Familiares em visita ampliada e social na terapia intensiva: existem diferenças no nível de conforto? / Family members undergoing extended and social visits in intensive care: are there differences in comfort level?

Analisar comparativamente o nível de conforto de familiares que participaram da visita ampliada e da visita social em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 57 familiares dos sujeitos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, entre 2019 e 2020. O conforto foi avaliado pela Escala de Conforto para Familiares de Pessoas em Estado Crítico de Saúde. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e a análise bivariada pelo teste de T Student. O nível de significância estatística foi de 5%. Resultados: Os familiares inclusos na visita ampliada dispõem de um nível de conforto (4,00 ±0,53) maior que os da visita social (3,57 ±0,51), com (p=0,004). Observa-se melhor comunicação entre a equipe e os familiares da visita ampliada e um maior conhecimento por parte desses sobre o quadro de saúde do enfermo. Conclusão: A visita ampliada tem proporcionado maior nível de conforto nos familiares quando comparadas com a visita social.(AU)

To comparatively analyze the comfort level of family members who participated in the extended visit and the social visit in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 57 family members of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 2019 and 2020. Comfort was assessed using the Comfort Scale for Relatives of People in a Critical Health Condition. Data was analyzed descriptively and bivariate analysis using the Student's t-test. The level of statistical significance was 5%. Results: Family members included in the extended visit have a higher level of comfort (4.00 ±0.53) than those in the social visit (3.57 ±0.51), with (p=0.004). There was better communication between the team and the relatives during the extended visit and greater knowledge on the part of the latter about the patient's health condition. Conclusion: The extended visit has provided a greater level of comfort for family members when compared to the social visit.(AU)

Analizar comparativamente el nivel de confort de los familiares que participaron en la visita prolongada y la visita social en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 57 familiares de pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos entre 2019 y 2020. Se evaluó el confort mediante la Escala de Confort para Familiares de Personas en Estado Crítico de Salud. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva y análisis bivariante mediante la prueba t de Student. El nivel de significación estadística fue del 5%. Resultados: Los familiares incluidos en la visita ampliada tienen un mayor nivel de confort (4,00 ±0,53) que los de la visita social (3,57 ±0,51), con (p=0,004). Hubo mejor comunicación entre el equipo y los familiares durante la visita ampliada y mayor conocimiento por parte de estos últimos sobre el estado de salud del paciente. Conclusiones: La visita ampliada ha proporcionado un mayor nivel de confort a los familiares en comparación con la visita social.(AU)

Hemodynamic Responses to Recorded Maternal Voice Among Sedated Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To assess the effect of maternal audiotaped voice on clinical parameters of sedated children. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 25 sedated critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. An audiotaped maternal voice was played to the children in the experimental group (n=13) via a headphone for 15 minutes, twice a day for 3 days. Children in the control group (n=12) received routine care without any additional auditory stimulation. Clinical and hemodynamic variables were recorded at 5 minutes interval three times. Results: Significant changes were observed in the mean (SD) heart rate (per minute) at 10 minutes [129.83 (19.14) vs 124.29 (14.90), P=0.051], respiratory rate at 5 minutes [44.38 (17.79) vs 34.65 (7.64), P=<0.001] and 10 minutes [42.79 (13.89) vs 35.44 (7.65) P=<0.001], systolic blood pressure at 5 minutes [95.24 (15.01) vs 101.02 (19.83) P=0.045], and mean blood pressure at 15 minutes [68.66 (13.61) vs 73.61 (17.59) P=0.051] mmHg between the experimental and the control group, respectively. Conclusion: Listening to recorded maternal voice had a positive effect on clinical parameters of sedated critically ill children.

O conforto em oncologia: significados para a enfermagem e pacientes em tratamento oncológico / Comfort in oncology: meanings for nursing and patients undergoing cancer treatment / Confort en oncología: significados para enfermería y pacientes en tratamiento oncológico

Objetivo: analisar o conforto enquanto componente do cuidado de Enfermagem com base em conceitos teóricos disponíveis na literatura científica de enfermagem, relatos de pacientes em tratamento oncológico e profissionais de Enfermagem. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com pacientes internados e profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem de uma unidade de internação oncológica de um hospital filantrópico em Salvador. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2020, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e, a análise dos mesmos realizada através da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: O conforto foi conceituado pelos participantes como bem-estar, acolhimento e atendimento às necessidades humanas básicas, sendo resultado do cuidado de Enfermagem numa perspectiva holística. Conclusão: Dentre as necessidades humanas básicas, a de conforto, muitas vezes comprometida no processo terapêutico, deve receber a devida atenção por parte da Enfermagem. Logo, é essencial identificar os desconfortos trazidos pelo adoecimento e manifestos pelos pacientes, buscando estratégias de cuidados para restabelecer a condição de conforto, bem como buscar manter o conforto existente. (AU)

