Prenatal development of the sound transmitting apparatus in different embryonic stages of Malpolon monsspesulanus (squamata-serpentes) / Desenvolvimento pré-natal do aparelho transmissor de som em diferentes estágios embrionários de Malpolon monsspesulanus (Squamata-serpentes)

Abstract The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.

Resumo A investigação do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de transmissão de som é importante na compreensão dos processos ontogenéticos atrás diversidade morfológica. O desenvolvimento de aparelhos de som realização foi estudada em Montpellier cobra; Monspessulanus Malpolon em 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 e 9.3 cm corporal total utilizando comprimentos de estudo de microscopia de luz. O auris columelar em primeiro lugar apareceu como células mesenquimais forma haste indiferenciada. Como o crescimento passou, ele chondrified e diferencia em duas partes principais. Além disso, os componentes viscerocrânio que participam na formação do aparelho de transmissão de som submeter a organização crítico. Em estágios mais avançados, stylohyal procartilagenous chondrified e se fundem com o quadrado bem organizado. Estes dados considerados como uma base para os mecanismos funcionais e estudos moleculares do aparelho de transmissão de som e identificação de doenças que podem infectar-los.

Cleft rhinoplasty columellar lengthening: Comparison of techniques

Nasal deformity in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) correction is highly challenging. Several solution has been proposed. The aim of the present study is to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the results of Cronin's flap, Fork flap, and Abbe's flap for BCLP rhinoplasty at a follow-up period. Materials and Methods: Records of all BCLP rhinoplasty performed between 2010 and 2016, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected. From records, qualitative improvement and previously described methods of quantification of columella length were performed. These collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and one-way analysis of variance tests. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Forty-eight cases fulfilled the criteria of which 31 patients had Abbe's flap, 9 Cronin, and 8 forked flaps. The mean age of the study population was 20.33 ± 4.94 years in 21 females and 27 males with a mean follow-up of 15.3 ± 2.3 months. The success of the lengthening of columella at immediate postoperative period as compared to the preoperative columella length was not statistically different (P = 0.176) between the three flaps, while the same was statistically different at 1-year period (P = 0.031). The extent of change was very minimal for the Abbe flap with a high degree of statistical significance (P = 0.000). At 1-year postoperative period, 83.9% (n = 26) of Abbe flap patients felt their nose to be good after surgery while the same was 55.6% (n = 5) in Cronin flap design and 37.5% (n = 3) in forked flap design (P = 0.007). Discussion and Conclusion: Abbe flap gave the best results under most of the common BCLP rhinoplasty, and a flap choice algorithm for choice of flap was arrived based on this experience.

Columellar reconstruction: a refinement of technique

The nose is an important landmark of the face and its shape and beauty is of significant concern. The columella is the subunit between the two nostrils that provides support and projection to the nasal tip and has functional role in nostrils, as well as aesthetic. Ethiology for columellar absence or deficiency is diverse, and it is one of the most complex nasal subunits to reconstruct because of its narrow horizontal dimension, its tenuous vascularity and limited availability of adjacent tissue. We present a patient with columellar, membranous septum and upper lip defect, due to oncological resection. The lip reconstruction was designed using advancement of two upper lip edges with the technique of webster perialar/nasocheek advancement. However, the perialar/nasocheek tissue which is usually discarded was used as inferiorly based skin flaps to reconstruct the membranous septum, columellar skin and nasal vestibule lining. Rib cage cartilage graft was used as columellar strut for support. At 1-year follow-up, the patient has good nasal contour and projection. Scaring of the columella is very subtle. This is a versatile way for successful reconstruction of a columella and large central facial defect in one-stage operation. It is a method which provides very satisfactory aesthetic result with minimum patient morbidity and discomfort.

