Evaluation of Screening Model for Advanced Colorectal Adenoma and Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Image Analysis Based on Real World Data / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and consistency of three commonly used early colorectal cancer screening models for advanced colorectal adenoma as a noninvasive means， and to assess the predictive value of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） tongue images in the models. MethodsPatients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma who underwent colonoscopy and pathological examination were selected as the study participants. Basic clinical data and tongue image were collected. The prediction models of Asia-Pacific colorectal screening （APCS） model， its revision （M-APCS） and colorectal neoplasia predict （CNP） model were applied to compare the predictive effects of the three models on advanced stage adenomas of the colon， the differences in clinical data and traditional Chinese medicine tongue characteristics among patients with different degrees of adenomas， and the similarities and differences in tongue characteristics among the models. The discriminative ability of the three risk models was evaluated using the area under the curve （AUC） and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves. The calibration was assessed using the Kuder-Richardson coefficient and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test for consistency analysis. ResultsA total of 227 patients with adenoma were analyzed， including 104 patients （45.82%） with advanced adenoma. In the detection of advanced adenoma， those with greasy coating （70 cases， 67.3%） were higher than those without greasy coating （34 cases， 32.7%， P＜0.05）. After multivariate analysis， the odds ratio （OR） value of non-greasy coating was 0.371 （0.204~0.673， P＜0.01）， indicating that non-greasy coating was a protective factor for advanced adenomas. Among the three risk models， the detection rate of advanced adenoma in the high-risk group with APCS was the highest （63.3%）， which was 1.49 times and 2.04 times that of the medium-risk group （42.6%） and the low-risk group （31.1%， P＜0.01）. The detection rate of advanced adenomas in high-risk groups of M-APCS and CNP was slightly higher than that in moderate or low risk groups （P＞0.05）. The proportion of yellow and greasy coating in high-risk group was higher than that in the medium-risk or low-risk group （P＜0.05）. For the ability to distinguish advanced and non-advanced adenomas， the AUC of APCS was 0.629 （95% CI： 0.556~0.702） and was higher than that of M-APCS （0.591） and CNP （0.586）. In calibration evaluation， Cronbach's alpha was 0.919 （＞0.7）， which indicated that the three models were consistent. In the correlation matrix， the correlation coefficients between APCS model and M-APCS model， and CNP model were 0.794 and 0.717， respectively， and the correlation coefficients between M-APCS model and CNP model were 0.873， Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 =2.552， P＞0.05， which suggested that the three models had good calibration ability. ConclusionAll three models demonstrate the efficiency to identify advanced colorectal adenoma， and their calibration ability is considered to be good. Among the three models， the APCS exhibits the highest recognition efficiency， however， the recognition accuracy of the APCS model needs improvement. The presence of a greasy coating is identified as one of the potential predictors of advanced adenoma. Consequently， it can be considered for inclusion in the risk model of advanced colorectal adenoma to enhance the accuracy.

Modelo de gestión de riesgo del programa de recuperación precoz de la cirugía colorectal electiva / Risk management model of the early recovery program of the elective colorectal surgery

Introducción: La gestión de riesgo perioperatorio sustentado en los programas o protocolos de recuperación precoz o mejorada después de la cirugía valida la calidad en los cuidados perioperatorios con disminución de la incidencia de morbilidad y mortalidad basado en la evidencia de un conjunto de acciones que cubren todo el período perioperatorio. Objetivo: Validar el programa de recuperación precoz después de la cirugía colorectal en los pacientes quirúrgicos electivos en los hospitales Provincial Docente de Oncología María Curie, Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia de Camagüey y General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y del Castillo en la provincia de Granma. Métodos: La investigación se ejecutó en dos fases. En la Fase I se realizó validación externa e interna del programa de recuperación precoz de la cirugía colorectal electiva por consulta de expertos mediante escala Likert. En la Fase II se realizó un estudio piloto experimental con dos grupos de 119 pacientes cada uno. Resultados: La mayor parte de los pacientes del grupo de estudio, 97,5 por ciento tuvieron una recuperación precoz óptima basada en no dolor, no íleo paralítico, no complicaciones cardiovasculares, ni respiratorias perioperatorias. El 94,1 por ciento de grupo de estudio egresó en condición de vivo, con una estadía de cinco días en promedio, inferior a los nueve del grupo control. Conclusiones: El programa de recuperación precoz muestra disminución de la incidencia de morbilidad y mortalidad así como reducción de estadía hospitalaria. Con beneficios tanto para el paciente como para los servicios de salud(AU)

Introduction: Perioperative risk management supported by programs or protocols for early or improved recovery after surgery validates the quality of perioperative care, with a decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality based on the evidence of a set of actions covering the entire perioperative period. Objective: To validate the program for early recovery after colorectal surgery in elective surgical patients at María Curie Provincial Teaching Oncological Hospital and Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, both in Camagüey Province, as well as at Carlos Manuel de Céspedes General University Hospital in Granma Province. Methods: The research was carried out in two phases. In phase I, external and internal validation of the early recovery program for elective colorectal surgery was carried out by means of expert consultation using a Likert scale. In phase II, an experimental pilot study was carried out with two groups of 119 patients each. Results: Most of the patients in the study group (97.5 percent) had optimal early recovery, based on the fact that they did not present pain, paralytic ileus, either cardiovascular or respiratory complications perioperatively. 94.1 percent of the patients in the study group were discharged in the condition of living, with an average hospital stay of five days, lower than the nine days of the control group. Conclusions: The early recovery program shows a decrease in the incidence of morbidity and mortality, as well as a reduction in hospital stay, with benefits for both the patient and the health services(AU)