Objective: to analyze comfort as a component of nursing care based on theoretical concepts available in the scientific nursing literature, reports of patients undergoing cancer treatment and nursing professionals. Methods: Descriptive and exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed with hospitalized patients and professionals from the nursing staff of an oncology inpatient unit of a philanthropic hospital in Salvador. Data collection took place in November and December 2020, through semi-structured interviews, and their analysis was performed using Bardin's content analysis technique. Results: Comfort was conceptualized by the participants as well-being, welcoming and meeting basic human needs, resulting from nursing care in a holistic perspective. Conclusion: Among the basic human needs, comfort, often compromised in the therapeutic process, should receive due attention from Nursing. Therefore, it is essential to identify the discomforts caused by the illness and manifested by patients, seeking care strategies to reestablish the condition of comfort, as well as seeking to maintain the existing comfort. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar la comodidad como componente del cuidado de enfermería a partir de conceptos teóricos disponibles en la literatura científica de enfermería, relatos de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico y profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollada con pacientes hospitalizados y profesionales del personal de enfermería de una unidad de internación de oncología de un hospital filantrópico de Salvador. La recolección de datos se realizó en noviembre y diciembre de 2020, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, y su análisis se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: La comodidad fue conceptualizada por los participantes como bienestar, acogida y satisfacción de las necesidades humanas básicas, resultado del cuidado de enfermería en una perspectiva holística. Conclusión: Entre las necesidades humanas básicas, la comodidad, muchas veces comprometida en el proceso terapéutico, debe recibir la debida atención por parte de Enfermería. Por tanto, es fundamental identificar los malestares provocados por la enfermedad y manifestados por los pacientes, buscando estrategias de atención para restablecer la condición de confort, así como buscando mantener el confort existente. (AU)

Construction and validation of an instrument to assess the comfort of adolescents undergoing chemotherapy / Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el confort de adolescentes en quimioterapia / Construção e validação de um instrumento para avaliação do conforto de adolescentes em tratamento quimioterápico

ABSTRACT Objective: To build and validate a self-report instrument to assess the comfort of adolescents with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This methodological study was developed in five stages: scoping review; qualitative study to characterize comfort from the perspective of adolescents with cancer undergoing chemotherapy; instrument construction; instrument content validation by experts; pre-test with a group of adolescents. Results: In the scoping review, 20 comfort changes were identified; regarding the perspective of comfort for adolescents, it was possible to identify the effects on their daily lives and the impact on chemotherapy; in content validation, the index was 0.96 and Cronbach's Alpha 0.87. In the pre-test, the instrument obtained the final version with 37 items and Cronbach's Alpha 0.94. Conclusions: The constructed and validated self-report instrument showed good reliability related to satisfactory psychometric parameters and can be used by nurses in clinical practice to assess and evidence comfort changes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar el confort de adolescentes con cáncer en quimioterapia. Métodos: Estudio metodológico desarrollado en cinco etapas: revisión de alcance; estudio cualitativo para caracterizar el confort en la perspectiva de adolescentes con cáncer en quimioterapia; construcción de instrumentos; validación del contenido del instrumento por expertos; prueba previa con un grupo de adolescentes. Resultados: En la revisión del alcance, se identificaron 20 cambios en la comodidad; en cuanto a la perspectiva de la comodidad de los adolescentes, fue posible identificar los efectos en su vida cotidiana y el impacto en el tratamiento de quimioterapia; en la validación de contenido el índice fue de 0,96 y el Alfa de Cronbach de 0,87. En el pretest, el instrumento obtuvo la versión final con 37 ítems y Alpha de Cronbach 0,94. Conclusiones: El instrumento de autoinforme construido y validado mostró buena confiabilidad relacionada con parámetros psicométricos satisfactorios, y puede ser utilizado por enfermeros en la práctica clínica para evaluar el confort y evidenciar modificaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar um instrumento de autorrelato para avaliação do conforto de adolescentes com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico. Métodos: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em cinco etapas: revisão de escopo; estudo qualitativo para caracterização do conforto na perspectiva do adolescente com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico; construção do instrumento; validação de conteúdo do instrumento por experts; pré-teste com grupo de adolescentes. Resultados: Na revisão de escopo, identificaram-se 20 alterações de conforto; quanto à perspectiva do conforto para o adolescente, foi possível identificar os efeitos em seu cotidiano e o impacto no tratamento quimioterápico; na validação de conteúdo, o índice foi de 0,96 e Alfa de Cronbach 0,87. No pré-teste, o instrumento obteve a versão final com 37 itens e Alfa de Cronbach 0,94. Conclusões: O instrumento de autorrelato construído e validado apresentou boa confiabilidade relacionado aos parâmetros psicométricos satisfatórios, podendo ser utilizado pelo enfermeiro na prática clínica, para avaliação do conforto e evidenciar alterações.