Dynamics of haemocytes from Pseudosuccinea columella circulating infected by Fasciola hepatica / Dinâmica de hemócitos circulantes de Pseudosuccinea columella infectados por Fasciola hepatica

Abstract The lymnaeids are important in the epidemiology of Fasciola hepatica, a neglected and endemic zoonosis. The interaction between the internal defense system of Pseudosuccinea columella and F. hepatica has been little studied. In the present study the effect of infection by F. hepatica on P. columella circulating haemocytes was investigated. Changes in the average number of total circulating haemocytes have been observed at 30 minutes post-infection and 1, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 50 days post-infection (dpi). Miracidia were observed head-foot and mantle at 30 minutes post-infection. Miracidia/Sporocysts in the mantle skirt 1 dpi, and fully formed sporocysts were observed in the head-foot at 7 dpi. Rediae became evident at 10 dpi and were located between the haemocoel and the muscles from 14 dpi; 50 dpi, the rediae in the digestive gland contained cercariae. The statistical analysis of the total haemocytes of P. columella infected by F. hepatica showed significant differences on the 30 minutes post-infection and 1, 14, 21, and 28 dpi in comparison to uninfected molluscs (0 dpi). Therefore, the interference observed on the internal defence system of P. columella may have direct association with the development of F. hepatica.

Resumo Os limnaeideos são importantes na epidemiologia de Fasciola hepatica, uma zoonose negligenciada e endêmica. A interação entre o sistema interno de defesa de Pseudosuccinea columella e F. hepatica tem sido pouco estudada. No presente estudo, investigou-se o efeito da infecção por F. hepatica nos hemócitos circulantes de P. columella. Alterações no número médio de hemócitos circulantes foram observadas aos 30 minutos e 1, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 e 50 dias após a infecção (dpi). Miracídios foram observados na região cefalopodal e manto aos 30 minutos após a infecção. Miracídio/esporocistos foram observados no colar do manto ao 1 dpi, e esporocistos totalmente formados na região cefalopodal aos 7 dpi. Rédias tornam-se evidentes aos 10 dpi entre a hemocele e músculos a partir de 14 dpi; e rédias com cercárias próximas a glândula digestiva aos 50 dpi. A análise estatística dos hemócitos totais de P. columella infectados por F. hepatica demonstrou diferenças significativas nos 30 minutos pós-infecção e 1, 14, 21 e 28 dpi em comparação aos moluscos não infectados (0 dpi). Portanto, a interferência observada no sistema de defesa interna de P. columella pode ter associação direta com o desenvolvimento de F. hepatica.

Lengthening the columella of severe secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity by using skin cartilaginous tissue flaps on superior border of bilateral nostril / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To introduce the method of lengthening the columella of severe secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity by using skin cartilaginous tissue flaps on the superior border of bilateral nostril.Methods We adopted the method of using the skin cartilaginous tissue flaps on the superior border of bilateral nostril associated with alar cartilages reduction to lengthen the columella in 40 patients with severe secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.All patients were followed up for 5-28 months,with an average period of 15.3 months.The treatment outcomes were evaluated by a questionnaire in postoperative follow-up.Results All the 40 patients had achieved satisfactory lengthening of columella and there were no major complications.The questionnaire results showed 36 patients with excellent and 4 patients with good.Conclusions Lengthening the columella of severe secondary bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity by using skin cartilaginous tissue flaps on the superior border of bilateral nostril is a relatively simple and safe method with good effect.

Prenatal development of the sound transmitting apparatus in different embryonic stages of Malpolon monsspesulanus (squamata-serpentes)

Abstract The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.

Resumo A investigação do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de transmissão de som é importante na compreensão dos processos ontogenéticos atrás diversidade morfológica. O desenvolvimento de aparelhos de som realização foi estudada em Montpellier cobra; Monspessulanus Malpolon em 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 e 9.3 cm corporal total utilizando comprimentos de estudo de microscopia de luz. O auris columelar em primeiro lugar apareceu como células mesenquimais forma haste indiferenciada. Como o crescimento passou, ele chondrified e diferencia em duas partes principais. Além disso, os componentes viscerocrânio que participam na formação do aparelho de transmissão de som submeter a organização crítico. Em estágios mais avançados, stylohyal procartilagenous chondrified e se fundem com o quadrado bem organizado. Estes dados considerados como uma base para os mecanismos funcionais e estudos moleculares do aparelho de transmissão de som e identificação de doenças que podem infectar-los.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MODIFIED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PROSTHESIS RHINOPLASTY / 中国修复重建外科杂志

METHODS: Between August 2012 and August 2015, modified PTFE prosthesis rhinoplasty was used to correct low nose and short columella in 52 patients. There were 4 males and 48 females, aged 19 to 45 years (mean, 27 years). Primary rhinoplasty was performed in 47 cases; secondary rhinoplasty was performed in 5 cases, and it was 12-18 months from the first operation (mean, 15 months). During operation, a scaly sag ventral side was made by carving and moving cap shaped nose prosthesis was prepared, and nasal dorsumnasal columella prosthesis covered by tension-free flap was designed. At pre-operation and last follow-up, Image ProPlus 6.0 software was used to measure the nose length, nose depth, nose tip width, nostril/nose tip, nasolabial angle, and nasal tip rotation for evaluation of external nose shape correction; and ultrasound was used to measure the alar cartilage angle, alar two vertex distance, and nose tip to vertex distance for evaluation of internal soft tissue changes; the prosthesis position was observed by CT scan at 12 months.

