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OBJECTIVE To invest igate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the antibiotic susceptibility of otitis media in plateau areaandto guide clinical drug application rationally. METHODS Middle ear secretions were collected from 218 inpatients and outpatients(220 ears) with otitis media in our department from December 2016 to January 2018 and were performed by isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteriaand drug sensitivity test. RESULTS 1. 152 strains of microbes were isolatedincluding 125 casesof bacterial infection and 8 cases of fungal infection. 2. The gram-positive bacteria in middle ear effusions of chronic suppurative otitis media was higher than those of cholesteatoma, of which Staphylococcus aureuswas the most frequently isolated pathogen. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest in cholesteatoma. 3. The antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria varies from strain to strain. CONCLUSION Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main pathogenic bacteria. Common pathogenic bacteria were resistance to penicillin and levofloxacin, which were commonly used in clinic. Therefore, bacterial culture should be carried out and rational drug use should be guided.
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Denture use may aggravate the occurrence of oral infections, considering it enhances microbial adherence. Aim: This study assessed the reduction of microbial loads of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca by disinfecting the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of complete dentures with hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis. Additionally, the effect of such extract on the properties of PMMA was examined. Methods: Microorganisms were isolated from saliva samples collected from complete denture wearers. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis was produced according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5. The PMMA specimens (n=188) were immersed in microbial inoculum and incubated at 37°C for 16 hours per day. Then, they were subjected to a disinfection protocol for 30 days. The specimens were divided into five treatment groups: sterile saline solution (0.85%; control), 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis (0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.16%). Microorganism adherence to the PMMA surface was also assessed, as well as surface roughness (Ra in µm) and color stability of the PMMA (mean ΔE). Changes in microbial load and surface roughness after the disinfection protocol were verified with paired t-test. Substances at day 10, adherence, and color stability were compared by the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare substances at the beginning and end of the experiment (α=0.05). Results: The 1.16% S. officinalis extract significantly reduced the microbial load of all the microorganisms after 30 days of disinfection (p<0.05). The microbial load of K. oxytoca was also reduced at lower concentrations of the S. officinalis extract (0.2% and 0.8%) (p<0.02). Antimicrobial and anti-adherent effects against microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity were observed. There was no significant change in surface roughness (p>0.05) and color stability was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis may be used as a disinfectant solution for dentures
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Plant Extracts , Colony Count, Microbial , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Denture Cleansers , Salvia officinalisABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo value fluorescent quantified PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique to detect the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical patients.MethodsDetect the DNA of TB from the sputum of 80 active tuberculosis and hydrothorax of 40 tuberculous pleuritis.At equal pace,make a comparison to proceed microscopic examination and cultivation.ResultsWith fluorescent quantified PCR,56.2％ (45/80),27.5％ (11/40)positive detection from active tuberculosis and tuberculous pleuritis respectively.16.2％ ( 13/80 ),0.0％ positive specimen were detected with microscopic examination in two group of patients.Cultivation got 37.5％ (30/80),2.5％(1/40) positive detection respectively.ConclusionFluorescent quantified PCR was more sensitive and specific than traditional methods,and valuable in the microscopic examination and cultivation negative patients especially.
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Objective To explore the effects of chlorhexidine aeetate and trielosan on inhibition of microorganism adhesion on soft denture-lining materials. Methods Silicone rubber soft denture- lining material and resin soft denture-lining material were soaked in 0. 2% chlorhexidine acetate and 0. 1% trielosan for 5 minutes. Then the colony numbers of three different microorganisms (streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, candida albicans) adhering to soft denture-lining materials were counted. Results The colony numbers of candida albicans were (121.0±7. 0) × 105 cfu/ml in resin soft denture-lining material and (208. 8±8. 6) × 105cfu/ml in silicone rubber soft denture-lining material (P<0. 05). But there were no differences in colony numbers of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viseosus. After soaked in chlorhexidine acetate and triclosan, the colony numbers of streptococcus mutans were significantly reduced to (87.1±4. 3)× 105cfu/ml, (61.6± 7.9) × 105cfu/ml, (42.1±8.2) × 105cfu/ml and (21.3±4.3)× 105cfu/ml, and the colony numbers of candida albicans were significantly reduced to (11.6±3.6) × 105cfu/ml, (11.1±3. 7) × 105cfu/ml, (41.6±3.0) × 105cfu/ml and (44. 6±4.1)× 105cfu/ml(all P<0. 01). However, chlorhexidine acetate and triclosan had no effects on actinomyces viscosus. There were no significant differences in the action effects between the two detergents (P>0. 05). Conclusions Chlorhexidine acetate and trielosan can effectively inhibit the adhesion of microorganism on denture-lining materials, which are useful in clinic.
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Objective To compare the yield and speed of detection of Salmonella subsp, enterica serotypo Paratyphi A from the blood of patients with suspected paratyphoid fever A. Methods With the BacT/ALERT 3D system and paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles (AEB, ANB) that were each filled with 5 ml of blood, the blood culture of 13 500 suspected paratyphoid fever A patients were performed. Results A total of 4 060 isolates were detected. About 3 149 were detected from both AEB and ANB. Four hundred and sixty-one isolates were detected only from the AEB and 450 were only from the ANB. The detection rates of the AEB and ANB were all 26.7% (χ<'2>=0.023, P=0.880). The increased detection rate attributed to the additional blood volume in the AEB and ANB were 11.3% and 11.1%, respectively. The detection speed differed between the two medium formulations. The time to detection was (23.66±15.89) h and (25.48±16.92) h for3 149 isolates, respectively (t=7.007, P<0.01).The mean time to detection was 31.80±20. 97 for 461 isolates discovered with AEB and (33.45±20.72) h for 450 isolates discovered with ANB. Conclusion The blood volume is an important factor in determining the detection rate of blood culture. Although no statistical difference for positive rate was found between the AEB and ANB, more isolates was detected earlier in AEB.