Numerical simulation of effect of vegetation configuration on human thermal comfort / 环境与职业医学

Background The urban heat island effect has a significant negative impact on human health. Urban green space can effectively improve the urban thermal environment while enhancing human thermal comfort. Objective To investigate the effects of vegetation configuration structure on temperature and humidity and on human thermal comfort, with a view to providing reference for the landscape planning of urban reserve, preventing and reducing the impact of urban heat island effect on the health of urban residents. Methods The study was carried out on a typical clear and cloudless summer day without extreme weather in a university reserve area in Hefei. The numerical simulation accuracy of ENVI-met software was verified by measured data. Based on the quantitative definition of vegetation configuration structure scheme from vertical and horizontal perspectives, nine simulation scenarios were established based on three aspects including vegetation configuration type (grass, shrub + grass, tree + grass, tree + shrub + grass), planting layout (column planting, uniform spot planting), and planting density [the aspect ratio of trees (ART) between plants was 0.75, 1.13, 1.50, and 2.25, respectively] to quantitatively evaluate the cooling and humidifying effects and human thermal comfort [physiological equivalent temperature (PET)] of the vegetation configurations. Results The change trends of the cooling and humidifying effects of all the simulated scenarios were consistent, basically first increasing and then decreasing. Among all the simulated scenarios, the cooling and humidifying effects of scenario 8 (tree + grass, ART=2.25, uniform spot planting) were the best, with the greatest cooling of 1.36 ℃ and humidification of 6.29% in comparison to the worst scenario 1 in the reserve area. The human thermal comfort of scenario 9 (tree + shrub + grass, ART=2.25, uniform spot planting) was the best, with the PET of 35.37 ℃. The order of improvement effect of different vegetation configurations on thermal comfort from strong to weak was tree + shrub + grass structure (scenario 9) > tree + grass structure (scenario 8) > shrub + grass structure (scenario 2) > grass structure (scenario 1). At 15:00, the PET value of tree + shrub + grass structure (scenario 9) decreased by 7.44 ℃ in comparison to that of grass structure (scenario 1). The higher the planting density among trees, the higher the difference in temperature and relative humidity between the simulated and the original scenarios. In case of holding the same amount of greenery, uniform spot planting showed better human comfort when the vegetation was planted sparsely, but the difference between the PET value of scenario 3 (tree + grass, ART=0.75, uniform spot planting) and scenario 5 (tree + grass, ART=1.5, column planting) was only 0.15 ℃; when the vegetation was planted densely, column planting was more favorable to wind circulation and more effective in reducing the temperature of the site, with a lower PET value of 0.87 ℃ for scenario 7 (tree + grass, ART=2.25, column planting) than for scenario 4 (tree + grass, ART=1.13, uniform spot planting). Conclusion Urban green space has obvious cooling and humidifying effects in summer. The human comfort of tree + shrub + grass structure with uniform spot planting is optimal, and the cooling and humidifying effects of tree + grass structure with uniform spot planting are the most obvious. The optimization of vegetation configuration structure is crucial for reducing urban heat island, improving human thermal comfort, and promoting residents’ health.

Application of blood/fluid warmer during plateletpheresis in winter and its nursing / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the safety, effectiveness and nursing of blood/fluid warmer during the process of plateletpheresis in winter. 【Methods】 The blood re-transfusion speed during plateletpheresis in winter and the time of blood passing through the blood return pipeline was counted. The vitro blood was heated with a blood/fluid warmer under different temperature settings, and the rising speed of blood temperature was recorded. The blood samples were tested for blood routine examination, free Hb and erythrocyte morphology at 0, 15 and 30 minutes. In the process of plateletpheresis in winter, the blood donors′ ear temperature and the skin temperature near the reinfusion needle in the observation group and the controls were measured, and the blood donors were observed for shivering, arm chills, pain or other discomfort. After the blood donation, the thermal comfort was evaluated. 【Results】 There was no difference in the results of routine blood test and plasma free Hb test of vitro blood after warming at 41℃, 42℃ and 43℃ for 0, 15 and 30 minutes (P>0.05), and no change in erythrocyte morphology was found. The skin temperature near the reinfusion needle (before vs. after the start of phlebotomy) was statistically different by applying blood/fluid warmer or not(P0.05). The vitro blood heating experiment showed that when the room temperature was within 22~24℃, the blood retransfusion speed was (100-120) mL/min; after the application of blood/fluid warmer, the temperature of reinfusion blood could be raised from 27℃ to 33~37℃. The proportion of feeling comfortable and very comfortable and the score of thermal comfort in the blood donors who used the warmer were higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). When the temperature of the warmer was set above 38℃, the average score of thermal comfort of blood donors was above 8. 【Conclusion】 It is safe to apply the blood/fluid warmer during the plateletsapheresis in winter, which can significantly improve the comfort of blood donors and reflect the humanized service of blood stations, and is worth popularizing.

