blood pressure seen in external consultation since five years ago she presents a volume increase of lower and lateral region of the neck accompanied of weakness, palpitations and occasional dysphagia. Laboratory studies were conducted to preoperative assessment in addition to thyroid function studies, thorax X-rays (anteroposterior view), thorax tomography, thyroid gland echography and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). A euthyroid endothoracic goiter was present; surgical treatment was done consisting of left hemithyroidectomy with isthmectomy. In transoperative and postoperative periods there were not complications and the anatomic and pathologic report revealed the presence of nodular colloid goiter(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Goiter, Nodular/pathology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Goiter, Substernal/diagnosis , Thyroidectomy/methods
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(6): 1007-1012, ago. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464295

ABSTRACT

A doença nodular tiroidiana é problema clínico comum, principalmente em regiões com carência de iodo. Esse estudo avaliou a eficácia da injeção percutânea de etanol (IPE) no tratamento de nódulos tiroidianos únicos, múltiplos, sólidos, císticos, de diferentes tamanhos com ou sem disfunção glandular, em região endêmica de bócio. Quarenta e dois pacientes com diagnóstico de bócio colóide ou hiperplasia nodular colóide, na punção biópsia aspirativa por agulha fina (PBAAF), foram selecionados para análise após terem sido submetidos a pelo menos duas IPEs. Os nódulos tiroidianos eram múltiplos (sólidos e ou císticos) em 52,4 por cento dos pacientes, únicos e sólidos ou mistos em 35,7 por cento e únicos e císticos em 11,9 por cento. A redução média dos nódulos após injeção de etanol foi de 58,2 por cento para os únicos e 60,8 por cento nos císticos. Nos nódulos múltiplos, avaliou-se a redução de todo o lobo tiroidiano, alcançando 52,4 por cento de redução. Os efeitos colaterais registrados foram decorrentes apenas do desconforto na aplicação. Este estudo indica que a injeção percutânea de etanol (IPE), alcançando reduções médias de volume que variam de 49 a 60 por cento, é método seguro, eficaz e simples para o tratamento de nódulos tiroidianos benignos.


Thyroid nodular disease is a common clinical disorder mainly in iodine lacking regions. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of single, multiple, solid, and cystic thyroid nodules of different sizes with or without glandular dysfunction, in goiter endemic region. Forty-two patients with diagnosis of colloid goiter or colloid nodular hyperplasia in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were selected for analysis, after having been submitted to at least two PEI. Thyroid nodules were multiple (solid and or cystic) in 52.4 percent of the patients, single and solid or mixed in 35.7 percent, and single and cystic in 11.9 percent. The mean reduction of nodules after ethanol injection was of 58.2 percent in the single and of 60.8 percent in the cystic ones. The reduction of the whole thyroid lobe was evaluated in the multiple nodules and it reached 52.4 percent. The side-effects were registered only as a consequence of the application discomfort. This study points out that the percutaneous ethanol injection reaching volume mean reductions, varying from 49 percent to 60 percent, is a safe, effective, and simple method for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Goiter, Endemic/drug therapy , Goiter, Nodular/drug therapy , Solvents/therapeutic use , Thyroid Nodule/drug therapy , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Injections, Intralesional , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional
6.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1264260

ABSTRACT

Depuis les observations de Marine vers les annees 1950; le goitre colloide est considere comme etant le resultat de l'accumulation de colloide apres l'arret de la stimulation de la glande prealablement hy-perplasique. Nous avons injecte ou administre par voie orale; 1mg de chloroquine a des rats Wistar pendant 1 ou 3 jours. D'autres rats ont d'abord recu le 6 - Propyl - 2 Thiouracil (0;25) dans leur ali-mentation avant l'administration de la chloroquine. Les rats ont ete peses ainsi que leur thyroide. Les coupes histologiques ont ete traitees au PAS. Nous avons observe une augmentation des poids moyen absolu et relatif; un goitre colloide et parfois des depots de substance fibrinoide. Ces observa-tions font suggerer un blocage de l'endocytose par la chloroquine. L'usage de la chloroquine au long cours pourrait etre implique dans la pathogenie du goitre dans les regions d'endemie palustre


Subject(s)
Chloroquine , Goiter , Rats, Wistar , Thyroid Gland
7.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1264262

ABSTRACT

Nous avons etudie l'effet de la chloroquine sur la production du peroxyde d'hydrogene par la thyroide de porc et les modifications morphologiques induites. Trois groupes experimentaux ont ete constitues : porcs temoin (sans traitement); porcs traites a la chloroquine et porcs traites a la chloroquine associee a l'iodure de sodium. Nous avons demontre que l'administration de la chloroquine a induit dans la thyroide de porc; un elargissement des lumieres folliculaires; un aplatissement de l'epithelium glandulaire et une augmentation brutale de la production d'H202 suivie d'une stabilisation. D'apres nos resultats; la chloroquine n'aurait donc pas d'effet direct sur l'enzyme la NAD(P)H oxydase. Cette etude suscite de nouvelles questions et devra etre poursuivie sur d'autres molecules utilisees dans le traitement du paludisme. Mots cles : chloroquine; goitre experimental; goitre colloide; production d'H2O2


Subject(s)
Animal Experimentation , Chloroquine , Goiter , Hydrogen Peroxide , Thyroid Gland
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