Incidencia de cáncer de colon y recto en Bucaramanga, Colombia 2008 - 2012 / Incidence of colorectal cancer in Bucaramanga, Colombia 2008 - 2012 / Incidência de câncer colorretal em Bucaramanga, Colômbia, no período 2008 - 2012

Introducción. El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, el cáncer colorrectal la cuarta neoplasia más frecuente. Debido al aumento progresivo, se hace importante conocer el impacto de esta neoplasia en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. El objetivo es describir la incidencia y características sociodemográfica del cáncer colorrectal en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga durante el 2008 - 2012. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio poblacional descriptivo transversal basado en casos incidentes de cáncer colorrectal del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. La información de nuevos casos ocurridos durante 2008 - 2012 se obtuvo del Registro Poblacional de cáncer. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes con lesión primaria e infiltrante de colon y recto, sin límite de edad o sexo. Se excluyeron los casos que correspondían a recaída, recidiva o metástasis, cuya morfología comprendiera el tipo linfoma. Posteriormente se calcularon las tasas crudas y estandarizadas por edad y sexo mediante el programa CanReg5. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 805 casos nuevos de cáncer colorrectal, con una incidencia de 14.3 casos en hombres y 13.5 casos en mujeres por 100,000 habitantes; la edad promedio de diagnóstico fue de 64 años para ambos sexos. Conclusiones. La incidencia de cáncer colorrectal ha ido en aumento con respecto a quinquenios anteriores en el Área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, afectando en mayor proporción a la población adulta mayor masculina y convirtiéndose en un reto de salud pública que demanda mayores medidas de prevención y estudios de esta patología. [Uribe-Pérez CJ, Blanco-Quintero JJ, Bello-Zapata LM. Incidencia de cáncer de colon y recto en Bucaramanga, Colombia 2008 - 2012. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):16-23. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2711]

Introduction. Cancer is the second cause of death in the world, with colorectal cáncer being the fourth most frequent neoplasia. Due to a progressive increase, it is important to know the impact of this neoplasia in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga. The objective is to describe the incidence and sociodemographic characteristics of colorectal cancer in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga during 2008 - 2012. Methodology. A cross-sectional descriptive population study based on incident cases of colorectal cancer from the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga was conducted. The information of new cases that occurred during 2008 - 2012 was obtained from the Population Registry of Cancer. The inclusion criteria were: patients with primary and infiltrating lesions of the colon and rectum, with no age or sex limit. Cases that corresponded to relapse, recurrence or metastasis, and whose morphology included the type of lymphoma were excluded. Subsequently, the crude and standardized rates for age and sex were calculated using the CanReg5 program. Results. 805 new cases of colorectal cancer were obtained, with an incidence of 14.3 cases in men and 13.5 cases in women per 100,000 inhabitants; the average age of diagnosis was 64 years for both sexes. Conclusions. The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased compared to previous five-year periods in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, affecting older adult male population to a greater extent, becoming a public health challenge, which requires more prevention measures and studies of this pathology. [Uribe-Pérez CJ, Blanco-Quintero JJ, Bello-Zapata LM. Incidence of colorectal cancer in Bucaramanga, Colombia 2008 - 2012. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):16-23. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2711]

Introdução. O câncer é a segunda causa de morte no mundo, sendo o câncer colorretal a quarta neoplasia mais frequente. Devido ao aumento progressivo, é importante conhecer o impacto dessa neoplasia na Região Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a incidência e as características sociodemográficas do cáncer colorretal na Região Metropolitana de Bucaramanga no período de 2008 a 2012. Métodos. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal de base populacional baseado em casos incidentes de câncer colorretal na Região Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. A informação sobre os novos casos ocorridos no período de 2008 a 2012 foi obtida no Registro Populacional de câncer. Os critérios de inclusão foram: pacientes com lesão primária e infiltrativa de cólon e reto, sem limite de idade nem distinção de sexo. Foram excluídos os casos de recorrência, recidiva ou metástase, cuja morfologia incluía o tipo de linfoma. Posteriormente as taxas brutas e padronizadas por idade e sexo foram calculadas usando o Software CanReg5. Resultados. Houve 805 novos casos de câncer colorretal, com uma incidência de 14.3 casos em homens e 13.5 casos em mulheres por 100,000 habitantes; A idade média do diagnóstico foi de 64 anos para ambos os sexos. Conclusão. A incidência de câncer colorretal vem aumentando em relação aos quinquênios anteriores na Região Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, afetando em maior proporção os homens idosos e tornando-se um desafio de saúde pública que demanda maiores medidas de prevenção e mais estudos dessa patologia. [Uribe-Pérez CJ, Blanco-Quintero JJ, Bello-Zapata LM. Incidência de câncer colorretal em Bucaramanga, Colômbia, no período 2008 - 2012. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):16-23. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2711]

