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1.
Medisan ; 28(1)feb. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558495

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Un elevado porcentaje de pacientes que han padecido la covid-19 refiere una serie de manifestaciones clínicas que persisten luego del cuadro original. Uno de los grupos poblacionales en el que esto ocurre con mayor frecuencia es el de adultos mayores, a los cuales se les debe prestar máxima atención. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia multimodal en ancianos con manifestaciones psicosomáticas por síndrome poscovid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención terapéutica, sin grupo de control, en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, durante el periodo de marzo a mayo de 2021. La población estudiada se conformó por 25 pacientes de 60 y más años de edad con síndrome poscovid-19, quienes presentaron manifestaciones psicosomáticas y recibieron tratamiento multimodal (psicoterapia grupal y terapia floral). Se analizaron las variables sexo, edad, manifestaciones psicosomáticas y respuesta al tratamiento, cuya efectividad se evaluó según la proporción de pacientes con respuesta satisfactoria, considerando un nivel de significación de 5 %. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino y los grupos etarios de 65-69 y 70-74 años. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron la disnea, la astenia y la ansiedad. Después de aplicar la terapia multimodal, se logró una proporción significativa de pacientes con condición favorable, pues disminuyó el número de manifestaciones psicosomáticas. Conclusiones: La terapia multimodal resultó ser efectiva para reducir el número de manifestaciones psicosomáticas en los adultos mayores con síndrome poscovid-19.


Introduction: A high percentage of patients that have suffered from covid-19 refer a series of clinical manifestations that persist after the original pattern. One of the population groups in which this happens most frequently is the elderly, to whom maximum care should be paid. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined modality therapy in elderly with psychosomatic manifestations due to postcovid-19 syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experiment study without control group of therapeutic intervention was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from March to May, 2021. The population studied was made up of 25 patients of 60 years and over with postcovid-19 syndrome, who presented psychosomatic manifestations and received combined modality treatment (group psychotherapy and floral therapy). Sex, age and psychosomatic manifestations were analyzed as variables, as well as the response to treatment, which effectiveness was evaluated according to the proportion of patients with a satisfactory response, taking into account a significance level of 5 %. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex and the 65-69 and 70-74 age groups. The most frequent manifestations were dyspnea, asthenia and anxiety. After applying the combined modality therapy, a significant proportion of patients with a favorable condition was achieved, since the number of psychosomatic manifestations decreased. Conclusions: Combined modality therapy was effective to reduce the number of psychosomatic manifestations in elderly with postcovid-19 syndrome.

2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 121(2): e20230276, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533739

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste relato é mostrar a evolução da cardiotoxicidade (CTX) por quimioterápicos em paciente com linfoma por exames de imagens, destacando a importância da captação miocárdica de flúor-18 fluordeoxiglicose (18F-FDG) pela tomografia por emissão de pósitrons, acoplada à tomografia computadorizada (PET/CT). Feminino, 43 anos, com linfoma uterino, submetida a histerectomia, três esquemas de quimioterapia (QT), sucessivamente, e radioterapia. Apresentou episódios de insuficiência cardíaca aguda dois anos após QT. Ecocardiograma mostrou redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE). Análise retrospectiva do 18F-FDG PET/CT observou elevação da captação miocárdica em todos os exames durante o seguimento oncológico. Apesar da remissão oncológica, a paciente desenvolveu IC com FEVE reduzida. Durante a QT, ocorreu aumento difuso e significativo da captação miocárdica de 18F-FDG, que precedeu a queda do desempenho cardíaco, e pareceu refletir alterações metabólicas nos cardiomiócitos relacionadas à CTX. A análise da captação miocárdica de 18F-FDG modificaria o desfecho cardiológico da paciente? Esse questionamento é relevante, visto que outros pacientes podem se beneficiar desse método como marcador precoce de CTX. Os exames de imagem são imprescindíveis no acompanhamento de pacientes com risco de CTX. O ecocardiograma permanece como principal auxílio diagnóstico, porém o 18F-FDG PET/CT pode estar surgindo como uma poderosa ferramenta para um diagnóstico mais precoce dessa condição clínica.


Abstract The objective of this case report was to present the progression of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in a patient with lymphoma, highlighting the importance of myocardial fluor-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT). 43-year-old female patient with uterine lymphoma, who underwent hysterectomy followed by three chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy. The patient had episodes of acute heart failure two years after chemotherapy. Echocardiogram revealed a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A retrospective analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT showed an increase in myocardial uptake in all tests performed during oncologic treatment. Despite disease remission, the patient developed heart failure with reduced LVEF. During chemotherapy, there was a diffuse, significant increase in myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, which preceded the decrease in myocardial performance and seemed to reflect metabolic changes in cardiomyocytes, related to cardiotoxicity. Would an analysis of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake yield a different cardiac outcome in this patient? This question is relevant, considering that other patients may benefit from the use of PET as an early marker of cardiotoxicity. Imaging tests are essential in the follow-up of patients at risk of cardiotoxicity. Although echocardiography remains the main imaging test in the diagnosis of cardiotoxicity, 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of this condition.

3.
BrJP ; 7: e20230096, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527991

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spine diseases have a high annual prevalence and are the main causes of years lived with disability and chronic pain. Among the postoperative analgesic control options, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and multimodal analgesia (MMA) have shown good clinical results. This meta-analysis seeks new evidence to help in the treatment of acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing spinal surgery. CONTENTS: The following databases were used: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase. Studies that compared two post-surgical analgesic interventions were included; MMA and PCA. The parameters evaluated were: analgesic effect; opioid consumption; length of hospital stay; and adverse effects. Registration of the systematic review protocol: (PROSPERO CRD42023446627). There was no statistical difference when assessing analgesic improvement comparing MMA to PCA (MD -0.12 [-0.41, 0.17] 95%CI with p=0.69). There was a statistical difference, with lower opioid consumption in MMA compared to PCA (MD -3.04 [-3.69, -2.39] 95%CI with p=0.0002). Statistically significant difference regarding length of hospital stay in favor of MMA (MD -13.17 [-16.98, -9.36] 95%CI with p=0.00001), and significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing MMA in compared to PCA (OR 0.26 [0.11, -0.64] 95%CI with p=0.003). CONCLUSION: MMA was equivalent to PCA in the treatment of acute postoperative spinal pain, with the significant clinical advantage and safety of lower amounts of infused opioids, shorter hospital stay and lower incidence of adverse effects.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As doenças da coluna apresentam alta prevalência anual e são as principais causas de anos vividos com incapacidade e de cronificação da dor. Dentre as opções de controle analgésico pós-operatória, a analgesia controlada pelo paciente (ACP) e a analgesia multimodal (AMM) apresentam bons resultados clínicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar novas evidências que auxiliem no tratamento da dor aguda no pós-operatório do paciente submetido à cirurgia da coluna. CONTEÚDO: As bases de dados utilizadas: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline e Embase. Foram incluídos estudos que compararam duas intervenções analgésicas pós-cirúrgicas; AMM e ACP. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: efeito analgésico; consumo de opioide; tempo de internação hospitalar e efeitos adversos. Registro do protocolo de revisão sistemática: (PROSPERO CRD42023446627). Não houve diferença estatística quando avaliadas a melhora analgésica comparando a AMM à ACP (MD -0,12 [-0,41, 0,17] 95%CI com p=0,69). Houve diferença estatística, com menor consumo de opioide na AMM em comparação à ACP (MD -3,04 [-3,69, -2,39] 95%IC com p=0,0002). Diferença estatística significativa com relação ao tempo de permanência hospitalar a favor da AMM (MD -13,17 [-16,98, -9,36] 95%IC com p=0,00001), e incidência significativamente menor de náuseas e vômitos nos pacientes submetidos a AMM em comparação a ACP (OR 0,26 [0,11, -0,64] 95%IC com p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A AMM foi equivalente à ACP no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória da coluna, com a significativa vantagem clínica e a segurança de menores quantidades de opioides infundidos, menor tempo de internação hospitalar e menor incidência de efeitos adversos.