The effect of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) (Oscillatoriales: Cyanobacteria) on the experimental breeding of Pseudosuccinea columella (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae) / Efecto de la espirulina (Arthrospira platensis) (Oscillatoriales: Cyanobacteria) en la cría experimental de Pseudosuccinea columella (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae)

Snails of the family Lymnaeidae, as Pseudosuccinea columella, are the intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, the causative agent of fasciolosis in human and livestock all over the world. A thorough knowledge of snail biology is essential for describing the transmission dynamics and for controlling this disease. Since food quality has had a significant effect on snail growth, fecundity and fertility, in this study we evaluated the use of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as a food resource for the artificial breeding of P. columella, an invasive snail and the main intermediate host of F. hepatica in Northeastern Argentina. The main purpose was to measure the effect of spirulina on fitness parameters such as survival rate, growth rate, size at first reproduction, lifetime fecundity and viable offspring. A total of 20 676 newly-laid F2 eggs were used; half of them were fed with lettuce (treatment L) and the other half with lettuce plus spirulina (treatment L+S). In comparison with P. columella snails fed only with lettuce, we found that P. columella fed with lettuce plus spirulina: 1) showed higher survival rates, 2) grew faster and showed higher growth increments, 3) attained sexual maturity earlier in time (L+S:60 days vs. L:120 days) and at a smaller size (L+S:4.8mm vs. L:8.2mm), 4) had a longer reproductive period (L+S:150 days vs. L:90 days), 5) produced a higher number of eggs/snail (L+S:29.6 vs. L:13.3), and 6) showed a higher offspring hatching rate (L+S:70% vs. L:40%). The supplementation of P. columella diet with commercial spirulina enhances it fitness and improved the artificial breeding of this species. Spirulina may have a direct positive effect on P. columella development by consuming it, along with an indirect positive effect by improving the water quality. This rearing technique provided large number of reproducing adults and a continuous production of offspring, which are essential for developing future experimental studies in order to improve our knowledge on P. columella biology.

Los caracoles de la familia Lymneidae, como Pseudosuccinea columella, actúan como hospedadores intermediarios de Fasciola hepatica, el agente etiológico de la fasciolosis, zoonosis que afecta al ganado y al hombre en todo el mundo. Conocer profundamente las características biológicas de estos caracoles resulta esencial para describir la dinámica de transmisión y controlar esta parasitosis. La calidad del alimento afecta significativamente el crecimiento, la fecundidad y la fertilidad de estos caracoles. En este estudio, evaluamos la utilización de la espirulina (Arthrospira platensis) como fuente de alimento para la cría artificial de P. columella, una especie invasora que actúa como el principal hospedero intermediario de F. hepatica en el Noreste Argentino. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue medir el efecto de la espirulina en parámetros del fitness tales como: tasa de supervivencia, tasa de crecimiento, tamaño que alcanzan a la madurez sexual, duración del período fértil, fecundidad y viabilidad de la descendencia. Se utilizaron 20 767 huevos F2 recién puestos; la mitad de ellos fue alimentado con lechuga (tratamiento L) y la otra mitad con lechuga mas espirulina (tratamiento L+S). En comparación con las P. columella alimentadas solamente con lechuga, las P. columella alimentadas con lechuga mas espirulina: 1) presentaron mayores tasas de supervivencia, 2) alcanzaron mayores tamaños y en menor tiempo, 3) alcanzaron la madurez sexual antes de tiempo (L+S:60 días vs. L:120 días) y a menor tamaño (L+S:4.8mm vs. L:8.2mm), 4) tuvieron un período reproductivo más largo (L+S:150 días vs. L:90 días), 5) produjeron mayor cantidad de huevos/caracol (L+S:29.6 vs. L:13.3) y 6) su descendencia tuvo una mayor tasa de eclosión (L+S:70% vs. L:40%). La incorporación de espirulina como suplemento alimenticio mejoró significativamente los parámetros biológicos de P. columella y maximizó la cría artificial de esta especie en laboratorio. La espirulina podría tener un efecto positivo directo sobre el desarrollo de P. columella mediante su consumo, pero también podría tener un efecto positivo indirecto al mejorar la calidad del agua. Con la técnica de cría desarrollada en este trabajo se obtiene una gran cantidad de caracoles adultos reproductores y una continua producción de huevos que son esenciales para desarrollar futuros estudios que permitan aumentar nuestro conocimiento sobre la biología de P. columella.