Effect of lncRNA CRNDE targeting miR-384 on radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To study the effect of LncRNA CRNDE on radiosensitivity of colorectal cells and underlying mechanism.@*Methods@#Colorectal cancer HT-29 cells were transfected with CRNDE shRNA and the interference efficiency was determined by Real time PCR. HT-29 cells transfected with CRNDE shRNA or co-transfected with CRNDE shRNA and miR-384 inhibitor were irradiated at 8 Gy dose, then cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively, and cell radiosensitivity was evaluated by cloning assay. It was predicted by a bioinformatics software that CRNDE and miR-384 have complementary binding sites, and this was identified by a luciferase reporting system.@*Results@#CRNDE shRNA reduced the expression of CRNDE in HT-29 cells(1.00±0.08 vs. 0.42±0.06, t=10.051, P<0.05). Both CRNDE shRNA and radiation inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, and their combination treatment had synergistic effect in apoptosis induction [Apoptosis rates: (2.27±0.13)%, (23.58±2.35)%, (26.91±2.81)%, (36.84±3.24)%, F=24.660, P<0.05; A values: 0.45±0.06, 0.30±0.02, 0.28±0.03, 0.20±0.02, F=106.207, P<0.05]. Transfection of CRNDE shRNA increased the radiosensitivity of HT-29 cells with a radiosensitization ratio of 1.374. CRNDE negatively regulated the expression of its target miR-384. The miR-384 inhibitor antagonized the effect of CRNDE shRNA on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion of radiation-treated colorectal cancer cells.@*Conclusions@#Down-regulation of LncRNA expression enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by regulating miR-384 expression.

Effect of lncRNA CRNDE targeting miR-384 on radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the effect of LncRNA CRNDE on radiosensitivity of colorectal cells and underlying mechanism.Methods Colorectal cancer HT-29 cells were transfected with CRNDE shRNA and the interference efficiency was determined by Real time PCR.HT-29 cells transfected with CRNDE shRNA or co-transfected with CRNDE shRNA and miR-384 inhibitor were irradiated at 8 Gy dose,then cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay,respectively,and cell radiosensitivity was evaluated by cloning assay.It was predicted by a bioinformatics software that CRNDE and miR-384 have complementary binding sites,and this was identified by a luciferase reporting system.Results CRNDE shRNA reduced the expression of CRNDE in HT-29 cells (1.00±0.08 vs.0.42±0.06,t=10.051,P＜0.05).Both CRNDE shRNA and radiation inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells,and their combination treatment had synergistic effect in apoptosis induction [Apoptosis rates:(2.27±0.13)％,(23.58±2.35)％,(26.91±2.81)％,(36.84±3.24)％,F=24.660,P＜0.05;A values:0.45±0.06,0.30±0.02,0.28±0.03,0.20±0.02,F=106.207,P＜0.05].Transfection of CRNDE shRNA increased the radiosensitivity of HT-29 cells with a radiosensitization ratio of 1.374.CRNDE negatively regulated the expression of its target miR-384.The mniR-384 inhibitor antagonized the effect of CRNDE shRNA on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion of radiationtreated colorectal cancer cells.Conclusions Down-regulation of LncRNA expression enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by regulating miR-384 expression.

Appropriate Surveillance Interval after Colonoscopic Polypectomy in Patients Younger than 50 Years

BACKGROUND: Current postpolypectomy surveillance guidelines are based on studies in patients aged ≥50 years. Equal application of the guidelines in patients aged < 50 years may be unreasonable. We aimed to determine an appropriate surveillance interval after adenoma removal in patients aged < 50 years. METHODS: We studied 10,013 patients who underwent ≥ 1 adenoma removal and follow-up colonoscopy. The cumulative risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) was compared among the eight groups based on age (30–39, 40–44, 45–49 and ≥ 50 years) and baseline adenoma characteristics (low- [LRA] and high-risk adenoma [HRA]). RESULTS: The risk of metachronous ACRN in patients aged 30–39 and 40–44 years with HRA was comparable to that in those aged ≥ 50 years with LRA (P = 0.839 and P = 0.381, respectively). However, the risk in those aged 45–49 years with HRA was higher than in those aged ≥ 50 years with LRA (P = 0.003), and the risk was not significantly different from that in those aged ≥ 50 years with HRA (P = 0.092). Additionally, the 5-year cumulative risk in those aged 45–49 years with LRA was not significantly different from that in those aged ≥ 50 years with LRA. CONCLUSION: The postpolypectomy surveillance interval can be extended up to 5 years in patients aged 30–44 years with HRA, similar to those aged ≥ 50 years with LRA. However, the interval in patients aged 45–49 years with HRA and LRA should be 3 and 5 years, respectively, similar to those aged ≥ 50 years.

Screening for precursors of colorectal cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC).The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN),the precursors of CRC.Based on the the latest national guideline,the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN,and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors,risk prediction model,screening strategy optimization,colonoscopy quality control,sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.

Screening for precursors of colorectal cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC).The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN),the precursors of CRC.Based on the the latest national guideline,the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN,and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors,risk prediction model,screening strategy optimization,colonoscopy quality control,sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.