4.
Hansen. int ; 49: 39416, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, HANSEN, HANSENIASE, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1562288

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a hanseníase apresenta potencial incapacitante secundário às reações hansênicas. Existe considerável número de indivíduos com episódios recorrentes de reação durante o tratamento. Objetivo: identificar características clínicas e histopatológicas que diferenciem pacientes com reação hansênica ou não. Método: estudo prospectivo de julho/2015 a dezembro/2016, com avaliação de indivíduos com diagnóstico novo de hanseníase atendidos no serviço de dermatologia do Complexo Hospitalar Clementino Fraga, na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os sujeitos foram classificados segundo os critérios de Ridley-Jopling/Madrid e por classificação operacional. Realizaram exame histopatológico no momento do diagnóstico e após 12 meses, e reavaliados após 6 e 12 meses do diagnóstico. Resultados: o grupo sem reação apresentou maior número de lesões com nítida delimitação. Observou-se predomínio das formas multibacilares entre indivíduos com reação. Quanto ao grau de incapacidade, o grupo com reação apresentou maior número de indivíduos com grau de incapacidade maior que zero. No grupo sem reação, encontrou-se menor frequência de fatores predisponentes. Notou-se correlação positiva do índice baciloscópico de biópsia cutânea com a ocorrência de reações. Discussão: a ausência de delimitação periférica das lesões pode se correlacionar com o surgimento de reação hansênica. O predomínio de reação entre os indivíduos que apresentavam grau de incapacidade maior que zero sugere associação de deficiência física e doença multibacilar. A ausência de fatores predisponentes aponta menor risco de reação hansênica. Observou-se correlação positiva do índice baciloscópico da biópsia com a ocorrência das reações. Conclusão: a significativa prevalência de reações graves enfatizam a importância do estudo contínuo da hanseníase e a necessidade de identificar precocemente as características clínicas sugestivas de reações hansênicas.(AU)


Introduction: leprosy reactions have the potential to cause disabilities. Many individuals experience recurrent episodes of reaction during treatment. Objective:to identify clinical and histopathological characteristics that differentiate patients with leprosy reactions from those without leprosy reactions. Method: this is a prospective study conducted from July 2015 to December 2016, evaluating individuals newly diagnosed with leprosy and treated at the dermatology service of the Clementino Fraga Hospital Complex in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The subjects were classified according to the Ridley-Jopling/Madrid criteria and operational classification. They underwent a histopathological examination at the time of diagnosis and 12 months later, and were reassessed 6 and 12 months after the diagnosis. Results: the group without a reaction had a greater number of lesions with clear delimitation. Individuals with a reaction showed a predominance of multibacillary forms. The group with a reaction had a greater number of individuals with a degree of disability greater than zero. A positive correlation was observed between the bacilloscopic index and the occurrence of reactions. Discussion: the lack of clear boundaries around the lesions may be linked to the onset of a leprosy reaction. The higher incidence of reactions in individuals with some degree of physical disability indicates a correlation between disability and multibacillary disease. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the bacilloscopic index of the biopsy and the occurrence of reactions. Conclusion: the high incidence of severe reactions underscores the need for ongoing studies on leprosy and the identification of early clinical characteristics that suggest leprosy reactions.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leprosy/pathology , Leprosy/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
5.
BrJP ; 6(4): 374-382, Oct.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527982

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wound complications and pharmacological pain relief methods used at the skin surgical site after cesarean delivery may result in women's physical and emotional burden. Thus, nonpharmacological treatments must be explored to avoid these complications and side effects on maternal health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Combined Ultrasound and Electric Field Stimulation (CUSEFS) on cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. METHODS: This study has a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design. Thirty women (25.7±5.0 years) in immediate postpartum were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG, n:11), and Placebo (PG, n:10). CUSEFS was performed once for 20 minutes. Cicatricial pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and functional capacity (Functional Capacity Check) was assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and after 30 minutes. Cohen's (d) and Mixed-design analysis of variance were used to compare groups. RESULTS: Immediately after the intervention, TG showed a decrease in cicatricial pain compared with CG in sensory (d:3.8 to 4.0), affective (d:4.0), and total categories (d:3.9). In functional capacity, TG had less difficulty than CG at walking (d:0.6) and lying down (d:1.1), and PG at rest (d: 0.9). CONCLUSION: CUSEFS might be a resource for managing cicatricial pain and functional capacity in immediate cesarean delivery. Further studies with longer duration and different CUSEFS doses/parameters are required.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As complicações na ferida e o uso de métodos farmacológicos de alívio da dor no local cirúrgico após a cesariana podem resultar em sobrecarga física e emocional para a mulher. Assim, tratamentos não farmacológicos devem ser explorados para evitar essas complicações e efeitos adversos à saúde materna. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da terapia combinada de estimulação elétrica por meio do ultrassom (CUSEFS) na dor cicatricial e na capacidade funcional no pós-parto imediato de cesariana. MÉTODOS: Este estudo possui um desenho de ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo. Trinta mulheres (25,7±5,0 anos) em pós-parto imediato de cesariana foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: Controle (CG, n:9), CUSEFS (TG:11) e Placebo (PG, n:10). O CUSEFS foi realizado uma vez por 20 minutos. A dor cicatricial (Questionário de Dor McGill) e a capacidade funcional (Functional Capacity Check) foram avaliadas no início, após a intervenção e após 30 minutos. As análises de variância de design misto e Cohen (d) foram usadas para comparar os grupos. RESULTADOS: Imediatamente após a intervenção, o TG apresentou diminuição na dor cicatricial em relação ao CG nas categorias sensorial (d:3,8 a 4,0), afetiva (d:4,0) e total (d:3,9). Na capacidade funcional, o TG apresentou menor dificuldade que o CG na marcha (d:0,6) e deitado (d:1,1), e que o PG em repouso (d:0,9). CONCLUSÃO: O CUSEFS pode ser um recurso para o manejo da dor cicatricial e da capacidade funcional imediatamente após a cesariana. Além disso, são necessários mais estudos com maior duração e diferentes doses/parâmetros de CUSEFS.