Tratamento estético da columela nasal: columela oculta e columela pendente / Aesthetic treatment of retracted and hanging nasal columellas

Os autores revelam, no presente trabalho, suas abordagens frente às alterações estéticas da columela nasal, mais observadas em sua prática clínica, a columela oculta e a columela pendente. Para a columela oculta os autores descrevem o uso de um retalho condro-mucopericondral do septo nasal como escolha preferencial. Para o tratamento da columela pendente os autores utilizam as abordagens, direta e indireta, descritas por Randall, nos casos leves a moderados, e para os casos mais acentuados utilizam uma associação de táticas além de uma modificação do que é descrito por Armstrong e Joseph. Suas opções de tratamento são confrontadas com o que há descrito na literatura da especialidade e seus resultados comparativos são apresentados.

This study discusses approaches for aesthetic correction of nasal columellas, i.e. retracted and hanging columellas, most commonly observed in clinical practice. We describe a chondral-mucoperichondrial nasal septal flap and direct or indirect approaches described by Randall as our preferred procedures to correct retracted and mild to moderate hanging columella, respectively. A combination of procedures is used in more severe cases, in addition to modified Armstrong and Joseph's approaches. These treatment options are compared to other literature reports on this specialty.

¿Hubo infectólogos en la Antigua Roma? / Were there infections diseases specialists in the Ancient Rome?

The existence of infectious diseases specialists in Ancient Rome is unlikely, but there were at least three authors able of keen observations on infectious matters, with enough merit to be considered our predecessors: Varro, Columella and Vitruvius, none of them physicians. Varro, in his first Book on Agriculture recommended, "Build the houses distant from swamps, because certain minute creatures are bred which cannot be followed with the eyes but which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose, giving rise to severe diseases". Also in a text of agriculture and in the same sense, Columella says "that with heat a swamp releases a pestilential vapor and produces a very dense swarm of insects, which come flying over us armed with harmful stings Vitruvius, the great architect was worried about drinkable water: its sources and properties, how to obtain it and the methods for testing its quality. The concern on its distribution and disposal of sewage started on 614 B.C., little after the foundation of Rome, with the building of the first aqueduct, the Aqua Marcia. This aqueduct in Trajan's times (century II A.D.), reached a total of 443 km, with 49,500 meters of arcades, which were up to 32 meters high, plus 2.4 Km. of an underground net. This system released 947.200 m3 of water per day, two thirds of which were for public use and one third for private customers.

Si mal pudo haber infectólogos en la Antigua Roma, hubo al menos intelectuales capaces de agudas observaciones en materia de infecciones, con merecimientos suficientes para postularse como nuestros predecesores: Varrón, Columela y Vitruvio, ninguno de ellos médico. Varrón, en el primero de sus Libros de Agricultura, recomendaba ubicar la casa evitando los pantanos, porque allí crecen ciertos animales, tan diminutos que no se pueden seguir con los ojos y flotan en el aire y entran al cuerpo por la boca y la nariz causando graves enfermedades. También en un texto de agricultura y en el mismo sentido, Columela dice que una laguna desprende con los calores un vapor pestilencial y produce enjambres espesísimos de insectos, que vienen volando sobre nosotros armados de aguijones dañinos... Vitruvio, el gran arquitecto, se ocupó del agua potable: sus fuentes y sus cualidades, cómo obtenerla y los métodos para probar su calidad. Esta preocupación por la distribución de aguas y disposición de excretas había nacido en el 614 A.C., poco después de la fundación de Roma, con la construcción del primer acueducto, el Aqua Marcia, para alcanzar en tiempos de Trajano (siglo II D.C.) un total de 443 km, con 49.500 metros de arcadas de hasta 32 metros de altura, más 2,4 km de red subterránea. Éstos entregaban 947.200 m³ por día, de los cuales dos tercios eran para uso público y un tercio privado.