A Combination of Fecal Immunochemical Test Results and Iron Deficiency Anemia for Detection of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Men

PURPOSE: A substantial proportion of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has proven to be an effective method for detecting the majority of CRC cases. A combination strategy of FIT results and IDA may be useful for risk stratification for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN). We compared the prevalence of ACRN among four groups stratified by FIT results and the presence of IDA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on asymptomatic male participants who underwent both FIT and colonoscopy between 2010 and 2014 as part of a comprehensive health screening program in Korea. RESULTS: Of 17236 participants, 522 (3.0%) showed positive FIT results and 26 (0.2%) had IDA. The mean age of the study participants was 40.8 years. The participants were classified into four groups: positive FIT result/IDA (G1, n=7), positive FIT result/no IDA (G2, n=515), negative FIT result/IDA (G3, n=19), and negative FIT result/no IDA (G4, n=16695). The prevalences of ACRN in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were 28.6, 13.4, 5.3, and 1.5%, respectively (p<0.001) and those of CRC were 28.6, 1.6, 0.0, and 0.01%, respectively (p<0.001). Subjects with positive FIT results and IDA had an increased risk of ACRN and CRC in both group aged <50 and ≥50 years. CONCLUSION: Subjects with positive FIT results and IDA had an increased risk of ACRN. Our results suggest that a combination strategy of FIT and IDA may be helpful in selecting and prioritizing asymptomatic men for colonoscopy.

Serum CEA and CA 19-9 Levels are Associated with the Presence and Severity of Colorectal Neoplasia

PURPOSE: Limited data are available regarding the association between circulating serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) concentrations and colorectal adenoma. We aimed to investigate whether elevated serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels are correlated with the presence of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) and whether the levels of these antigens vary according to CRN severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on asymptomatic subjects who underwent colonoscopy between 2010 and 2014 as part of a comprehensive health screening program in Korea. RESULTS: A total of 124509 participants with measured serum CEA levels and 115833 participants with measured serum CA 19-9 levels were analyzed. Elevated CEA concentrations were associated with a higher rate of any adenoma, advanced adenoma, high-risk adenoma, advanced CRN (ACRN), overall CRN, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Elevated CA 19-9 concentrations were also associated with a higher rate of advanced adenoma, high-risk adenoma, ACRN, and CRC. Both elevated levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were identified as independent predictors of ACRN. Among patients with CRN, the proportions of elevated CEA/CA 19-9 levels were significantly higher in patients with ACRN than in those with non-ACRN, and these levels were correlated with larger lesion size and multiplicity of adenomas. CONCLUSION: Both elevated serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels were associated with the presence of ACRN, as well as CRC. Elevated CEA levels were also associated with the presence of overall CRN. Moreover, both CEA and CA 19-9 levels were correlated with the severity of CRN.

Epidemiological characterization of ostomized patients attended in referral Center from the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil / Caracterização epidemiológica de pacientes ostomizados atendidos em centro de referência, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil

Introduction: Several clinical conditions imply the realization of a bowel ostomy, as a treatment option. However, the presence of a stoma is an important limitation in the quality of life of the ostomized patient. Aim: To define the epidemiological profile of patients enrolled in the Ostomy Program from two reference services in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, regarding gender, age, classification (as permanent or temporary), type of ostomy with respect to the bowel segment used, and causes. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study whose data were obtained from registration forms of active patients in Ostomy Programs on May 2013. Results: Of 216 patients analyzed, 50.5% were female and 49.5% male. The age group with the highest number of cases was that between 60 and 69 years (23.6%) and the average age was 51.3 years. Colostomies accounted for 89.4% of the procedures performed, and 56.9% of procedures were temporary ostomies. As for the cause, the most prevalent was colorectal cancer (40.7%), followed by trauma (18.1%) and acute abdomen (12.0%). Conclusion: The study provides relevant data that can be used as input for prevention and strategies to improve the health of the ostomized population.

Introdução: Diversas condições clínicas implicam a realização de uma ostomia intestinal como opção de tratamento. Entretanto, a presença de um estoma é um importante limitador na qualidade de vida da pessoa ostomizada. Objetivo: Definir o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes cadastrados no Programa de Ostomizados de dois serviços de referência em Maceió, Alagoas quanto a gênero, idade, classificação da ostomia em definitiva ou temporária, tipo de ostomia quanto ao segmento intestinal utilizado e causas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo cujos dados foram obtidos de fichas cadastrais de pacientes ativos em Programas de Ostomizados no mês de maio de 2013. Resultados: Dos 216 pacientes analisados, 50,5% eram do gênero feminino e 49,5% do gênero masculino. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi a de 60 a 69 anos (23,6%) e a média de idade foi de 51,3 anos. As colostomias representaram 89,4% dos procedimentos realizados e 56,9% das ostomias foram temporárias. Quanto à causa, a mais prevalente foi o câncer colorretal (40,7%), seguido dos traumatismos (18,1%) e do abdome agudo (12,0%). Conclusão: O estudo apresenta dados relevantes que podem ser utilizados como subsídio para ações de prevenção e estratégias de melhoria da saúde da população ostomizada.