6.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 40(2)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1514468

ABSTRACT

La determinación del porcentaje de pérdida en pacientes lesionados con múltiples secuelas por riesgos de trabajo resulta un verdadero reto para el perito, esto adquiere mayor relevancia cuando en el fuero judicial se pueden presentar discrepancias en los criterios para el uso o no de fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo. La fórmula de suma combinada, creada por el Médico Forense Víctor Balthazard, no es más que un ordenamiento de una regla de tres que ordena los porcentajes otorgados a cada secuela de mayor a menor para evitar que el porcentaje final sobrepase el 100%, o bien que resulte en un porcentaje mayor que una secuela única puntuada en el baremo y que por gravedad en la intensidad de la misma resulte con un porcentaje menor al calculado por la secuela múltiple y que se ha utilizado en fueros laborales y de seguridad social alrededor del mundo. El Baremo contenido en el Código de Trabajo no establece explícitamente la forma en que se calcula el porcentaje de pérdida por secuelas múltiples, lo cual brinda libertad al perito para utilizar fórmulas, como lo es la fórmula de suma combinada, que permite calcular de forma congruente las pérdidas sucesivas sin sobrepasar a la persona más allá de su capacidad general total del 100% o de otorgar porcentajes mayores a secuelas de mayor gravedad que la suma de las pérdidas por el evento que se está valorando.


The determination of the percentage of loss in injured patients with multiple sequelae due to occupational hazards is a real challenge for the expert, this becomes even more relevant when in the judicial system there may be discrepancies in the criteria for the use or not of mathematical formulas for the calculation. The combined sum formula, created by the Forensic Physician Victor Balthazard, is nothing more than an arrangement of a rule of three that orders the percentages given to each sequel from highest to lowest to avoid that the final percentage exceeds 100%, or that it results in a higher percentage than a single sequel scored in the scale and that due to the severity in the intensity of the same results in a lower percentage than that calculated for the multiple sequel and that has been used in labor and social security courts around the world. The Schedule contained in the Labor Code does not explicitly establish the way in which the percentage of loss for multiple sequelae is calculated, which gives the expert the freedom to use formulas, such as the combined sum formula, which allows a congruent calculation of the successive losses without exceeding the person's total general capacity of 100% or to grant higher percentages to sequelae of greater severity than the sum of the losses for the event being valued.


Subject(s)
Risk Assessment/methods , Forensic Sciences/methods , Costa Rica , Forensic Medicine
7.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 25(2): 25-36, jul.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1559764

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El presente trabajo es el resultado de una iniciativa para analizar, resumir y mostrar la evidencia científica más reciente sobre el tema de la hipertensión y la implementación de las mejores terapéuticas disponibles. Este documento fue creado con la colaboración conjunta de médicos especialistas para dar una perspectiva local a la gestión basada en la mejor evi- dencia científica y en el contexto de la región de Centroamérica y el Caribe. Este artículo cuenta con el respaldo científico y académico de la Sociedad Centroamericana y del Caribe de Cardiología y es el primero de su tipo en abordar el problema y tema de la hipertensión. Se desarrolló a partir de una revisión detallada de la evidencia científica utilizando los principales buscadores médicos, seleccionando los estudios pivotales y poblacionales con mayor nivel de evidencia disponible. La in- tención es brindar información sencilla, con recomendaciones fáciles de implementar en el manejo diario de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Este documento contó con el apoyo logístico del Laboratorio Servier, tanto con los autores como en su edición; sin embargo, la información clínica presentada no estuvo condicionada por el laboratorio. Este material es responsabilidad de los autores.


ABSTRACT Antihypertensive therapy recommendations: the importance of combinations Endorsed by the Central American and Caribbean Society of Cardiology The present work is the result of an initiative to analyze, summarize, and show the latest scientific evidence on the subject of hypertension and the implementation of the best available therapeutics. This document was created with the joint collaboration of medical specialists to give a local perspective to the management based on the best scientific evidence and in the context of the Central American and Caribbean region. This paper has the scientific and academic support of the Central American and Caribbean Society of Cardiology and is the first of its kind to address the problem and topic of hypertension. It was developed from a detailed review of the scientific evidence using the main medical search engines, selecting the pivotal and population-based studies with the highest level of evidence available. The intention is to provide simple information, with easy-to-implement recommendations to implement in the daily management of patients with arterial hypertension. This document had the logistic support of Servier Laboratory, both with the authors as well as its editing; however, the clinical information presented was not conditioned by the laboratory. This material is the responsibility of the authors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Hypertension/therapy , Cardiology
8.
Rev. Finlay ; 13(3)sept. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514826

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: la anemia constituye una de las toxicidades más frecuentes con factores de riesgo intrínsecos en el paciente. La anemia por toxicidad debido a la quimioterapia se considera una disfunción hematopoyética de una sola estirpe de causa iatrogénica por su relación al tratamiento. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la anemia por toxicidad a la quimioterapia en los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón que recibieron tratamiento con quimioterapia en el Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie de la provincia Camagüey, en el período de enero del 2020 a diciembre del 2022. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por 101 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, estadiamiento, condición al egreso y anemia por toxicidad. Se empleó como método el análisis documental, a través de la revisión de las historias clínicas. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino con 73,3 % de los casos de cáncer de pulmón, no se evidenciaron diferencias en cuanto a la edad acorde al sexo. La mayor parte de los pacientes se encontraron en los estadios IIIA 36,6 % y IIIB 33,6 %. El 56,4 % egresaron en condición de vivo y el 21,8 % de los pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia desarrollaron anemia por toxicidad. Conclusiones: predominó el sexo masculino, la mayoría de los pacientes se encontraron en los estadios IIIA y IIIB, el mayor porciento de pacientes egresó vivo y un número considerable de los que recibieron quimioterapia desarrollaron anemia por toxicidad.


Foundation: anemia constitutes one of the most frequent toxicities with intrinsic risk factors in the patient. Anemia due to toxicity due to chemotherapy is considered a single-line hematopoietic dysfunction of iatrogenic cause due to its relationship to treatment. Objective: to characterize the behavior of anemia due to toxicity to chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Method: a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy treatment at the María Curie Provincial Teaching Oncology Hospital in Camagüey province, from January 2020 to December 2022. The population under study the study consisted of 101 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were: age, sex, staging, condition at discharge and anemia due to toxicity. Documentary analysis was used as a method, through the review of medical records. Results: the male sex predominated with 73.3 % of the cases of lung cancer, there were no differences in terms of age according to sex. Most of the patients were found in stages IIIA 36.6 % and IIIB 33.6 %. 56.4 % were discharged alive and 21.8 % of the patients who received chemotherapy developed anemia due to toxicity. Conclusions: the male sex predominated, most of the patients were in stages IIIA and IIIB, the highest percentage of patients were discharged alive and a considerable number of those who received chemotherapy developed anemia due to toxicity.