Effect of Silicon Gel Sheeting in Nasal Injury Associated with Nasal CPAP in Preterm Infants.

We conducted this study to investigate the efficacy of the silicon gel application on the nares in prevention of nasal injury in preterm infants ventilated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). Patients (n=179) were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n=87) had no silicon gel applied to nares, and in Group 2 (n=92), the silicon gel sheeting was used on the surface of nares during ventilation with NCPAP. Nasal injury developed in 13 (14.9%) neonates in Group 1 and 4 (4.3%) newborns in Group 2 (OR:3.43; 95% CI: 1.1-10.1; P<0.05). The incidence of columella necrosis was also significantly higher in the Group 1 (OR: 6.34; 95% CI: 0.78-51.6; P<0.05). We conclude that the silicon gel application may reduce the incidence and the severity of nasal injury in preterm infants on nasal CPAP.

Distribución y preferencia de hábitats de moluscos hospederos intermediarios de Fasciola hepatica en Cuba / Distribution and preferred habitats of intermediary host molluscs of Fasciola hepatica in Cuba

INTRODUCCIÓN: se realizó un estudio sobre la ecología de las 2 especies de moluscos lymnaeidos de Cuba. Ambas especies son capaces de servir como hospederos intermediarios de Fasciola hepatica y existen en la mayoría de los ecosistemas de humedales. OBJETIVO: determinar la distribución y la preferencias de hábitat de Fossaria cubensis y Pseudosuccinea columella. MÉTODOS: se analizaron 370 localidades donde existen poblaciones de moluscos fluviales y se asoció la abundancia relativa de cada especie con la diversidad y el grado de antropización en cada sitio. RESULTADOS: se observó que F. cubensis es la especie mejor representada con poblaciones distribuidas por todo el Archipiélago, mientras P. columella solo se extiende desde Pinar del Río hasta Camagüey. Los tipos de hábitat preferidos por ambas especies variaron significativamente. F. cubensis predominó en hábitats antropizados (p= 0,024, M-W U test) y P. columella existe de manera equitativa en sitios naturales y transformados (p= 0,08, M-W U test). Los resultados alcanzados con respecto a la diversidad muestran que F. cubensis es más común en sitios de baja diversidad correspondientes a grados de antropización elevados, todo lo contrario a lo que ocurre con P. columella, quien existe en sitios más diversos. CONCLUSIONES: los datos sobre la distribución y ecología de estas especies refuerzan el hecho de que F. cubensis se comporte como hospedero principal de F. hepatica en Cuba (mayor distribución y hábitats antropizados). Se discuten estrategias de control sobre estas poblaciones.

INTRODUCTION: an ecological study was carried out on the lymnaeids species of Cuba. Both species are capable of serving as intermediary hosts of Fasciola hepatica and occur in most of the wetland ecosystems. OBJECTIVE: to determine distribution and habitat preferences of Fossaria cubensis and Pseudosuccinea columella. METHODS: a total of 370 locations where freshwater snails exist were analysed. Relative species abundance was associated with species diversity and antropic degree for each site. RESULTS: F. cubensis was the best distributed species with populations throughout the island whereas P. columella populations extend from Pinar del Río to Camagüey. The preferred habitats by these species substantially varied, with F. cubensis predominating in transformed habitats (p= 0.024, M-W U test) and P. columella existing in natural and transformed habitats evenly (p= 0.08, M-W U test). The results regarding diversity showed that F. cubensis is more common in sites of low diversity related to higher levels of human activity. Oppositely, P. columella is found in much more diverse ecosystems. CONCLUSIONS: data over the distribution and ecology of these species supports the fact that F. cubensis acts as the main intermediary host of F. hepatica in Cuba (extensive distribution and transformed habitats). Control techniques against these populations were discussed.