Analysis of visual quality after LENTIS Comfort Toric intraocular lens implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the visual quality of LENTIS Comfort Toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery.METHODS: A retrospective controlled clinical study was conducted on 40 patients(40 eyes)who received phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation assisted by digital navigation, with LENTIS Comfort Toric(MF15T)implanted in group A(24 eyes)and monofocal Toric intraocular lens implanted in group B(16 eyes). The visual acuity at different distances, the postoperative astigmatism center of mass value, the lens loss rate, the change of defocus curve and the stability of intraocular lens were observed at 3mo after surgery.RESULTS: There were no serious complications in both groups, and there was no significant difference in distance vision between group A and group B at 3mo after surgery(P&#x003E;0.05); the visual acuity and near vision in group A were significantly better than those in group B(P&#x003C;0.01); the postoperative lens loss rate in group A was 99%, and it was 45% in group B(P&#x003C;0.05); the value of astigmatism center of mass in 3mo after surgery was improved compared with that before surgery, and there was no significant difference between groups(P&#x003E;0.05); the defocus curve of group A peaked at +0.50 and -1.75D at 3mo after surgery, forming plateau and gently declining, while group B showed a steep decline after peaks at +0.25 and -0.25D. One eye(4%)in group A had the axial rotation of intraocular lens greater than 10° at 1d after surgery; In group B, 6 eyes(38%)had axial rotation of intraocular lenses greater than 10°, 2 eyes(33%)rotated clockwise, and 4 eyes(67%)rotated counterclockwise. No intraocular lens displacement occurred in either group.CONCLUSION: Both kinds of intraocular lenses can correct astigmatism, among which LENTIS Comfort Toric intraocular lens can provide personalized choices for people with cataract and astigmatism, solve astigmatism and obtain full visual acuity at the same time, with low incidence of postoperative optical interference, better stability, high visual quality and satisfaction.

Study on the application and effect of adjustable mirabilite external vest in severe acute pancreatitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of homemade adjustable mirabilite vest in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and supply reference for clinical nursing.Methods:This was a randomized controlled study. One hundred patients with acute severe pancreatitis admitted to Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected, and were divided into the pocket group and the vest group according to the order of admission with 50 cases in each group. The pocket group used traditional mirabilite bag for external application, the vest group used adjustable mirabilite vest for external application. The other treatment measures were the same for both two group. The comfort degree, itching severity and average length of hospital stay of these two groups were compared.Results:The basic data of the two groups were homogeneous. The difference were not statistically significant( P>0.05). After intervention, the comfort degree of the pocket group was (65.90 ± 7.95) points while the comfort degree of the vest group was (77.04 ± 5.96) points. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 7.93, P<0.01). The degree of pruritus was (12.72 ± 3.95) points in the pocket group and (8.00 ± 1.20) points in the vest group.The difference was statistically significant ( t = 8.08, P<0.05). The mean length of hospital stay in the pocket group was (15.86 ± 5.83) days and (11.02 ± 3.38) days in the vest group. The difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.08, P<0.01). Conclusions:When using topical mirabilite for patients with acute severe pancreatitis, the use of adjustable mirabilite vest can significantly improve patients′ comfort, reduce itching, and reduce the number of hospital days, which has the value of promotion and use.

Applications of different flow rates of humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on ICU patients with difficult weaning / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of different initial flow rates of humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on weaning outcomes and comfort level among ICU patients with difficult weaning.Methods:A total of 99 ICU patients with difficult weaning received at Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital ICU from June 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled in the present study, they were assigned to 40 L/min group, 50 L/min group and 60 L/min group according to the random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. The weaning outcomes among three groups were compared, the degree of dryness of oral/nasal cavity, throat pain as well as vital signs and blood gas indexes were also compared before extubation and 30 min after the first humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) oxygen therapy.Results:There was no significant difference in length of stay in ICU and hospital, re-intubation within 7 days, the mortality within 28 days in ICU and the hospital among three groups ( P>0.05). The weaning success rate were 78.8% (24/33) and 77.4% (23/31) in 50 L/min group and 60 L/min, higher than in the 40 L/min group 53.1% (17/32), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.78, 4.09, both P<0.05). After oxygen therapy, the scores of dryness of oral/nasal cavity and throat pain in the 40 L/min group, 50 L/min group and 60 L/min group were (3.16 ± 0.77), (2.94 ± 0.80) and (3.27 ± 0.92), (3.09 ± 0.77), and (4.10 ± 1.01), (3.97 ± 1.40), the differences were statistically significant ( F=5.21, 9.26, both P<0.05), and the differences between 50 L/min group and 40 L/min group and 60 L/min group were statistically significant ( t values were 2.62-3.99, all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in vital signs and blood gas indexes among the three groups before extubation and after oxygen therapy ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for the ICU patients with difficult weaning, oxygen flow with 50L/min can not only effectively promote weaning success rate but also improve patients′ respiratory comfort level.