9.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 39(2)jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533494

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La degeneración combinada subaguda (DCS) es un trastorno caracterizado por la degeneración difusa de la sustancia blanca a nivel del SNC, que afecta específicamente los cordones posteriores y laterales de la médula espinal, con pérdida de la mielinización periférica y central. De manera frecuente, las manifestaciones clínicas son parestesias y debilidad generalizada causada por deficiencia de vitamina B12. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 79 años, con cuadro clínico de 3 meses de evolución de limitación funcional para la marcha acompañado de desorientación. Al examen físico evidenció desorientación, cuadriparesia e hiporreflexia, con niveles séricos bajos de vitamina B12, RM cervical con focos hiperintensos en el segmento C3/C6 y endoscopia de vías digestivas altas con atrofia de la mucosa gástrica. Presentamos un caso clínico de DCS. Discusión: Este es un caso de DCS que se manifiesta por medio de una alteración neuropsiquiátrica, con una presentación inicial inespecífica que comprende deterioro de la marcha, movimientos anormales con afectación cognitiva y psiquiátrica dada por alucinaciones visuales y desorientación. Su sospecha es importante en pacientes con factores de riesgo por medio del conocimiento de la patología, para una adecuada sospecha diagnóstica y una instauración oportuna de reposición vitamínica, la cual presenta una excelente respuesta. Conclusión: La DCS es un trastorno en el que se evidencia anemia con deficiencia de vitamina B12, des-mielinización del tejido nervioso y en muchos casos signos sugestivos de atrofia gástrica, y para ello es crucial la detección temprana de esta enfermedad por medio de la determinación de niveles séricos de vitamina B12, asociado a síntomas neurológicos, para así lograr su adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento.


Introduction: Subacute combined degeneration (DCS) is a disorder characterized by diffuse degeneration of white matter at the CNS level, specifically affecting the posterior and lateral cords of the spinal cord, also with loss of peripheral and central myelination, frequently the clinical manifestations are paresthesias and generalized weakness caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Case presentation: A 79-year-old male patient with a 3-month history of functional limitation for walking accompanied by disorientation. On physical examination, he revealed disorientation, quadriparesis, and hyporeflexia, with low serum levels of vitamin B12, cervical MRI with hyperintense foci in segment C3/C6, and upper digestive tract endoscopy with atrophy of the gastric mucosa. We present a clinical case of DCS. Discussion: This is a case of DCS that manifests itself through neuropsychiatric alteration with a nonspecific initial presentation with gait impairment, abnormal movements with cognitive and psychiatric affectation given by visual hallucinations and disorientation. Its suspicion is important in patients with risk factors. risk through knowledge of the pathology for an adequate diagnostic suspicion and a timely establishment of vitamin replacement for which it presents an excellent response. Conclusion: DCS is a disorder where anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency, demyelination of the nervous tissue and in many cases signs suggestive of gastric atrophy are evident, for which early detection of this disease is crucial through the determination of serum levels of vitamin B12 associated with neurological symptoms, in order to achieve its proper diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency , Anemia , Methylmalonic Acid , Muscle Weakness , Subacute Combined Degeneration , Intrinsic Factor
10.
Rev. cuba. med ; 62(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450003

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hipotiroidismo es una entidad de visita frecuente al endocrinólogo, establecer el mejor tratamiento es un desafío, a pesar del manejo adecuado y de un control hormonal óptimo, en ocasiones los pacientes continúan con los síntomas que afectan su calidad de vida, por lo que el tratamiento debe ser individualizado, basado en la mejor evidencia. Objetivo: Establecer las mejores opciones terapéuticas en las diferentes formas de presentación del hipotiroidismo. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en las bases de datos de PubMed, Medline, LILACS, EMBASE, Redalyc y guías internacionales. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones en inglés y español, en las que el título, palabras clave o resumen incluyen información pertinente al objetivo de estudio, periodicidad no mayor a los 5 años a excepción de las guías que son las últimas revisiones. En la búsqueda se obtuvieron 30 artículos de los cuales fueron 14 seleccionados. Conclusiones: Se establecieron las opciones terapéuticas con el fin de obtener un mejor tratamiento para el paciente hipotiroideo que debe ser individualizado y basado en la mejor evidencia, para alcanzar un control adecuado de su enfermedad, mejorar la calidad de vida y evitar complicaciones relacionadas con esta patología.


Introduction: Hypothyroidism is an entity that is frequently seen at the endocrinologist´s. establishing the best treatment is a challenge, despite proper management and optimal hormonal control, sometimes patients continue with symptoms which affect their quality of life, therefore that treatment should be individualized, based on the best evidence. Objective: To establish the best therapeutic options in hypothyroidism different forms of presentation. Methods: A non-systematic bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Medline, LILACS, EMBASE, Redalyc databases and in the international guidelines. The inclusion criteria were publications in English and Spanish, in which the title, keywords or abstract include relevant information to the objective of the study, with a periodicity of no more than 5 years, except for the guidelines that the latest revisions were used. In the search, 30 articles were retrieved, 14 which were selected. Conclusions: The therapeutic options were established in order to find better treatment for hypothyroid patients, which must be individualized and based on the best evidence, to achieve adequate control of the disease, to improve the quality of life and to avoid related complications.

11.
Radiol. bras ; 56(4): 220-225, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514669

ABSTRACT

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein expressed in normal prostate cells and overexpressed in prostate cancer. Consequently, it is an important tool in the evaluation of prostate cancer, including the staging of high-risk patients and the assessment of biochemical recurrence. Despite the "specific" designation, benign musculoskeletal conditions, such as fractures, osteodegenerative changes, and fibrous dysplasia, can also show PSMA uptake, which can lead to misinterpretation of the imaging findings. Therefore, radiologists must be aware of these potential pitfalls, understand their causes, and fully analyze their morphologic features on unfused computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans to correctly interpret the examination. In this pictorial essay, we review the basic characteristics of the 68Ga-PSMA positron-emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) radiotracer, discuss potential causes of false-positive findings on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the musculoskeletal system, and illustrate the corresponding imaging findings.