Ursodeoxycholic Acid in the Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia:A Meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)in the prevention ofulcerative colitisassociated colorectal cancer (UC-CRC) and dysplasia (UC-Dys),and provide evidence-based reference for clinic. METH-ODS:Retrieved from Cochrane Library,EMBase,PubMed,CJFD,CBM,VIP and Wanfang Database,randomized controlled tri-als(RCT)or cohort studies about UDCA(test group)versus placebo(control group)in the prevention of UC-CRC and UC-Dys were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software after quality evaluation and data extraction by Co-chrane Manual 5.1.0. RESULTS:Totally 7 studies(3 randomized controlled trials and 4 cohort studies)were included in the analy-sis,involving 672 patients. Results of Meta-analysis of 3 RCT showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of UC-CRC and UC-Dys between 2 groups [OR=0.95,95%CI(0.17,5.12),P=0.95];results of Meta-analysis of 4 cohort studiess-howed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of UC-CRC and UC-Dys between 2 groups[OR=0.74,95%CI(0.30, 1.84),P=0.52]. Results of subgroup analysis showed,the incidence of UC-CRC and UC-Dys in test group with low-dose UDCA (0.05). CONCLUSIONS:UDCA can not decease the incidence of UC-CRC and UC-Dys,it only prompts a possible trend toward decreased UC-CRC and UC-Dys risk in low-doseUDCA.

Do we need colonoscopy verification in patients with fundic gland polyp?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia in subjects with fundic gland polyps (FGPs) and the relationship between FGPs and colorectal neoplasia in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed 128 consecutive patients with FPGs who underwent colonoscopy between January 2009 and December 2013. For each case, age- (±5 years) and sex-matched controls were identified from among patients with hyperplastic polyps, gastric neoplasms, and healthy controls. Clinical characteristics were reviewed from medical records, colonoscopic findings, pathologic findings, and computed tomography images. The outcome was evaluated by comparison of advanced colonic neoplasia detection rates. RESULTS: Of the 128 patients, seven (5.1%) had colon cancers and seven (5.1%) had advanced adenomas. A case-control study revealed that the odds of detecting a colorectal cancer was 3.8 times greater in patients with FGPs than in the age- and sex-matched healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-13.24; P =0.04) and 4.1 times greater in patients with FGPs than in healthy controls over 50 years of age (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.16-14.45; P =0.04). Among patients with FGPs over 50 years old, male sex (OR, 4.83; 95% CI, 1.23-18.94; P =0.02), and age (OR, 9.90; 95% CI, 1.21-81.08; P =0.03) were associated with an increased prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: The yield of colonoscopy in colorectal cancer patients with FGPs was substantially higher than that in average-risk subjects. Colonoscopy verification is warranted in patients with FGPs, especially in those 50 years of age or older.

The Risk of Metachronous Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia Rises in Parallel with an Increasing Number of High-Risk Findings at Baseline

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal adenomas that are > or =10 mm have villous histology or high-grade dysplasia, or that are associated with > or =3 adenomas are considered high-risk for metachronous advanced neoplasia. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of metachronous advanced neoplasia according to the total number of high-risk findings detected on baseline colonoscopy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed in 862 patients who underwent removal of colorectal adenomas between 2005 and 2009. At least one surveillance colonoscopy had been conducted at Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of metachronous advanced neoplasia in patients with 0, 1, 2, and 3-4 high-risk findings at 1 year were 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.8%, and 8.0%; at 3 years, those were 5.9%, 11.9%, 15.5%, and 24.7%; and at 5 years, those were 8.5%, 18.7%, 26.3%, and 37.2%, respectively. In a multivariate model, the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia was significantly higher for the multiple high-risk findings group when compared with the 0 high-risk findings group (1 high-risk (+): hazard ratio, 1.86 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-3.44]; 2 high-risk (+): 1.84 [0.88-3.84]; and 3-4 high-risk (+): 3.29 [1.54-7.01]; ptrend=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of overlapping multiple high-risk findings was associated with an increased risk of advanced neoplasia during surveillance.

Association of gastric hyperplastic polyps with synchronous colorectal neoplasia / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the association of gastric hyperplastic polyps with colorectal neo-plasia.Methods Data of consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)and colonoscopy between January 2011 and December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.They were compared with patients without gastric polyps who also underwent EGD in the same period.The relationship between gastric polyps and colorectal neoplasia was analyzed.Results The incidence of colorectal neoplasia in gas-tric hyperplastic polyps group was higher than that of the control group [24.0% (46 /192)VS 10.4%(40 /384),P =0.000].An increased incidence of colorectal adenomas in gastric hyperplastic polyps group was found,but there was no difference in the incidence of colorectal cancer in gastric hyperplastic polyps group and control group[2.1%(4 /192)VS 2.3%(9 /384),P =1.000].Stratification analysis suggested that the incidence of colorectal neoplasia in gastric hyperplastic polyps group who aged over 50 was signifi-cantly higher than that in the control group[28.5%(43 /151)VS 10.6%(29 /274),P =0.017],regard-less of different genders and the number of gastric hyperplastic polyps.Conclusion The incidence of color-ectal neoplasia in gastric hyperplastic polyps has significantly increased,especially in those aged over 50 years,regardless of different genders and the number of gastric hyperplastic polyps.Such patients should undergo colonoscopy to detect colorectal neoplasia.