Application of hemostatic bandage in wound management after transradial coronary angiography and/or interventional therapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of hemostatic bandage on wound safety and comfort after transradial coronary angiography and/or interventional therapy.Methods:This was a experimental study. A total of 400 consecutive patients who underwent transradial coronary angiography and/or interventional therapy in the Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital from July to October 2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into the hemostatic bandage group and the hemostatic balloon compressor group by the envelope method with 200 cases in each group. The hemostatic bandage group and the hemostatic balloon compressor group were treated with hemostatic bandage and hemostatic balloon compressor as transradial artery hemostatic device, respectively, to observe and compare postoperative hemostatic effect, hemostat use time, complication rate, postoperative pain, the degree of numbness in the finger on the operated side and wristband comfort between the two groups.Results:The hemostatic success rate was 98.5% (197/200) and 99.0% (198/200) in the hemostatic bandage and the hemostatic balloon compressor group, respectively, with no statistical difference ( χ2=0.20, P>0.05). The hemostat use time in the hemostatic bandage group and the hemostatic balloon compressor group was (6.23 ± 0.47) h and (17.01 ± 7.74) h, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-19.66, P<0.01). The incidence of complications in the hemostatic bandage group and the hemostatic balloon compressor group was 13.5%(27/200) and 29.5%(59/200), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.01, P<0.05). Among the complications, swelling occurred in 21 individuals of the hemostatic bandage group and 54 individuals of the hemostatic balloon compressor group with statistically significant differences ( U=16 689.50, P<0.01). Besides, the hemostatic bandage group was significantly better than the hemostatic balloon compressor group with statistically significant differences in wound pain at immediate postoperative ( U=13 669.50, P<0.01), in finger numbness at immediate postoperative and 1-hour postoperative (immediate postoperative: U=17 838.00, P<0.05; 1-hour postoperative: U=13 342.50, P<0.01), in comfort at immediate postoperative, 4-hours, 8-hours and 12-hour postoperative(immediate postoperative: U=9 966.50, P<0.01; 4-hour postoperative: U=12 851, P<0.01; 8-hour postoperative: U=14 900, P<0.01; 12-hour postoperative: U=15 920, P<0.01). Conclusions:The hemostatic bandage shows better hemostatic effect, shorter compression time, lower complication rate, less wound pain, less numbness of the finger on the operation side, and higher comfort of the wrist band compared to hemostatic balloon compressor after transradial coronary angiography and/or interventional therapy, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Observation on the effect of power PICC with two different external lengths in catheterization of patients with hematologic diseases / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of power PICC with two different external lengths in patients with hematologic diseases.Methods:From August 2020 to August 2021, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 233 cases of hematologic diseases who received power PICC catheterization in Department of Hematology, the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the patients were divided into 0-1 cm group (132 cases) and 2-4 cm group (101 cases) according to the external lengths after catheter insertion. The incidence of related complications and patient comfort at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days and 14 days after catheterization were compared between the two groups.Results:At 24 hours and 72 hours after catheterization, the incidence of bleeding at puncture point in 0-1 cm group was 14.39%(19/132) and 9.85%(13/132), in 2-4 cm group was 30.69%(31/101) and 32.67%(33/101), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.02, 14.16, both P<0.05). The rate of redness and swelling of punture point at 7 days after catheterization was 9.09%(12/132) and 40.59%(41/101) in the two groups, with statistical significance ( χ2=32.32, P<0.05). The rates of slightly prolapse at 7 and 14 days after catheterization were 18.18% (24/132) and 18.94%(25/132) in 0-1 cm group, 59.41% (60/101) and 67.33%(68/101) in 2-4 cm group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=42.18, 55.86, both P<0.05). In the observation of comfort at 14 days after catheterization, the comfort score of patients in the 0-1 cm group was significantly higher than that in the 2-4 cm group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=7.34, P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients with hematologic diseases can reduce the risk of bleeding and slightly prolapse, and improve the comfort of patients when the external lengths is 0-1 cm of power PICC, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion. The catheterizer should adopt accurate in appropriate measurement method to determine the best lengths of the catheters.