Resumo O antígeno de membrana próstata específico (PSMA) é uma proteína transmembrana que apresenta expressão em células prostáticas normais e superexpressão em neoplasia da próstata. Dessa forma, é uma importante ferramenta na avaliação da neoplasia prostática, de utilidade no estadiamento de pacientes de alto risco e na análise de recorrência bioquímica. Apesar do termo "específico", condições musculoesqueléticas benignas podem demonstrar captação de PSMA, como fraturas, alterações osteodegenerativas e displasia fibrosa, podendo levar a uma avaliação equivocada dos achados de imagem. Assim, o radiologista deve conhecer esses potenciais pitfalls, compreender suas causas e analisar as características morfológicas nas imagens não fundidas de TC e RM para interpretar corretamente o exame. Neste ensaio iconográfico, revisaremos as características básicas do radiofármaco 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, discutiremos possíveis causas de resultados falso-positivos na 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT no sistema musculoesquelético e ilustraremos os achados de imagem correspondentes.

12.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 36: e1736, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447002

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Surgical resection remains the main curative therapeutic modality for advanced gastric cancer. Recently, the association of preoperative chemotherapy has allowed the improvement of results without increasing surgical complications. AIMS: To evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy in a real-world setting. METHODS: A retrospective review of gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy was performed. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis: upfront surgery and preoperative chemotherapy. The propensity score matching analysis, including 9 variables, was applied to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Of the 536 patients included, 112 (20.9%) were referred for preoperative chemotherapy. Before the propensity score matching analysis, the groups were different in terms of age, hemoglobin level, node metastasis at clinical stage- status, and extent of gastrectomy. After the analysis, 112 patients were stratified for each group. Both were similar for all variables assigned in the score. Patients in the preoperative chemotherapy group had less advanced postoperative p staging (p=0.010), postoperative n staging (p<0.001), and pTNM stage (p<0.001). Postoperative complications, 30- and 90-days mortality were similar between both groups. Before the propensity score matching analysis, there was no difference in survival between the groups. After the analysis, patients in the preoperative chemotherapy group had better overall survival compared to upfront surgery group (p=0.012). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that American Society of Anesthesiologists III/IV category and the presence of lymph node metastasis were factors significantly associated with worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with increased survival in gastric cancer. There was no difference in the postoperative complication rate and mortality compared to upfront surgery.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A ressecção cirúrgica continua sendo a principal modalidade terapêutica curativa para o câncer gástrico avançado. Recentemente, a associação de quimioterapia pré-operatória tem permitido a melhora dos resultados sem aumentar as complicações cirúrgicas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados cirúrgicos e oncológicos da quimioterapia pré-operatória em um cenário do mundo real. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma revisão retrospectiva de pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos à gastrectomia. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos para análise: cirurgia inicial e quimioterapia pré-operatória. A análise por escore de propensão, incluindo 9 variáveis, foi aplicada para ajustar possíveis fatores de confusão. RESULTADOS: Dos 536 pacientes incluídos, 112 (20,9%) foram encaminhados para quimioterapia pré-operatória. Antes da análise por escore de propensão, os grupos eram diferentes em termos de idade, nível de hemoglobina, status de node metastasis at clinical stage e extensão da gastrectomia. Após a análise, 112 pacientes foram estratificados para cada grupo. Ambos foram semelhantes para todas as variáveis atribuídas no escore. O grupo da quimioterapia pré-operatória apresentou estágios postoperative p staging (p=0,010), postoperative n staging (p<0,001) e pTNM menos avançados (p<0,001). As complicações pós-operatórias e a mortalidade em 30 e 90 dias foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Antes da análise por escore de propensão, não houve diferença na sobrevida entre os dois grupos. Após a análise, o grupo da quimioterapia pré-operatória apresentou melhor sobrevida global em comparação ao grupo da cirurgia inicial (p=0,012). As análises multivariadas demostraram que a categoria American Society of Anesthesiologists III/IV e a metástase linfonodal foram fatores significativamente associados à pior sobrevida global. CONCLUSÕES: A quimioterapia pré-operatória foi associada à maior sobrevida no câncer gástrico. Não houve diferença na taxa de complicações pós-operatórias e mortalidade em comparação com a cirurgia inicial.

13.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 36: e1744, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447008

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer is considered a fatal disease, without expectation of definitive cure. As systemic chemotherapy is not sufficient to contain the disease, a multimodal approach associating intraperitoneal chemotherapy with surgery may represent an alternative for these cases. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in stage IV gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. METHODS: This study is a single institutional single-arm prospective clinical trial phase II (NCT05541146). Patients with the following inclusion criteria undergo implantation of a peritoneal catheter for intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma; age 18-75 years; Peritoneal carcinomatosis with peritoneal cancer index<12; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0/1; good clinical status; and lab exams within normal limits. The study protocol consists of four cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with paclitaxel associated with systemic chemotherapy. After treatment, patients with peritoneal response assessed by staging laparoscopy undergo conversion gastrectomy. RESULTS: The primary outcome is the rate of complete peritoneal response. Progression-free and overall survivals are other outcomes evaluated. The study started in July 2022, and patients will be screened for inclusion until 30 are enrolled. CONCLUSIONS: Therapies for advanced gastric cancer patients have been evaluated in clinical trials but without success in patients with peritoneal metastasis. The treatment proposed in this trial can be promising, with easy catheter implantation and ambulatory intraperitoneal chemotherapy regime. Verifying the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel with systemic chemotherapy is an important progress that this study intends to investigate.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A carcinomatose peritoneal no câncer gástrico é considerada uma doença fatal, sem expectativa de cura definitiva. Como a quimioterapia sistêmica não é suficiente para conter a doença, uma abordagem multimodal associando a quimioterapia intraperitoneal à cirurgia pode representar uma alternativa para esses casos. OBJETIVOS: Investigar o papel da quimioterapia intraperitoneal em pacientes com câncer gástrico estágio IV com metástases peritoneais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico prospectivo unicêntrico, braço único, fase II (NCT05541146). Pacientes com os seguintes critérios de inclusão serão submetidos à implantação de cateter peritoneal para quimioterapia intraperitoneal: adenocarcinoma gástrico estágio IV; idade 18-75 anos; carcinomatose peritoneal com índice de câncer peritoneal<12; ECOG 0/1; bom estado clínico e exames laboratoriais dentro da normalidade. O protocolo do estudo consiste em 4 ciclos de quimioterapia intraperitoneal com Paclitaxel associado à quimioterapia sistêmica. Após o tratamento, os pacientes com resposta peritoneal avaliada por laparoscopia serão submetidos à gastrectomia de conversão. RESULTADOS: O desfecho primário é a taxa de resposta peritoneal completa. A sobrevida livre de progressão e global são outros desfechos avaliados. O estudo foi iniciado em julho de 2022 e os pacientes serão selecionados para inclusão até que 30 sejam inscritos. CONCLUSIONS: Terapias para pacientes com câncer gástrico avançado foram avaliadas em ensaios clínicos, mas sem sucesso em pacientes com metástase peritoneal. O tratamento proposto neste estudo pode ser promissor, com fácil implantação do cateter e regime de quimioterapia intraperitoneal ambulatorial. Verificar a eficácia e segurança do Paclitaxel associado à quimioterapia sistêmica é um progresso importante que o presente estudo pretende investigar.