Occurrence of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) infection in Brazilian cattle of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Ocorrência de Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 em rebanhos bovinos do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease which is caused by digenetic trematodes, such as Fasciola hepatica, and which occurs worldwide. The disease causes significant economic losses in cattle because of the reduction in milk and meat production and because the parasitized livers have no economic value. Also, abortion and mortality rates increase. To determine the occurrence and dispersal of F. hepatica in the state of Minas Gerais, fecal samples were collected from bovines aged 12 months and older between April 2005 and April 2006. The bovines came from 1,251 rural farms of 120 municipalities/cities in Minas Gerais. Water was collected to ascertain the presence of the intermediate host in the properties where infected bovines were found. A total of 16 municipalities had infected bovines and 13 had the presence of Lymnaea columella. We detected infected bovines in 70 percent of the rural farms visited in the municipality of Itajubá. Itajubá was also found to have infected snails with the larval stage of F. hepatica. The results revealed that infection by F. hepatica in bovines of Minas Gerais was associated with the presence of the intermediate host and favorable epidemiological factors, drawing attention to the necessity of adopting proper control measures in the area.

A fasciolose é uma doença parasitária que ocorre em todo o mundo e é causada por um trematódeo digenético conhecido como Fasciola hepatica. A doença é responsável por causar perdas econômicas significativas em bovinos, devido à diminuição na produção de carne e leite, condenação de fígados parasitados e aumento na mortalidade. Para determinar a ocorrência e a dispersão da F. hepatica no estado de Minas Gerais, amostras de fezes de bovinos com idade superior a 12 meses foram coletadas, no período de Abril de 2005 a Abril de 2006. Foram examinados bovinos provenientes de 1.251 propriedades rurais de 120 municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Coleções hídricas também foram examinadas, a fim de verificar a presença de hospedeiros intermediários nas propriedades onde foram encontrados bovinos parasitados. Para um total de 16 municípios foi relatada a presença de bovinos infectados por F. hepatica e destes, 13 apresentaram também o molusco Lymnaea columella. Foi possível diagnosticar bovinos infectados em 70 por cento das propriedades visitadas no município de Itajubá. Além disso, no município de Itajubá foi possível detectar a presença de moluscos naturalmente infectados com diferentes estádios larvais de F. hepatica. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de medidas de controle para esta parasitose na área estudada, uma vez que foi possível verificar a presença de bovinos e moluscos infectados por F. hepatica, associada a fatores epidemiológicos favoráveis a dispersão do parasito.

Correction of short collumella by using the free composite graft of ear lobe / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate a simple and safe method for correction of the flat nose tip with the short columella. Methods The flat nose tip with the extend strut graft was corrected by using the rib cartilage or Medpor and the secondary defect of columella was repaired with the free composite graft of ear lobe in 8 cases of rhinoplasties. Results The free composite graft of ear lobe survived well and the color was similar to the neighboring tissue. There was no obviously secondary deformation at the donor site in all the cases by following-up from 1 to 2 years. Conclusions It is a simple and effective method without secondary deformation to repair the short columella by using the free composite graft of ear lobe in rhinoplasty.

Aislamiento de Paramphistomidae en vacas de leche y en el hospedador intermediario (Lymnaea truncatula y Lymnaea columella) en una granja del trópico alto en el occidente de Colombia / Paramphistomidae isolation from dairy cows and its intermediate host (Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea columella) in a dairy farm in western Colombian high tropical region / Isolamento de Paramphistomidae em vacas leiteiras e no hospedeiro intermediário (Lymnaea truncatula y Lymnaea columella) numa fazenda do trópico alto no ocidente da Colômbia

Algunos Paramphistomidae (Trematoda: Digenea) parasitan el sistema digestivo de rumiantes de importancia económica en el mundo. En Colombia han sido reseñadas dos especies en bovinos de la costa Caribe y de los llanos orientales. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de un paramfistómido en bovinos y caracoles de una hacienda localizada en Rionegro, Antioquia. En ésta se hicieron cuatro muestreos trimestrales entre julio de 2004 y julio de 2005. Se colectaron heces de los vacunos en ordeño para hacer diagnóstico mediante la técnica de Dennis. Los caracoles se capturaron en diversos ecosistemas acuáticos del lugar y su infección fue establecida mediante disección. Los huevos y los estadíos intramolusco del parásito fueron descritos y fotografiados. La frecuencia del paramfistómido fue del 100% en los 71 bovinos evaluados; de estos, el 80% (51 vacunos) presentaron además un fasciólido. Los huevos de ambos digeneos se diferenciaron mediante su coloración y la familia se confirmó mediante la eclosión de los miracidios. Se colectaron 1.146 caracoles determinados como Lymnaea truncatula y 335 determinados como Lymnaea columella, cuyas frecuencias de infección por el paramfistomido fueron 25, 47 y 1.79%, respectivamente. La morfología de los estadíos intramolusco obtenidos fue compatible con las familias Paramphistomidae y Fasciolidae. Este constituye el primer registro de un foco de paramfistomosis bovina en una zona alto andina, al occidente de Colombia, donde se destaca la presencia en simpatría con Fasciola hepatica y de dos especies de moluscos hospedadoras de ambos digéneos. Las frecuencias de infección en los caracoles, sugieren a L. truncatula como hospedador intermediario principal del paramfistómido y a L. columella como hospedador intermediario alterno del mismo...