Clinical study on the improvement of intestinal comfort in children after eating yoghurt containing two kinds of Bifidobacteria / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To observe the role of yogurt containing 2 type of Bifidobacterias in improving the intestinal comfort in children. Methods:A 4-week, single-arm, non-randomized study was conducted from October 23, 2021 to November 21, 2021, in which, healthy children aged 3-6 years in real life were provided with commercially available children′s yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496.The questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms in children and the Patient-Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) index were used to evaluate the intestinal comfort and skin sensitivity changes at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 4, respectively. Kruskal- Wallis rank sum test was used for comparison at different time points. Results:A total of 39 children, involving 20 boys and 19 girls with the median age of 5.0 years completed the study.There were significant differences in intestinal comfort score and PO-SCORAD scores, distribution of stool consistency and night awakening frequency at different time points (baseline, week 1, week 2 and week 4) (all P<0.05). The total score of intestinal comfort at week 2 and 4 was 12.0 (10.0, 13.0) points and 10.0 (9.0, 10.0) points, which was significantly lower than that at baseline[17.0 (15.0, 21.0) points, P<0.05]. The total score of intestinal comfort at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1[13.0 (11.0, 15.0)points] and week 2 (all P<0.05). At week 4, all children had an ideal stool consistency (type 3-4). At week 4, 33 (84.6%) of the children woke up 0 times, and 6 (15.4%) of the children woke up once or twice.The PO-SCORAD scores at week 1, 2 and 4 were 10.2 (6.5, 14.7) points, 8.2 (5.5, 14.2) points and 5.5 (4.5, 9.0) points, respectively, which were all significantly lower than that at baseline[18.3 (11.6, 25.3) points, all P<0.05]. The total PO-SCORAD score at week 4 was significantly lower than that at week 1 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:After eating yoghurt supplemented with Bifidobacteriumlactis BL-99 and Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496 for 4 weeks, the children′s intestinal comfort and stool consistency, night awakening and skin sensitivity are improved.

Progress of research on evaluation indicators and standards about high-speed train comfort / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

The rapid development of high-speed railway in China has proposed higher requests for the comfort level of high-speed trains. However, there is no internationally unified evaluation criterion for high-speed train comfort currently, which therefore substantially affects the comparability and standardization of research results for high-speed train comfort. This paper systematically reviews the research literature about evaluation indicators and standards related to high-speed train comfort, and finds that there is currently no unified definition, evaluation indicators, as well as evaluation criterion for high-speed train comfort. Most current evaluation criteria are based on a single indicator. Some indicators are simultaneously developed by different apartments and differ between each other, and there is no comprehensive indicator or criteria for high-speed train comfort, restricting the comparison of high-speed train comfort across regions. It is recommended that the administrative department of high-speed railroad in China should organize experts to establish a unified definition of high-speed train comfort, comprehensive evaluation indicators and relevant judgment criteria for high-speed train comfort, in face of the rapid development and globalization of high-speed trains.

Evaluation of thermal environment and human thermal comfort in 8 types of public places from 2019 to 2021 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the thermal environment of different types of public places and the thermal comfort of employees, so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of microclimate standards and health supervision requirements. Methods: From June 2019 to December 2021, 50 public places (178 times) of 8 categories in Wuxi were selected, including hotels, swimming pools (gymnasiums), bathing places, shopping malls (supermarkets), barber shops, beauty shops, waiting rooms (bus station) and gyms. In summer and winter, microclimate indicators such as temperature and wind speed were measured in all kinds of places, combined with the work attire and physical activity of employees in the places. Fanger thermal comfort equation and center for the built environment (CBE) thermal comfort calculation tool were used to evaluate the predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) and standard effective temperature (SET) according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 55-2020. The modification effects of seasonal and temperature control conditions on thermal comfort were analyzed. The consistency of GB 37488-2019 "Hygienic Indicators and Limits in Public Places" and ASHRAE 55-2020 evaluation results on thermal environment was compared. Results: The thermal sensation of hotel, barber shop staff and the gym front-desk staff were moderate, while the thermal sensation of swimming place lifeguard, bathing place cleaning staff and gym trainer were slightly warm in summer and winter. Waiting room (bus station) cleaning and working staff, shopping mall staff felt slightly warm in summer and moderate in winter. Service staff in bathing places felt slightly warm in winter, while staff in beauty salons felt slightly cool in winter. The thermal comfort compliance of hotel cleaning staff and shopping mall staff in summer was lower than that in winter (χ(2)=7.01, 7.22, P=0.008, 0.007). The thermal comfort compliance of shopping mall staff in the condition of air conditioning off was higher than that in the condition of air conditioning on (χ(2)=7.01, P=0.008). The SET values of front-desk staff in hotels with different health supervision levels were significantly different (F=3.30, P=0.024). The PPD value and SET value of the front-desk staff, and the PPD value of cleaning staff of hotels above three stars were lower than those of hotels below three stars (P<0.05). The thermal comfort compliance of front-desk staff and cleaning staff in hotels above three stars was higher than that in hotels below three stars (χ(2)=8.33, 8.09, P=0.016, 0.018). The consistency of the two criteria was highest among waiting room (bus station) staff (100.0%, 1/1) and lowest among gym front-desk staff (0%, 0/2) and waiting room (bus station) cleaning staff (0%, 0/1) . Conclusion: There are different degrees of thermal discomfort in different seasons, under the condition of air conditioning and health supervision, and the microclimate indicators can not fully reflect the thermal comfort of human body. The health supervision of microclimate should be strengthened, the applicability of health standard limit value should be evaluated in many aspects, and the thermal comfort of occupational group should be improved.