14.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 36: eAPE00743, 2023. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1505423

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a aceitabilidade de pessoas submetidas ao cateterismo cardíaco não programado acerca de uma intervenção complexa (IC) de enfermagem para reduzir a ansiedade. Métodos Estudo qualitativo e avaliativo da aceitabilidade de 15 participantes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco acerca de uma IC de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada na unidade de emergência de um hospital de alta complexidade da cidade de São Paulo, especializado em cardiologia. Os participantes tinham diagnóstico de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda e receberam a IC, constituída por componente musical e educativo, denominada Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro a outubro de 2021, e os participantes foram submetidos à entrevista semiestruturada. As perguntas norteadoras da entrevista foram elaboradas com base em Kazdin. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Para analisar a aceitabilidade dos participantes da EMIRA, utilizou-se o aporte teórico das Representações Cotidianas. Resultados A análise da aceitabilidade em relação à EMIRA permitiu a identificação de três categorias: Intervenção complexa EMIRA: nova experiência que ajuda a entender o cateterismo cardíaco; Intervenção complexa EMIRA: uma experiência que gera satisfação; e Intervenção complexa EMIRA: uma experiência que alivia a ansiedade. Os participantes relataram sensações de calma, alívio, tranquilidade, satisfação, e recomendaram o uso da EMIRA. Conclusão A experiência dos participantes com a EMIRA foi positiva, sugerindo boa aceitabilidade da IC por pessoas aguardando a realização do cateterismo não programado na unidade de emergência.


Resumen Objetivo Analizar la aceptabilidad de una intervención compleja (IC) de enfermería para reducir la ansiedad de personas sometidas a un cateterismo cardíaco no programado. Métodos Estudio cualitativo y evaluativo de aceptabilidad de una IC de enfermería en 15 participantes sometidos a un cateterismo cardíaco. La recopilación de datos se realizó en una unidad de emergencia de un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de São Paulo, especializado en cardiología. Los participantes tenían diagnóstico de Síndrome Coronario Agudo y recibieron la IC, que tenía un componente musical y educativo, denominada Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Se recopilaron los datos en el período de septiembre a octubre de 2021, y los participantes respondieron una entrevista semiestructurada. Las preguntas orientadoras de la entrevista se elaboraron con base en Kazdin. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y se transcribieron para el análisis de contenido de Bradin. Para analizar la aceptabilidad de los participantes de la EMIRA, se utilizó el aporte teórico de las representaciones cotidianas. Resultados El análisis de aceptabilidad de la intervención EMIRA permitió identificar tres categorías: Intervención compleja EMIRA: nueva experiencia que ayuda a entender el cateterismo cardíaco, Intervención compleja EMIRA: una experiencia que genera satisfacción e Intervención compleja EMIRA: una experiencia que calma la ansiedad. Los participantes relataron sensaciones de calma, alivio, tranquilidad y satisfacción, y recomendaron el uso de la EMIRA. Conclusión La experiencia de los participantes con la intervención EMIRA fue positiva, lo que sugiere una buena aceptabilidad de la IC por parte de personas que aguardan la realización de un cateterismo no programado en la unidad de emergencia.


Abstract Objective To analyze the acceptability of people undergoing unscheduled cardiac catheterization about a complex nursing intervention (CI) to reduce anxiety. Methods This is a qualitative and evaluative study of the acceptability of 15 participants who underwent cardiac catheterization regarding a nursing CI. Data collection was carried out in the emergency unit of a highly complex hospital in the city of São Paulo, specialized in cardiology. Participants had a diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome and received the CI, consisting of a musical and educational component, called Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA). Data were collected from September to October 2021, and participants underwent a semi-structured interview. The guiding questions of the interview were elaborated based on Kazdin. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for Bardin's content analysis. To analyze EMIRA participants' participants, Representations of Everyday Life's theoretical contribution was used. Results Acceptability analysis in relation to EMIRA allowed identifying three categories: EMIRA complex intervention: new experience that helps to understand cardiac catheterization; Complex EMIRA intervention: an experience that generates satisfaction; and EMIRA complex intervention: an anxiety-relieving experience. Participants reported feelings of calm, relief, tranquility, satisfaction, and recommended using EMIRA. Conclusion Participants' experience with EMIRA was positive, suggesting good acceptability of CI by people awaiting unscheduled catheterization in the emergency unit.

15.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 42(3): 9-14, dic 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1413299

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes En Panamá, durante los primeros cinco meses de pandemia, se reportaron 65,256 casos y 1,421 fallecimientos por COVID-19. Los tratamientos utilizados en pacientes hospitalizados durante este periodo fueron variando en la medida que surgía evidencia científica. Metodología Presentamos un estudio multicéntrico observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo de la terapéutica administrada en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en siete centros estatales de la República de Panamá, entre el 1 de marzo al 31 de julio de 2020. Se analizó el resultado de recuperado o fallecido en relación al uso de hidroxicloroquina, heparinas y esteroides. Resultados Se revisaron 837 expedientes. 60.7% pacientes eran hombres y la mediana de edad fue 53.6 años. Los tratamientos más utilizados fueron heparinas 84.7%, esteroides sistémicos 76.5%, azitromicina 65.5% e hidroxicloroquina en 41.1%. La frecuencia de uso de oxigenoterapia fue de cánula nasal 73,2%, máscara facial con reservorio 39%, cánula de alto flujo 8.9%, ventilación mecánica no invasiva 11.1% y ventilación invasiva en el 15.3%. Los esteroides mostraron mayor tasa de recuperación (OR 1.72 [1.16-2.54). Conclusiones El reto de abordar una nueva enfermedad, sin tratamiento conocido, con evolución y desenlace variable, llevó a la comunidad médica a utilizar medicamentos empíricos con potencial terapéutico incierto. Destacamos que desde muy temprano se administró esteroides sistémicos, heparinas y tocilizumab; actualmente con beneficios para pacientes con requerimientos de hospitalización. Además, se empleó técnicas de oxigenación, como la cánula de alto flujo y ventilación mecánica no invasiva, con dudosa efectividad; pero que hoy ya tienen un rol estudiado en la falla respiratoria por COVID-19. (provisto por Infomedic International)