Comparative study between the free DNA in peripheral blood and TNM staging in patients with colorectal cancer for prognostic evaluation in the university hospital of the State of Alagoas

Colorectal neoplasm is one of the most common cancers in developed countries and its incidence has grown progressively. The currently used attempts to prognostic assessment are limited, since they are restricted to the observation of tumor morphology, such as the TNM staging. The quantification of free DNA in peripheral blood aims to find a way to relate it to the clinical status of patients with cancer. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer with the quantification of ALU247 fragments in peripheral blood and TNM staging. METHODS: We evaluated 79 patients in the following groups: Operated, and Non-Operated and Control as to the ALU247 fragment dosage and its correlation with tumor staging. RESULTS: The amount of ALU247 fragments revealed very different results when comparing the different groups. The mean quantity in the Non-Operated group was 14.62 pg, while the mean was 0.48 pg for the Control Group and 0.93 pg for the Operated Group. Serum levels of ALU247 were higher in more advanced morphofunctional classes of the TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest there is a relation between the advanced TNM stage and high doses of free DNA in peripheral blood with worse prognosis. (AU)

A neoplasia colorretal é uma das formas mais comuns de câncer nos países desenvolvidos e sua incidência tem crescido de maneira contínua. As tentativas de avaliação prognóstica usadas atualmente apresentam a grave limitação de se restringirem à observação da morfologia tumoral, como o estadiamento TNM. A quantificação do DNA livre no sangue periférico busca encontrar uma forma de relacioná-lo com o estado clínico dos portadores de câncer. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o prognóstico dos pacientes portadores do câncer colorretal por meio da quantificação de fragmentos de ALU247 no sangue periférico e do estadiamento TNM. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 79 pacientes nos Grupos Operados, Não Operados e Controle quanto à dosagem de fragmento de ALU247 e sua correlação com os estádios dos tumores. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de fragmentos ALU247 revelou resultados bastante distintos quando os diferentes grupos foram comparados. A média da quantificação nos Não Operados foi de 14,62 pg, de 0,48 pg no Grupo Controle e 0,93 pg no Grupo Operados. Os valores séricos do ALU247 encontraram-se mais elevados nas classes morfofuncionais mais avançadas do estadiamento TNM. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se uma relação entre o avanço do estádio TNM e a dosagem elevada do DNA livre no sangue periférico com pior prognóstico. (AU)

Correlation between upper gastrointestinal adenomas and colorectal neoplasia: a controlled case study / 中华消化内镜杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of colorectal neoplasia among patients with gastric or duodenal adenoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 39 patients with gastric or duodenal adenomas between 2007 and 2011 as the study group.A total of 78 patients without upper gastrointestinal adenomas who underwent colonoscopy were included as a control group.Colonoscopic findings were compared between the two groups.ResultsPositive finding rate of colorectal neoplasia in study group was 51.3％ (20/39),with adenomas in 38.5％ (15/39) and cancer in 12.8％ (5/39),which were all significantly higher than those of the control group,14.1％ (11/78) ( P ＜ 0.001 ),12.8％ ( 10/78 ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and 1.3％ ( 1/78 ) ( P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The results were similar when upper digestive tract was further divided into stomach and duodenum(50.0％ vs.12.5％ and 52.2％ vs.15.2％ ).ConclusionPatients with gastric or duodenal adenomas are at a significantly higher risk for colorectal neoplasia.Colonoscopy should be recommended for these patients.

Estudo morfológico e imuno-histoquímico do plexo mientérico das válvulas confeccionadas no colo de ratos submetidos à amputação abdominoperineal e colostomia perineal / Morphological and immunohistochemical study of the myenteric plexus of valves made in the neck of rats submitted to abdominoperineal amputation and perineal colostomy

