Clinical effect of application of tegafur combined with standardized adjuvant therapy in stage of Ⅲ carcinoma of colon and rectum / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the clinical treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ carcinoma of colon and rectum by tegafur chemotherapeutic drugs combined with standardized adjuvant therapy. Methods The data of 60 cases of carcinoma of colon and rectum treated in Wenzhou Central hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were collected. The patients were divided into three groups, non standardized adjuvant treatment group of 18 cases, standardized adjuvant treatment group of 15 cases and tegafur drug combined with standardized treatment group of 27 cases. Recorded and compared the survival rate of the three groups within three years, the statistics of each group of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rate (OS). According to the duration of treatment group, the use of oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFOX) treatment, analyzed and recorded OS and DFS. Follow-up examinations were performed in patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Recorded and compared the OS and DFS of each group. Results Tegafur drug combined with standardized treatment group DFS and OS were significantly higher than the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, when treated with FOLFOX regimen, the DFS and OS of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of groupⅠand groupⅡ, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the follow-up survey of three groups, the rates of recurrence and death in patients treated with tegafur drug combined with standardized treatment group were significantly lower than those in the non standardized adjuvant treatment group and the standardized adjuvant treatment group. Conclusion Tegafur combined with adjuvant therapy can significantly improve the standardization of the rate of carcinoma of colon and rectum and the rate of disease-free survival, it is suggested that doctors use chemotherapy combined with auxiliary standardized therapy, can significantly improve the survival of patients, and reduce the risk of disease recurrence rate.

A Granular Cell Tumor of the Rectum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon mesenchymal lesion that rarely occurs in the colon and the rectum. We describe the case of 51-year-old man with a 2-cm-sized rectal GCT 10 cm above the anal verge that was incidentally detected after a screening colonoscopy. Preoperative radiologic studies demonstrated a suspicious submucosal rectal mass with mesorectal fat infiltration, but without circumferential resection margin threatening, extramural vessel invasion, and regional lymph-node enlargement. The tumor was resected by using a transanal endoscopic operation (TEO) without immediate postoperative complications. The final pathology revealed that the tumor consisted of a GCT that had invaded the subserosa with clear margins. It had no other risk factors for malignancy according to Fanburg-Smith criteria. We systematically reviewed the English literature by using PubMed and Google Scholar. This report may be the first documented case in the literature to describe a TEO for a GCT that had invaded the subserosa in the rectum.

Pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes e achado colonoscópico em 60 pacientes / Fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy diagnosis in 60 patients

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma colo-retal ocorre em alta porcentagem, e é causa comum de morte. A maior incidência se dá nas mais altas faixas etárias, e tanto homens como mulheres são igualmente afetados. Há diferenças no risco para desenvolver carcinoma. Exames preventivos são importantes para reduzir a mortalidade. A pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes é um método antigo, mais simples que os demais e se baseia na idéia que os pólipos e os carcinomas sangram intermitentemente, e nos últimos anos houve maior interesse nessa técnica. OBJETIVO: avaliar as vantagens da pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes como método de triagem na detecção de lesões pré-malignas e malignas em nossa população sintomática, correlacionando-a com os resultados da colonoscopia. MÉTODO: realizou-se estudo em 60 pacientes da Santa Casa de São Paulo, sintomáticos e com indicação de colonoscopia, que haviam antes realizado pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes com o método da benzidina. RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi de 54,2 anos, variando de 12 a 92 anos, sendo 31 mulheres e 28 homens. Os resultados dos exames de sangue oculto foram positivos em 25 e negativos em 34. Várias lesões causadoras de sangramento foram diagnosticadas, e observamos que nos cálculos aritméticos sobre os resultados, a pesquisa do sangue oculto revelou sensibilidade de 63,7 por cento, especificidade de 81 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 28 por cento e negativo de 88 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados da aplicação de um método de triagem mostra que a pesquisa do sangue oculto fecal pela benzidina, é exame de eleição para ser aplicado em programas sociais de prevenção de carcinoma colo-retal para pacientes sintomáticos.

BACKGROUND: colon and rectal carcinoma are frequent occurrences and common causes of death. The elderly, both male and female, are the most affected group and preventive exams are essential to reduce mortality rates. The fecal occult blood tests are long-established and simple methods which are based on the idea that polyps and carcinomas bleed frequently. In recent times, the interest in these methods grew considerably. OBJECTIVE: the study evaluates the relevance of fecal occult blood test as a screening method in symptomatic patients compared to colonoscopy results. METHOD: 60 symptomatic patients with colon and rectal ailments at Santa Casa of São Paulo Hospital underwent fecal occult blood tests with benzidine, followed by colonoscopic exam. RESULTS: the average age was 54.2, being 31 of them women and 28 men. The fecal occult blood test was positive in 25 and negative in 34. Lesions were identified as the cause of bleeding and the fecal occult blood test had a sensibility of 63.7 percent, specificity of 81 percent, predictive positive value of 28 percent and negative of 88 percent. CONCLUSION: the present results show that the fecal occult blood test should be applied in social programs of carcinoma prevention in symptomatic patients.