Research on performance optimization method of human-machine physical interaction system considering exoskeleton wearing comfort / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to improve the wearing comfort and bearing effectiveness of the exoskeleton, based on the prototype and working mechanism analysis of a relaxation wearable system for knee exoskeleton robot, the static optimization synthesis and its method are studied. Firstly, based on the construction of the virtual prototype model of the system, a comprehensive wearable comfort evaluation index considering the factors such as stress, deformation and the proportion of stress nodes was constructed. Secondly, based on the static simulation and evaluation index of system virtual prototype, multi-objective genetic optimization and local optimization synthesis of armor layer topology were carried out. Finally, the model reconstruction simulation data confirmed that the system had good wearing comfort. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the bearing performance and prototype construction of the subsequent wearable system.

Discussion on "sugar needle - comfortable acupuncture and moxibustion" / 中国针灸

The cases of feeling comfort during acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in literature were summarized and its biological basis was explored. A simple classification of comfort was made, and the importance of obtaining comfort in acupuncture treatment was pointed out. Considering the pursuit of less pain and harmlessness in modern clinical treatment, sugar needle should be advocated and popularized in current clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Effect of comfort theory-based nursing care on pain and comfort in women undergoing hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the effect of comfort theory-based nursing care on pain and comfort in women undergoing hysterosalpingography. METHODS: This randomized control trial was conducted on 126 women (42 in each intervention and control group). Virtual reality glasses group (n=42), mobile-assisted education group (n=42), and control group (n=42). The control group received only routine care. Comfort levels were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study using the General Comfort Scale and pain levels evaluated at the beginning and end of the study using the Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: The comfort theory-based nursing care (virtual reality glasses and mobile-assisted education group) was effective in increasing women's comfort with painful invasive procedures such as hysterosalpingography and reducing pain. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that a nurse be present in the hysterosalpingography process, providing nursing care services continuously and introducing this program to working nurses. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT04676932.

O Papel da Enfermagem em Cuidados Paliativos com Pacientes Oncológico em Estado Terminal: Revisão de Literatura / The Role of Nursing in Palliative Care with Oncology Patients in Terminal State: Literature Review / El Rol de la Enfermería en los Cuidados Paliativos con Pacientes Oncológicos en Estado Terminal: Revisión de la Literatura

Objetivo: identificar o papel da enfermagem em Cuidados Paliativos aos pacientes oncológicos em estado terminal, com base na literatura recente. Método: A revisão integrativa realizada neste trabalho visou efetuar uma análise do tema de interesse para a área de enfermagem. A partir das bases de dados da SciELO, LILACS e BVS. A busca foi realizada entre setembro de 2021 e maio de 2022, sendo selecionados os artigos disponíveis na íntegra, em português e formato original, o ano de publicação compreende os anos de 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Apontam os sentimentos vividos pela equipe de enfermagem e multidisciplinar bem como as dificuldades enfrentadas por esses profissionais, e a deficiência na formação desses profissionais além dos sentimentos envolvidos tanto na família como nos profissionais e como lidam com a terminalidade. Conclusão: Existe a necessidade de uma visão mais ampla sobre Cuidados Paliativos com início ainda na graduação até as atividades desenvolvidas nos Cuidados Paliativos, a sobrecarga de trabalho enfreada por esses profissionais, e o aspecto psicológico devido ao sentimento experimentado por eles no processo de morte.