Colostomia abdominal definitiva após amputação abdominoperineal é uma cirurgia estabelecida, mas não é isenta de morbidades. A proposta de substituição a ela é a técnica da colostomia perineal que preenche as exigências atuais do tratamento do câncer de reto, porque ela não interfere na radicalidade da cirurgia proposta, evita a colostomia abdominal definitiva, preenche o vazio pélvico e é contentiva. O estudo das válvulas cirúrgicas confeccionadas no segmento do intestino abaixado permitirá o conhecimento da natureza histológica das mesmas e o seu aprimoramento. O objetivo é estudar os aspectos morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos do plexo mientérico das válvulas confeccionadas e a adjacência da terceira válvula e a espessura das camadas musculares e de tecido conjuntivo da parede intestinal nas adjacências da terceira válvula. Propõe-se contribuir na elucidação dos mecanismos que promovem o retardo do conteúdo intestinal ou a continência parcial e a natureza deste tecido. Foram operados 36 ratos, distribuídos em 3 grupos. No Grupo simulado, 6 animais foram submetidos a laparotomia. No Grupo Amputado, 6 animais foram submetidos à amputação do conjunto esfincteriano e colostomia perineal. No Grupo Amputado com Válvula, 24 animais foram submetidos à confecção de três seromiotomias 9secçao das camadas serosa, musculares longitudinal e muscular circular) no colo abaixado, amputação do conjunto esfincteriano e colostomia perineal. No 40º dia pós-operatório o segmento intestinal foi submetido à estudo morfológico e imunohistoquímico da seguinte forma: estudo microscópico descritivo (Hematoxilina Eosina) no segmento operado, no local da seromiotomia e a montante e ajusante à terceira válvula; análise morfométrica e imunohistoquímica (Produto Gênico Protéico 9.5 que evidencia os elementos do sistema nervoso entérico) no local da seromiotomia e a montante e ajusante à terceira válvula; Tricrômico de Gomori e a medida linear da espessura das camadas serosa, muscular longitudinal e muscular circular a montante e ajusante à terceira válvula. A microscopia descritiva (Hematoxilina Eosina) da parede intestinal na região da válvula revela uma inflamação crônica, com presença de células gigantes do tipo corpo estranho, e uma interrupção linear microscópica das camadas musculares, região que apresenta deposição de tecido conjuntivo vascular e colágeno, com ausência da inervação no local da seromiotomia. A observação sistemática das áreas adjacentes à válvula mostra aspecto estrutural preservado das camadas musculares longitudinal e circular. A coloração com Tricrômico de Gomori mostra deposição de colágeno principalmente na área próxima à intervenção cirúrgica, sem revelar diferenças quantitativas entre os grupos nas áreas adjacentes à terceira válvula. As espessuras das camadas musculares longitudinal e circular não variaram significativamente nas amostras estudadas. A imunoexpressão do Produto Gênico Protéico 9.5, mostra diminuição da densidade do plexo mientérico estatisticamente significativo no local da seromiotomia. A densidade dos elementos nervosos da camada muscular circular nos locais adjacentes a 3ª válvula não foi estatisticamente diferente. A conclusão do estudo morfológico e imunohistoquímico das válvulas confeccionadas no colo esquerdo de ratos submetidos à amputação abdominoperineal e colostomia perineal mostra uma desnervação no local da seromiotomia que contribui para o retardo do fluxo intestinal e uma preservação dos elementos musculares e de tecido conjuntivo da parede intestinal e dos elementos nervosos nos locais interválvulas.

Definitive abdominal colostomy (DAC) following abdominoperineal amputation is an established surgical technique, but it is not free of morbidities. The technique proposed for avoiding DAC is abdominoperineal amputation with perineal colostomy, as it meets the current requirements for the treatment of rectal cancer because it does not interfere with the radicality of the proposed surgery, avoids the need for definitive abdominal colostomy, fills the pelvic hollow and is contentive. The valves constructed in the intestinal segment to make the perineal colostomy continent must be studied from a histological point of view. The goal is contribute towards the elucidation of the mechanisms that promote the retardation of the intestinal contents or partial continency. The aim is to study the morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the myenteric plexus of the valves manufactured and the third valve and the adjacent muscle layers and connective tissue of the intestinal wall adjacent to the third valve. A total of 36 rats were operated on, which were distributed into 3 groups. In the Simulated Group, 6 animals were subjected to a laparotomy. In the Amputated Group, 6 animals were subjected to the amputation of their sphincter structure and to perineal colostomy. In the Amputated Group with Valve, 24 animals underwent three seromyotomy procedures (section of the serous muscular, longitudinal, myenteric plexus and circular muscular layers) on the pulled-through colon, the amputation of the sphincter structure and perineal colostomy. On the 40th postoperative day the intestinal segment underwent morphological and immunohistochemical study in the following manner: descriptive microscopy (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) on the segment operated on, at the site of the seromyotomy and upstream and downstream of the third valve; morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses (Protein Gene Product 9.5 which confirms the existence of the enteric nervous system elements) at the location of the seromyotomy and upstream and downstream of the third valve; Gomori trichrome stain and the linear measurement of the thickness of the serous, longitudinal muscular and circular muscular layers upstream and downstream of the third valve. The descriptive microscopy (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) of the intestinal wall in the region of the valve reveals a chronic inflammation, cicatricial, with fibrous replacement tissue, restricted to the location, and a microscopic linear interruption of muscle layers, a region which presents deposits of collagenous and vascular conjunctive tissue, with an absence of enervation at the seromyotomy site. A systematic observation of the areas adjacent to the valve shows that the structural aspect of the longitudinal and circular muscular layers was preserved. Coloration with Gomori trichrome stain shows deposits of collagen mainly in the area near the surgical intervention, without revealing quantitative differences among the groups in the areas adjacent to the third valve. The thicknesses of the muscle layers, both longitudinal and circular, did not vary significantly in the samples studied. Immunoexpression of Protein Gene Product 9.5 demonstrates the total absence of nervous elements and of the myenteric plexus at the site of the valve. The density of the nervous elements of the circular muscular layer at sites adjacent to the 3rd valve was not statistically different. The conclusion of the morphological and immunohistochemical study of the valves constructed in the left colon of rats subjected to abdominoperineal amputation and perineal colostomy shows the denervation at the serotomy site, which contributes to the retardation of the intestinal flow and the preservation of the muscular elements, of the conjunctive tissue, of the nervous elements and of the myenteric plexus of the intestinal wall at the intervalvular sites.