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Objective To discuss the disposition feature of pathogenic bacterium in female urinary tract infection(UTI) ,so as to elevate the level of clinical diagnosis and therapy. Methods To cultivate medistream urine,assess vaginal secretions in the aspects of bacteriology, mycoplasma, chlamydia, mycetes and parasite. All specimen collected from 129 female patients who chiefly complained irritation of urinary tract ,from January 2003 to December 2006. Results Pathogenic microorganisms that found in the 129 female patients with UTI are gram-negative bacteria( 53.49 % ), gram- positive bacteria ( 19.38 % ), mycoplasma ( 14.73 % ), mycetes (9.30 % ), chlamydia (4.65 % ),parasite(1.55% ). Among them, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae bacilli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus are common species. Sexually transmitted disease(27.91% ) include the infection of diplococcus gonorrhoeae,mycoplasma and ehoamydiae. Among them,non-gonococcal urethritis is common. Combined infection(17.38 % ). Infection combined with mycoplasma urealytium and other pathogen is the most, these patients are most young or middle aged. Conclusion Pathogen in female UTI is mostly gram-positive bacteria. STD and combined infection should be paid attention to by clinicians. We suggest female UTI patients take etiological test regularly,so as to elevate the level of clinical diagnosis and therapy.
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A água do equipo odontológico que resfria os equipamentos giratórios/rotatórios de alta velocidade, como os de alta rotação, pode apresentar número elevado de microrganismos. Assim, os aerossóis formados são fonte de risco de disseminação/contaminação na odontologia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e comparar o nível de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas totais presentes em amostras de água de alta rotação (AR), de 10 equipos odontológicos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto - USP, por meio do método tradicional/convencional pour plate e o método rápido Petrifilm AC (3M, St Paul, MN, USA). Cerca de 10,0ml das amostras de água foram coletadas dos AR sem as peças de mão, em tubos de ensaio (25x125mm). As amostras foram homogeneizadas, diluídas, semeadas e incubadas. Todas as amostras de água dos AR estavam altamente contaminadas, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre o nível de contaminação encontrado pelo método tradicional, comparado com o método rápido. Em conclusão, o método rápido Petrifilm foi considerado mais prático que o tradicional, e totalmente adequado para monitorar a contaminação microbiana das águas dos AR que estavam acima do recomendado pela American Dental Association(<200UFC/ml) e do permitido pela legislação brasileira (<500UFC/ml). Então, para a melhoria da qualidade microbiológica da água de equipos odontológicos, as sugestões dos autores desse trabalho deveriam ser acatadas pelos profissionais da odontologia
Dental units have cold water that supplies gyration/rotation equipments of high-speed, such as highspeedhandpieces, may have a high number of microorganisms. Therefore, aerosol formation is a risksource of microbial dissemination/contamination in dentistry. The aim of this research was to evaluateand compare total aerobic bacteria contamination level in high-speed (HS) water from 10 dental units atFaculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - USP using a traditional method, pour plate and a fast method, PetrifilmTM AC (3M, St Paul, MN, USA). Approximately 10.0ml of dental unit water were collected from HS, without handpieces, in tubes (25x125mm). The samples were homogenized, diluted, inoculated and incubated. All HS water samples were highly contaminated, no having statistical difference (p>0.05)between contamination level got traditional and fast method. In conclusion, the fast method PetrifilmTM was considered more useful than traditional method, and totally acceptable to monitor the microbial contamination in water from HS that was higher than American Dental Association's recommendation (<200CFU/ml) and allowed for Brazilian legislation (<500CFU/ml). Thus, to improve the water microbiology quality from dental units, the authors´ suggestions this work should be followed by dental professionals
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Objective To explore the effects of two air sampling methods including natural precipitation method and impacting method for detecting the bacterial count of indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants. Methods The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates for those two sampling methods were measured. The indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants were sampled by those two sampling methods simultaneously. The natural precipitation method was performed for 5- minute exposure ,the impacting method was performed by MAS-100 airborned bacteria sampler at flow rate of 100 L/min for 30 s,2 min,8 min respectively.All of the data on the bacterial counts of air obtained from various sampling ways were statistically analyzed.The measures for quality control of air sampling progress were put forward also. Results The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates were 8.39-8.70 cm,which were lower than the standard(9 cm?雪. The bacterial counts of air samples collected by natural precipitation method at the same location showed higher coefficient of variation,higher median,lower qualified rate compared with those by impacting method. The bacterial counts of air decreased,when the impacting sampling method was performed for 8 min continuously with sampling volume of 800 L. Conclusion The impacting method with advantages including mere influence from external environment and better precision could be primarily applied for air sampling in general condition,but it might show lower efficiency of collecting the airborne bacteria during the longer sampling period with higher sampling volume. The natural precipitation method with poor precision was suitable for longer term (8-30 min)air sampling in the relatively static environment with lower air flow and highly cleaned air. The bacterial counts of air obtained from natural precipitation method should be corrected if the diameters of glass bacteria-culture plates weren't meet the requirement of the national standard (9 cm?雪.
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Objective Abstract: Objective To study the intestinal bacterial translocation and changs in endotoxin level of portal vein blood after hepatic inflow blocking. Methods Under aseptic condition, mechanically blocking of the hepatoduodenal ligement was adopted in rabbit model, both endotoxin level of the portal blood and positive bacterial cultures in the mensenteric lymph nodes were observed at 15, 20, 30 and 60 min respectively after the blocking. Results Both endotoxin level and positive bacterial cultures increased significantly (P