Background: In Panama, during the first five months of the pandemic, 65,256 cases and 1,421 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported. The treatments used in hospitalized patients during this period varied as scientific evidence emerged. Methodology: We present a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, multicenter study of the therapeutics administered in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in seven state centers in the Republic of Panama, between March 1 and July 31, 2020. The outcome of recovered or deceased was analyzed in relation to the use of hydroxychloroquine, heparins and steroids. Results: A total of 837 files were reviewed. 60.7% of patients were men and the median age was 53.6 years. The most commonly used treatments were heparins 84.7%, systemic steroids 76.5%, azithromycin 65.5% and hydroxychloroquine in 41.1%. The frequency of oxygen therapy use was nasal cannula 73.2%, face mask with reservoir 39%, high-flow cannula 8.9%, noninvasive mechanical ventilation 11.1% and invasive ventilation in 15.3%. Steroids showed higher recovery rate (OR 1.72 [1.16-2.54). Conclusions: The challenge of dealing with a new disease, without known treatment, with variable evolution and outcome, led the medical community to use empirical drugs with uncertain therapeutic potential. We highlight the early administration of systemic steroids, heparins and tocilizumab; currently with benefits for patients requiring hospitalization. In addition, oxygenation techniques were used, such as high-flow cannula and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, with doubtful effectiveness, but which today have a studied role in respiratory failure due to COVID-19.   (provided by Infomedic International)

16.
Radiol. bras ; 55(5): 273-279, Sept.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406525

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) in localizing epileptogenic zones, comparing 18F-FDG injection performed in the traditional interictal period with that performed near the time of a seizure. Materials and Methods: We evaluated patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The reference standards for localization of the epileptogenic zone were histopathology and follow-up examinations (in patients who underwent surgery) or serial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, long-term video EEG, and magnetic resonance imaging (in patients who did not). The 18F-FDG injection was performed whether the patient had an epileptic seizure during the EEG monitoring period or not. The 18F-FDG PET/CT results were categorized as concordant or discordant with the reference standards. Results: Of the 110 patients evaluated, 10 were in a postictal group (FDG injection after a seizure) and 100 were in the interictal group. The 18F-FDG PET/CT was concordant with the reference standards in nine (90%) of the postictal group patients and in 60 (60%) of the interictal group patients. Among the nine postictal group patients in whom the results were concordant, the 18F-FDG PET/CT showed hypermetabolism and hypometabolism in the epileptogenic zone in four (44.4%) and five (55.6%), respectively. Conclusion: Our data indicate that 18F-FDG PET/CT is a helpful tool for localization of the epileptogenic zone and that EEG monitoring is an important means of correlating the findings. In addition, postictal 18F-FDG PET/CT is able to identify the epileptogenic zone by showing either hypometabolism or hypermetabolism.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade da PET/CT FDG detectar a zona epileptogênica, com injeção da FDG realizada tanto no período interictal como perto de uma crise epiléptica. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados pacientes com epilepsia de difícil controle que realizaram PET/CT FDG. A zona epileptogênica foi definida pelo follow up/anatomopatológico ou eletroencefalogramas (EEGs) seriados, telemetria e ressonância magnética. PET/CT FDG foi realizada independentemente se o paciente tinha crise epiléptica durante a monitoração com EEG ou no período interictal. Os resultados foram definidos como concordantes ou discordantes, comparando com a zona epileptogênica. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 110 pacientes: 10 no grupo pós-ictal (injeção de FDG depois da crise) e 100 no grupo interictal. A PET/CT FDG foi concordante com a zona epileptogênica em nove pacientes do grupo pós-ictal (90%) e 60 pacientes do grupo interictal (60%). Entre os nove pacientes concordantes do grupo pós-ictal, quatro mostraram hipermetabolismo (44,4%) e cinco mostraram hipometabolismo na zona epileptogênica (55,6%). Conclusão: Nossos resultados confirmaram que a PET/CT FDG é uma ferramenta útil na localização da zona epileptogênica e a monitoração com EEG é muito importante para correlacionar os achados. Além disso, PET/CT FDG realizada no período pós-ictal é capaz de identificar a zona epileptogênica, mostrando tanto hipometabolismo como hipermetabolismo.

17.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 59(3)sept. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441573

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal comprende un conjunto de trastornos asociados a la inflamación y a la pérdida de estructuras del soporte dental de origen infeccioso multifactorial. La investigación científica expone un abanico de cepas bacterianas probióticas en el tratamiento periodontal, con propiedades en la inhibición del crecimiento de periodontopatógenos, y mejoras significativas en los parámetros clínicos, cuando se combina con el tratamiento periodontal mecánico. Objetivo: Describir el efecto de la terapia combinada entre el tratamiento periodontal mecánico tradicional y un gel probiótico multicepa, aplicado a un caso de periodontitis. Presentación de caso: Paciente femenino de 53 años de edad, procedente de la comunidad de El Portachuelo, zona rural aledaña a la ciudad de Mérida. Presentó agrandamiento gingival, enrojecimiento y dolor espontáneo en la encía palatina, con concomitantes de sangrado y exudado purulento desde hace seis meses. La realización de un examen clínico periodontal, análisis radiográfico y análisis microbiológico permitieron diagnosticar periodontitis estadio IV grado B. Se aplicó tratamiento periodontal convencional no quirúrgico en combinación con cepas probióticas de Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L acidophilus y L. plantarum, en presentación de un gel adhesivo para la aplicación supra y subgingival y en suspensión vía oral para obtener un efecto sistémico durante 45 días. Los resultados obtenidos fueron favorables con mejoramiento de los parámetros clínicos como índice de sangrado periodontal y profundidad de los sacos periodontales. Conclusiones: En concordancia con diversos estudios, se ha demostrado que la terapia probiótica puede ser usada como tratamiento coadyuvante en casos de periodontitis. Se observa una franca y rápida mejoría al utilizar terapias multicepas(AU)


Introduction: Periodontal disease comprises a set of disorders associated with inflammation and the loss of dental support structures of multifactorial infectious origin. Scientific research exposes a range of probiotic bacterial strains in periodontal treatment, with properties in inhibiting the growth of periodontal pathogens, and significant improvements in clinical parameters, when combined with mechanical periodontal treatment. Objective: Describe the effect of combined therapy between traditional mechanical periodontal treatment and a multi-strain probiotic gel, applied to a case of periodontitis. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female patient from the community El Portachuelo, a rural area next to the city of Mérida. She presented gingival enlargement, redness and spontaneous pain in the palatine gum, with concomitant bleeding and purulent exudate for six months. A clinical periodontal examination, radiographic analysis and microbiological analysis made it possible to diagnose stage IV grade B periodontitis. Conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment was applied in combination with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, in presentation of an adhesive gel for supra and subgingival application and in oral suspension to obtain a systemic effect for 45 days. The results obtained were favorable with improvement of clinical parameters such as periodontal bleeding index and depth of periodontal sacs. Conclusions: In accordance with several studies, it has been shown that probiotic therapy can be used as an adjuvant treatment in cases of periodontitis. A clear and rapid improvement is observed when using multi-strain therapies(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Periodontitis/diagnosis , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
18.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(2): 249-252, Apr.-June 2022. graf, il. color
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384675

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a rare neurological disorder. Drug toxicity is among the differential diagnoses, including the use of lithium, in which an overdosage might cause cognitive dysfunction. Clinical suspicion, laboratory confirmation, and drug interruption are key points in the management of lithium intoxication. We described a 66-year-old female patient under treatment with lithium who developed an RPD associated with parkinsonian symptoms. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) showed an "Alzheimer-like" pattern, while cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the disease were negative. There was a significant clinical and radiological improvement after lithium interruption. Lithium intoxication is a potentially reversible cause of RPD, as demonstrated in this case report. Drug discontinuation should be considered even in patients with normal levels of this metal, if cognitive impairment is detected. 18F-FDG PET/CT images may show an "Alzheimer-like" image pattern in acute intoxication and are useful for monitoring these patients.