Association between calcium intake and colorectal neoplasia in Puerto Rican Hispanics / Asociación entre el consumo de calcio y la neoplasia colorectal en hispanos puertorriqueños

Epidemiological studies show that a high calcium intake reduces the risk of colon cancer. The objective was to study the association between calcium intake and colorectal neoplasia in a clinic-based sample of Hispanics adults from Puerto Rico. As part of this cross-sectional study, a total of 433 subjects were recruited from surgery and gastroenterology clinics at the University of Puerto Rico. Calcium intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of calcium rich foods. Socio-demographics, health history and colonoscopy results were obtained from the primary study. Chi square and odds ratios (OR) for colorectal neoplasia (adenomas and/or adenocarcinoma) were calculated for total calcium, dietary calcium and for calcium supplement use. In total, 312 (72%) from 433 participants completed the FFQ and had available colonoscopy results; from these, 196 (62.5%) were free of neoplasia and 117 (37.5%) had colorectal neoplasia. Colorectal neoplasia subjects were older, a lower proportion were females and less educated than those without neoplasia (p<0.01). Total calcium intake (median 1180 mg/d) was greater in those free of neoplasia compared to colorectal neoplasia subjects (median 1036 mg/d; p<0.05). A high total calcium intake and the use of calcium supplements significantly reduced the OR (crude and age adjusted) for colorectal neoplasia; although these associations lost statistical significance after additionally adjusting for gender and educational level. In conclusion, a high calcium intake and the use of calcium supplements may be protective against colorectal neoplasia, although a greater sample may be required to observe significant associations in a multivariate model.

Los estudios muestran que un alto consumo de calcio reduce el riesgo de cáncer de colon. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar la asociación entre el consumo de calcio y la neoplasia colorrectal en una muestra de hispanos adultos en Puerto Rico. Un total de 433 sujetos fueron reclutados de las clínicas de cirugía y gastroenterología de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. El consumo de calcio fue estimado usando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo (CFC) de alimentos ricos en calcio. Los datos socio-demográficos y la colonoscopia se obtuvieron del estudio principal. Se calculó el Ji² y la razón de productos cruzados de neoplasia colorrectal por el consumo total, dietético y uso de suplementos de calcio. Un total de 312 (72%) de 433 participantes completaron el estudio; de éstos, 196 (62.5%) estaban libres de neoplasia y 117 (37.5%) tenían neoplasia colorrectal, los cuales eran de mayor edad, con menor proporción de mujeres y menos educados que aquellos sin neoplasia (p<0.01). El consumo total de calcio (mediana 1180 mg/d) fue mayor en sujetos sin neoplasia que los sujetos con neoplasia (mediana 1036 mg/d; p<0.05). Un alto consumo total de calcio y el uso de suplementos de calcio redujo significativamente la posibilidad (crudo y ajustado por edad) de neoplasia colorrectal; aunque no fue significativo cuando se ajusto también por género y educación. En conclusión, un alto consumo de calcio y el uso de suplementos de calcio pueden proteger contra la neoplasia colorrectal, aunque se requieren más sujetos para ver asociaciones significativas en el modelo multivariado.

Análise do número de linfonodos em espécimes de ressecções colorretais por neoplasia entre a cirurgia aberta e videolaparoscópica / Comparison of the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between conventional and laparoscopic surgery

Introdução: o estadiamento patológico com a análise do número de linfonodos dissecados é fator importante na determinação da segurança oncológica das ressecções por câncer colorretal, independentemente da via de acesso. Em fase inicial de curva de aprendizado em laparoscopia colorretal, a equivalência entre a cirurgia convencional e laparoscópica pode ser comprometida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o número de linfonodos dissecados em espécimes de ressecções por câncer colorretal pela via convencional e laparoscópica, e verificar a equivalência oncológica entre ambas. Método: estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos de pacientes submetidos a ressecções por câncer colorretal por via convencional e laparoscópica. Variáveis analisadas: idade, sexo, via de acesso, tipo de procedimento, estadiamento de Dukes e número de linfonodos dissecados nas peças. Análise estatística pelo método de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: 50 pacientes foram analisados (33 operados por via convencional, 17 por via laparoscópica). Houve maior número de colectomias direitas e retossigmoidectomias altas nos dois grupos. O número médio de linfonodos dissecados foi de 10,35 no grupo laparoscópico e de 10,15 no grupo de acesso convencional (p=0,859). Conclusões: não houve diferença estatística entre o número médio de linfonodos dissecados entre os espécimes ressecados por via convencional e laparoscópica, numa fase inicial de curva de aprendizado.

Introduction: pathology staging with the analysis of the number of retrieved lymph nodes is an important factor in oncologic safety of colorectal cancer resections, in conventional and laparoscopic surgery. In the beginning of a learning curve in laparoscopy, equivalence between these two types of approaches can be compromised. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between conventional and laparoscopic surgery, and verify oncological equivalence between these techniques. Method: retrospective analysis of a case series of colorectal cancer specimens operated with conventional and laparoscopic surgery. Age, gender, type of operation, approach, staging and number of retrieved lymph nodes were analyzed. Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney method was performed. Results: 50 patients were operated in the study period (33 with conventional and 17 with laparoscopic approach). Right hemicolectomy and high rectosigmoid resection were the most common procedures performed. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 10,35 in the laparoscopy group and 10,15 in the conventional approach (p=0,859). Conclusions: there was no statistical difference between the number of retrieved lymph nodes in colorectal cancer resection specimens between laparoscopic and conventional approach, in the beginning of a learning curve in laparoscopy.