Benign colorectal anastomotic strictures: treatment under fluoroscopic guidance by double balloon dilation / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and complications of fluoroscopically guided double balloon dilation in the treatment of benign colorectal anastomotic strictures. Methods Under fluoroscopic guidance, 17 patients with benign colorectal anastomotic strictures underwent transanal double balloon dilation, including 13 patients underwent resection for malignant disease, and 4 for benign conditions. 16 out of 17 patients had difficulty or frequent defecation due to partial obstruction. The remaining one patient had the stricture detected by endoscopy and barium enema after total proctocolectomy and a temporary ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Therapeutic efficacy and complications were evaluated in the follow-up visits. Results Seventeen patients received double balloon dilation in a single session. The diameter of double balloon catheter was arranged from 30 to 40 mm. Technical success achieved in all 17 patients with complete release (n = 12, 71%) or incomplete one (n = 5, 29%) and 100% improvement of symptoms was achieved in all patients, together with no major complications such as perforation or severe hemorrhage. During the mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 1 - 62 months), one patient (6%) developed a recurrent stricture and needed a second balloon dilation six months after the initial balloon dilation. Conclusions Fluoroscopically guided double balloon dilation is an effective and safe method for treating benign colorectal anastomotic strictures. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 543-546)

Laparoscopic assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To sum up the experience of laparoscopic assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer. Methods Radical resection was operated on 40 patients with colorectal cancer under laparoscope. According to the Dukes’ classification, 21 patients were classified as stage A, 16 patients as stage B and 3 patients, stage C.There were 2 cases of cecum cancer, 4 cases of ascending colon cancer, 13 cases of sigmoid colon cancer, and 21 cases of rectum cancer. Results Laparoscopic assisted operations were accomplished in all the 40 patients. The operation time was 110.8?23.5 min and the intraoperative blood loss was 150.4?23.2 ml. The patients began to ambulate 12.2?3.8 hours after the surgery and the time to first passing flatus was 39.3?4.2 hours. Follow- up for 2～72 months (mean, 38.5 months) found no metastasis, local recurrence, and port or incision implantation in all the patients but one,who refused chemotherapy and had a cancer recurrence one year after surgery. Conclusions Laparoscopic radical resection is applicable to colorectal cancer at Dukes’ stage A, B, or C, in which the lymph nodes can be removed as thoroughly as open radical surgery.

Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Colon and Rectum

PURPOSE: This report outlines the incidence and the clinical features of patients with a neuroendocrine (NE) neoplasm of the colon and rectum and describes, in detail, their histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Also, we attempted to determine the impact of several clinical variables, including tumor stage, tumor location, NE pattern, and cellular subtype on survival. METHOD: Of 690 colorectal cancers operated on from April 1990 to November 1998 at Chungnam National University Hospital, 41 cases were originally diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoms on the basis of conventional light microscopy. Paraffin blocks from the aforementioned cases were retrieved, and sections were im munostained with antibodies to human chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, and synaptophysin. RESULTS: Of the 690 cases of colorectal caner, 35 cases (5.1%) of NE neoplasm were identified retrospectively: 28 males and 7 females. About 90% of the tumors were located at the cecum and the rectosigmoid. Pathologic stages were as follows: modified Dukes stage B2, 6; stage C1, 8; stage D1, 12; and stage D2, 9. The most common metastatic site at the time of diagnosis was the liver (8/9). Four NE patterns were identified: pure NE (n=4), and predominantly NE (n=8), equal NE and exocrine (n=4), and predominantly exocrine (n=19). Two cellular subtypes were identified: well-differentiated (n=3) and intermediate (n=32) cells. Survival statistically correlated with stage (p=0.03), but not with age, sex, tumor location, NE pattern, or cellular subtype. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that NE neoplasms of the colon and rectum are more frequent than previously believed. Since a NE neoplasm is believed to be an extremely biologically aggressive tumor, recognition of a NE neoplasm is very important because of its evident clinical and therapeutic implications.

Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma in the colon and rectum. We evaluated the differences of clinical features between colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma and ordinary adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clincopathologic data of 13 cases with primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma were reviewed. The primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma was diagnosed when following criteria were met: 1) the tumor was primary; 2) histologic material was adequate; 3) signet ring cells represented more than 50% of the cancer. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 20 to 68 (median, 45) years; 7 were male, and 6 were female. Three tumors were located in the proximal colon, 3 in the distal colon, and 7 in the rectum. There was no case that had family history. Most cases (77%) were stage III, one was stage II, and two were stage IV with peritoneal seeding. There were 9 cases that showed local recurrence or distant metastases during follow-up periods 6 cases with peritoneal seeding, 3 with bone metastases, 2 with brain metastases and 1 with pelvic recurrence (two cases had either bone and brain metastasis, and one case had bone and peritoneal seeding). Prognosis was extremely poor, and overall two years survival rate was 25%. CONCLUSION: Early onset, mode of metastasis and poor prognosis may imply the different biologic behavior of signet ring cell carcinoma, compared with ordinary adenocarcinoma. To improve outcome, early diagnosis and radical operation should be stressed.