Some Paramphistomidae (Region Trematoda: Digenea) parasitize the digestive system of economically important ruminants worldwide. Two species of these flukes have been recorded in cattle from the Caribbean Coast and eastern plains of Colombia. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of paramphistomids in both dairy cattle (n = 71) and snails on a dairy farm in Rionegro (Antioquia), located in the western Andes. Four quarterly fecal samples were taken in the farm from July 2004 to July 2005. Faeces were collected from lactating dairy cows for diagnosis by using the Dennis technique. Snails were captured in diverse aquatic ecosystems of the locality and their infection status was confirmed by dissection under stereoscopic exam. The eggs and intra-mollusc stages of the parasite were described and photographed. The frequency of the paramphistomid was 100% in the 71 cows evaluated, of which 51 (80%) also presented fasciolid flukes. Eggs of the two digeneid species were differentiated based on their coloration, and the identity of the family confirmed through eclosion of the miracidia. In all 1146 snails were collected and identified as Lymnaea truncatula and a further 335 as L. columella, whose rates of infection to the paramphistomid were 25, 47 and 1.79% respectively. The morphologies of the intra-mollusc stages obtained were compatible with members of the families Paramphistomidae and Fasciolidae. This constitutes the first record of a focus of bovine paramphistomosis in the high Andean zone of western Colombia. The presence in sympatry of the paramphistomid with Fasciola hepatica is noteworthy, as is the finding of two host snail species for both digeneids. The frequencies of infection in the snails indicate that L. truncatula acts as the principal intermediate host of the paramphistomid and L. columella as its alternate intermediate host. Although the frequency of paramphistomids in the herd was very high, presence of the parasite was unsuspected until the present study...

Alguns Paramphistomidae (Trematoda: Digenea) parasitam o sistema digestivo de ruminantes de importância econômica no mundo. Na Colômbia têm sido identificadas duas espécies em bovinos da Costa Caribe e dos Llanos Orientais Nacionais. Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência de um paramfistómido em bovinos e caracóis de uma fazenda localizada em Rionegro, Antioquia. Nesta fazenda foram feitas quatro amostragens trimestrais entre julho de 2004 e julho de 2005 coletando fezes de bovinos em ordenho, para fazer o diagnóstico mediante a técnica de Dennis. Os caracóis foram capturados em diversos ecossistemas aquáticos do lugar e sua infecção estabelecida mediante dissecção. Os ovos e os estádios intramolusco do parasito foram descritos e fotografados. A freqüência do paramfistómido foi de 100% nos 71 bovinos avaliados, de estes, o 80% (51 bovinos) apresentaram ademais um fasciólido. Os ovos de ambos digêneos diferenciaram-se mediante sua coloração e a família se confirmou mediante a eclosão dos miracidios. Foram coletados 1.146 caracois catalogados como Lymnaea truncatula e 335 catalogados como Lymnaea columella, cujas freqüências de infeção pelo paramfistomido foram 25, 47 e 1.79%, respectivamente. A morfologia dos estádios intramolusco obtidos foi compatível com as familias Paramphistomidae e Fasciolidae. Isto constitui o primeiro registro de um foco de paramfistomosis bovina numa região alto andina, no ocidente da Colômbia, donde destaca-se a presença em simpatría com Fasciola hepatica e duas espécies de moluscos hospedeiros de ambos digêneos. As freqüências de infecção nos caracóis, sugerem L. truncatula como hospedeiro intermediário principal do paramfistómido e L. columella como hospedeiro intermediário alternativo do mesmo...

