ABSTRACT
Background: Thyroid gland is an endocrine organ. The non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions affecting the gland can manifest as the swelling of the gland with thyroid dysfunction. Based on cytology, the diseases can be categorized into non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic, and malignant neoplastic conditions and according to hormone status, the lesions of thyroid can be categorized in hypothyroid, euthyroid, or hyperthyroid condition. Aims and Objectives: Our study was done to find out the various cytomorphological spectrum of thyroid diseases and to record their common clinical presentation along with hormonal status in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Odisha. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 cases of thyroid disorder were taken for analysis over a period of 2 years. Patients demographic data, brief clinical features, finding on FNAC (cytomorphology), and thyroid function status were analyzed with appropriate statistical method. Results: The predominant age group affected was 21–40 years and total female to male patient ratio was 5.5:1. Most common presentations were heat intolerance (22.27%), cold intolerance (28.63%), and tachycardia (27.72%) apart from thyroid enlargement. Most common non-neoplastic lesion were multinodular and colloid goiter constituting 38.18% of total cases and most common neoplastic lesion was papillary carcinoma constituting 14.55% of total cases. Thyroid function test showed predominantly euthyroid states for all conditions. Conclusion: As the rest part of India, this part of Odisha also showed that thyroid disorders are more common in females and the most affected age group is 21–40 years. Multinodular and colloid goiter are the most common thyroid lesions. Most of the cases present with euthyroid state.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diseases of the thyroid gland are one of the most common endocrine disorders in India and the world, many of these diseases require surgery for their treatment. The incidence of thyroid diseases differs from one geographical area to another. This study was aimed at finding out the thyroid pathologies for which thyroid surgeries were performed in D. Y. Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai.Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of all the patients who have undergone thyroid surgeries (lobectomy, hemithyroidectomy, subtotal or near total thyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy) in D. Y. Patil hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019 (2 years duration).Results: Most common pathology for which thyroidectomy was performed was colloid goitre (41.33%). Benign diseases of the thyroid was much more common (76%) than malignant diseases (24%). Most common malignancy was papillary carcinoma thyroid. Thyroid surgeries were most commonly performed on women in their 5th decade of life.Conclusions: Colloid goitre was the most common pathology for which thyroid surgeries were performed and females in their 5th decade of life were the most common patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
ABSTRACT
Background: Thyroid nodules are a common entity encountered in clinical practice and the prevalence by palpation is only 3-7%, but on ultrasonographic evaluation it is 20-76% with wide variability. Accurate prediction of malignancy with minimal diagnostic modalities and assessing the risk factors in malignancy may help in reducing extensive procedures. The objective of the study is to assess the risk factors associated with development of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodules and to find out the percentage of malignancy among the cases of solitary nodules.Methods: A three year prospective study was conducted at ACSR medical college and all cases diagnosed as solitary thyroid nodules were enrolled and institutional ethical approval was obtained. Socio demographic data, clinical history and ultrasonogram findings were collected and entered in a separate data sheet for analysis. Fine needle aspiration cytology, histopathological examination was done and reported findings were noted. Statistical analysis was done in SPPS version 20 and ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: 128 cases of solitary thyroid nodules (STN) with 41 male and 87 female cases and F:M ratio of 2.13:1 with mean age of 46.6±10.8 years was enrolled. 43.75% were euthyroid, 47.66% were hypothyroid and 8.59% were hyperthyroid on hormonal evaluation. Micro calcification was observed in 50.78%, increased vascularity in 38.28% and irregular margins in 34.38% of cases. Colloid goitre was predominant observation on fine needle aspiration cytology (40.6%) and follicular adenoma (32%) on histopathology.Conclusions: Features of micro calcification, solid echogenicity, and associated lymphadenopathy are associated features with increased risk of malignancy among STN.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diseases of thyroid are one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting general population which range from non-neoplastic to neoplastic lesions. The incidence and pattern of thyroid lesions depend on various factors which include sex, age, ethnic and geographical patterns. Majority of thyroid lesions are non-neoplastic only <5% are malignant. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and histomorphological pattern of thyroidectomy specimens and their relationship with age and sex of the patient.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Govt. Medical College, Alappuzha for a period of 2 years. The study included 620 thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology. All the biopsy reports were reviewed, and different lesions were categorised according to age and gender distribution. The data was analysed by standard statistical methods.Results: The commonest of the non-neoplastic lesions was nodular colloid goiter followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis Nodular hyperplasia and thyroglossal cyst. Most common malignant lesion in this study is papillary carcinoma and benign lesion is follicular adenoma. Age group of patients ranged from 6 ½ to 84 years. The study showed a female predominance of 88.38%.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered endocrine diseases. The study showed a female predominance. Peak age of incidence of thyroid lesions was between 40 and 50 years. Most common lesion was follicular adenoma and most common malignant lesion was papillary carcinoma.Histopathological examination is the mainstay for definite diagnosis and management of thyroid neoplasms.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fine needle aspiration of thyroid neoplasm is cost effective procedure to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions in most of the cases. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of different thyroid lesions, particularly differentiation of malignant and non malignant lesions. Materials and methods: Study comprised of 220 cases of thyroid FNAC’s which were followed by excision biopsy. Their FNAC’s diagnosis was compared with histopathological diagnosis. Results: Among 220 cases of FNAC’s 151 was diagnosed as benign (68.63%), 58 cases as malignant (26.36%) and 11 case as follicular neoplasms (5.0%). Colloid goitre represented the majority of benign cases while papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion. Cytological findings were compared with their corresponding histopathological findings. Conclusion: Benign and malignant thyroid lesions can be differentiate accurately by FNAC however certain pitfalls should be kept in mind.