RESUMO. Demência rapidamente progressiva é uma condição rara, cujos diagnósticos diferenciais incluem intoxicação por drogas como lítio, podendo causar importante disfunção cognitiva. A suspeita clínica, a confirmação laboratorial e a interrupção do uso medicamentoso são elementos fundamentais em seu diagnóstico e manejo. Trata-se de paciente feminina, de 66 anos de idade, que apresentou quadro demencial após intoxicação por lítio. Tal quadro foi acompanhado de sintomas parkinsonianos, além de Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons com 18F-Fluodeoxiglicose (18F-FDG PET/CT) compatível com padrão "Alzheimer-like". Houve melhora objetiva de parâmetros clínicos e imaginológicos após a interrupção do uso medicamentoso. A intoxicação por lítio é uma causa potencialmente reversível de demência rapidamente progressiva. A descontinuação da droga deve ser considerada também em pacientes com níveis normais do metal no sangue se alterações cognitivas forem encontradas. Imagens 18F-FDG PET/CT podem demonstrar achados sugestivos de doença de Alzheimer na intoxicação aguda e parecem ser um método útil no seguimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Poisoning , Dementia , Lithium
19.
Rev. Finlay ; 12(2): 221-227, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406843

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: en estadios avanzados del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas el tratamiento se basa fundamentalmente en la poliquimioterapia. Estudios previos relacionan el desarrollo de resistencia al cisplatino con el aumento de los niveles del glutatión celular, mientras que, la depleción de este tripéptido se ha asociado con una mayor sensibilidad a este fármaco. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la poliquimioterapia con cisplatino y vinblastina en los niveles intracelulares de glutatión y en el estado redox celular en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en estadios avanzados. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en el que se incluyeron 38 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas en estadios IIIb-IV, que concluyeron el esquema de tratamiento con cisplatino y vinblastina y 25 individuos aparentemente sanos como grupo control en el período correspondiente al período de mayo del 2016 a mayo del 2018 en el Hospital Neumológico Benéfico Jurídico de la Habana. Las concentraciones intraeritrocitarias del glutatión reducido y oxidado fueron determinadas mediante un método de HPLC-UV. El estado redox celular se calculó mediante la ecuación de Nerst. Los resultados se expresaron como medias y desviación estándar. Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica U-Mann Whitney para la comparación de las medias aritméticas de las variables de respuesta. Resultados: después del tratamiento se apreció una disminución de las concentraciones de glutatión reducido (920 µM vs. 1252 µM; p=0,036) así como, cambios en el estado redox celular (-338,4 mV vs. -353,2 mV; p=0,029) en contraste con los controles. Conclusiones: la quimioterapia combinada con cisplatino induce una disminución de los niveles glutatión reducido y cambios en el estado redox celular. Estos efectos pueden contribuir a una mayor supervivencia en los pacientes que responden al tratamiento.


ABSTRACT Background: in advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer, treatment is fundamentally based on polychemotherapy. Previous studies relate the development of resistance to cisplatin with increased levels of cellular glutathione, while depletion of this tripeptide has been associated with greater sensitivity to this drug. Objective: to evaluate the effect of polychemotherapy with cisplatin and vinblastine on intracellular glutathione levels and cellular redox status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in advanced stages. Methods: a case-control study was carried out that included 38 patients with non-small cell lung cancer in stages IIIb-IV, who completed the treatment scheme with cisplatin and vinblastine, and 25 apparently healthy individuals as a control group from May 2016 to May 2018 at the Benéfico Jurídico Pneumological Hospital in Havana. The intraerythrocyte concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione were determined by an HPLC-UV method. The cellular redox state was calculated using the Nerst equation. The results were expressed as means and standard deviation. The non-parametric U-Mann Whitney test was used to compare the arithmetic means of the response variables. Results: after treatment, a decrease in reduced glutathione concentrations (920 µM vs. 1252 µM; p=0.036) was observed, as well as changes in the cellular redox state (-338.4 mV vs.-53.2 mV; p=0.029) in contrast to controls. Conclusions: chemotherapy combined with cisplatin induces a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and changes in the cellular redox state. These effects may contribute to increased survival in patients who respond to treatment.

20.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 45(2): 138-141, abr.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395030

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores pulmonares congénitos son patologías poco frecuentes; asimismo, cuando requieren intervención quirúrgica, el médico anestesiólogo se enfrenta a un reto en el manejo de estos pacientes. Presentación del caso: En este artículo describimos el caso y el manejo anestésico de un recién nacido de 37.5 semanas de gestación (SDG) y 26 días de vida extrauterina, programado para toracotomía posterolateral izquierda más lobectomía inferior izquierda y colocación de catéter venoso central bajo anestesia combinada (anestesia general balanceada más bloqueo caudal con bupivacaína y morfina). Conclusiones: Las consideraciones anestésicas para los procedimientos quirúrgicos en neonatos y/o pacientes pediátricos se convierten en un reto para el anestesiólogo, debido a la inmadurez de algunos de los sistemas, se considera que la técnica anestésica idónea para el adecuado manejo de los pacientes neonatales sigue siendo la técnica combinada. El anestesiólogo debe mantener en mente dicha técnica así como los eventos y/o efectos secundarios que se puedan derivar de la misma y de este modo instaurar de manera oportuna el tratamiento pertinente.


Abstract: Introduction: Congenital lung tumors are rare pathologies, likewise when surgical intervention is required, the anesthesiologist faces a challenge in the anesthetic management of these patients. Presentation of the case: The following article describes the case of a 26-day-old newborn child scheduled for left posterolateral thoracotomy plus lower left lobectomy and central venous catheter placement under combined anesthesia (balanced general anesthesia plus caudal block with bupivacaine and morphine). Conclusions: Anesthetic considerations for surgical procedures in neonates and/or pediatric patients become a challenge for the anesthesiologist, due to the immaturity of some of the systems, thus considering that the ideal anesthetic technique for the proper management of in neonatal patients, the combined technique continues, with epidural blocks for the management of peri- and postoperative pain. The anesthesiologist must keep in mind this technique as well as the events and/or side effects that may derive from it, thus establishing the pertinent treatment in a timely manner.

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