A comparative study on the correction methods of nostril in patients with cleft lip nasal deformity

The secondary correction of cleft lip nasal deformity (CLND) presents difficult surgical problems. Characteristically, nostrils are asymmetric. The present study was aimed to examine and compare the effect of Straith's alar web Z-plasty, Millard's alar web Z-plasty, alar web excision, and lateral V-Y advancement of the alar base for augmentation of the nostril with or without lengthening the columella in CLND. The subjects were 28 patients with unilateral cleft lip, who had secondary nostril correction. The nostril correction methods were Straith's alar web Z-plasty, Millard's alar web Z-plasty, alar web excision, and lateral V-Y advancement of the alar base. Facial photographs were taken before and 20 days after the operation. By using Adobe photoshop, the columella length and the nostril width were measured from the facial frontal photograph and Worm's eye view. The degree of improvement was calculated and statistically analyzed. The degree of improvement of the columella length using Straith's alar web Z-plasty was 70.20%. And then Millard's alar web Z-plasty was 55.01%, alar web excision was 39.93%, and lateral V-Y advancement of the alar base was 16.38% in order. The degree of improvement of the nostril size using lateral V-Y advancement of the alar base was 55.26%. And then alar web excision was 52.72%, Millard's alar web Z-plasty was 34.86%, and Straith's alar web Z-plasty was 16.06% in order. Straith's alar web Z-plasty and Millard's alar web Z-plasty resulted in elongation of the columella, equalization of asymmetrical nostril, and enlargement of small nostrils. Alar web excision enlarged nostrils and restored symmetry. Lateral VY advancement of the alar base increased nostril width and enlarged nostrils. These results indicate that the correction of nostrils improve the shape and the symmetry of the nostrils in CLND.

Nasal Tip-Plasty with Silicone Implant and Medpor(R) Onlay and Strut Implant

In traditional concepts, the beautiful nose was defined as showing a round tip and having a good relationship with his or her own face. Esthetically, it is thought to be good that the ratio of nasal lobule to columella is 1 : 1.618. Comparing oriental and Caucasian nose, oriental nasal tip has more oily skin and more thin cartilages than that of Caucasians. In addition, in case of cleft patients, Orientals have a shortage of nasal skin. Therefore oriental nasal tip shows more tension following nasal tip-plasty. Until now, for tip-plasty, we have applied many surgical methods, such as lengthening of columella with V-Y advancement or composite graft from concha, advancement of retruded columella by septal cartilage graft, Converse's method, Millard's method and silicone implant or bone graft. Above mentioned methods have several advantages of own themselves, but also have several disadvantages such as donor site morbidity, scar formation and so on. Nowadays, we have used silicone and cartilage graft or Alloderm for augmentation rhinoplasty and tip-plasty because of their simplicity. But autogenous cartilage graft has some disadvantages such as absorption, distortion and possibility of donor site morbidity. We think that there's no specific rationale to insist to use autograft or allograft on the nasal tip while using the silicone, which is synthetic material, on the nasal dorsum. Medpor is such a rigid, elastic and microporous material that can be fixed firmly on its original site by allowing an in-growth of fibrovascular tissues into its own micropores. In addition, it is free from donor site morbidity and offers simpler operation procedure. From November 1999 to January 2001, authors performed augmentation rhinoplasty to 32 patients with I-shaped silicone implant through an alar rim incision. Thereafter on nasal tip portion of implant we performed Medpor onlay implant and on the columella, from its base to the nasal tip area, we performed Medpor strut implant as we wanted. As a result of mean 6 months follow-up, we can achieve a good nasal tip projection, lengthening of columella, natural columella appearance and improvement to obtuse nasolabial angle. No specific complications were reported except for 2 cases. One case showed slight hardness on nasal tip area. We think more follow-up period is needed for this situation. The other case showed minimal displacement of silicone implant. But it did not require any additional operations because the patient wanted no more operation. We think that tip-plasty using Medpor onlay and strut implant is effective and simple method which can be performed at out-patient department.

Reconstruction of nasal tip and columella using dorsal forefinger skin flap based on proper palmar digital artery and reverse forearm skin flap on tiny cutaneous branches of radial artery / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To seek new skin flap donor sites beyond face to repair deformity of nose. Methods Seven patients underwent reconstruction of nasal tips and columellae with dorsal forefinger sk in flap based on proper palmar digital artery and reverse forearm skin flap base d on tiny cutaneous branches of radial artery. Results Al l flaps survived. Similar external appearance in color and texture compared with adjacent normal skin was achieved for 1～4 years follow-up. Conclus i on Remarkable advantage without second deformity in face is archeive d due to contribution of skin flap. These two methods of correction can be more acceptible by patients than usual ones.