Objective: to identify the role of nursing in palliative care for terminally ill cancer patients based on recent literature. Method: an integrative review carried out in this work aimed at an analysis of the topic of interest in the nursing area. From the SciELO, LILACS and BVS databases. The study was carried out between September 2021 and May 2022, with the selection of articles available in full, in Portuguese and in original format, the year of publication comprises the years of search from 2014 to 2021. Results: They point out the feelings experienced by the nursing team and multidisciplinary, as well as difficulties faced by these professionals, and deficient in the training of these professionals in addition to feelings involved both in the family and in the professionals and how they deal with terminality. Conclusion: There is a need for a broader view of Palliative Care starting at graduation until the activities developed in Palliative Care, the overload of work enfreada by these professionals, and the psychological aspect due to the feeling experienced by them in the process of death.

Objetivo: identificar el papel de la enfermería en los cuidados paliativos para pacientes con cáncer en estado terminal, a partir de la literatura reciente. Método: La revisión integradora realizada en este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis del tema de interés para el área de enfermería. De las bases de datos de SciELO, LILACS y BVS. La búsqueda se realizó entre septiembre de 2021 y mayo de 2022, y se seleccionaron los artículos disponibles en su totalidad, en portugués y en formato original, el año de publicación comprende los años 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Indican los sentimientos experimentados por el equipo de enfermería y multidisciplinario, así como las dificultades a las que se enfrentan estos profesionales, y la deficiencia en la formación de estos profesionales, además de los sentimientos involucrados tanto en la familia como en los profesionales y cómo tratan la terminalidad. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de una visión más amplia de los Cuidados Paliativos desde la graduación hasta las actividades desarrolladas en Cuidados Paliativos, la sobrecarga de trabajo enfreda por parte de estos profesionales, y el aspecto psicológico debido al sentimiento experimentado por ellos en el proceso de muerte.

Evaluación del nivel de ansiedad en el paciente oncológico quirúrgico tratado con biblioterapia

Introducción: La biblioterapia se define como la utilización de libros y otros materiales en un programa de lectura dirigida. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de ansiedad en el paciente oncológico quirúrgico tratado con biblioterapia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en el paciente oncológico, en el Hospital Provincial Docente de Oncología María Curie, de enero 2022 a enero 2023. El universo estuvo constituido por 200 pacientes y la muestra aleatoria simple por 60, dividida en dos grupos de 30 pacientes cada uno, grupo experimental y grupo convencional. En el preoperatorio inmediato y posoperatorio mediato al paciente se le aplicó biblioterapia en modalidad de lectura. La ansiedad se evaluó con el Inventario de ansiedad: rasgo-estado. Resultados: La media para la edad en ambos grupos fue similar, 56,32 años en el grupo experimental y en el grupo convencional 54,61. Predominó los pacientes de 50 a 59 años y 60 a 69 años, con 33,9 % y 32,3 % de los casos. Se apreció la ausencia de diferencia del nivel de ansiedad preoperatorio en los grupos, grupo experimental media de 48,16 y el grupo convencional 49. Los grupos muestran un nivel de ansiedad alto. El nivel de ansiedad posoperatorio resultó diferente en los grupos de tratamiento, así en el grupo experimental la media de 24,74 que expresa un nivel bajo, mientras en el grupo convencional 49,55, se mantiene alto. Conclusiones: La biblioterapia constituyó una herramienta terapéutica interdisciplinar en el paciente oncológico. Se identificó el dolor como palabra focal que permitió el desarrollo del plan de acción literaria.

Introduction: Bibliotherapy is defined as the use of books and other materials in a directed reading program. Objective: To evaluate the level of anxiety in surgical cancer patients treated with bibliotherapy. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in cancer patients, at the María Curie Provincial Teaching Hospital of Oncology, from January 2022 to January 2023. The universe consisted of 200 patients and a simple random sample of 60, divided into two groups of 30 patients each, experimental group and conventional group. In the immediate preoperative period and immediate postoperative period, bibliotherapy was applied to the patient in reading modality. Anxiety was assessed with the Anxiety Inventory: Trait-State. Results: The average age for both groups was similar, 56.32 years in the experimental group and 54.61 in the conventional group. Patients from 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years predominated, with 33.9 % and 32.3 % of the cases. The absence of difference in the level of preoperative anxiety in the groups was observed, an average experimental group of 48.16 and the conventional group 49.00. The groups show a high level of anxiety. The level of postoperative anxiety was different in the treatment groups, thus in the experimental group the average of 24.74 expresses a low level, while in the conventional group 49.55 remains high. Conclusions: Bibliotherapy constituted an interdisciplinary therapeutic tool in cancer patients. Pain was identified as a focal word that allowed the development of the literary action plan.

Effects of Cancer Treatment on the Comfort of Children and Adolescents with Cancer: A Scoping Review / Efectos del tratamiento oncológico en la comodidad de niños y adolescentes con cáncer: revisión de alcance / Efeitos do tratamento oncológico no conforto de crianças e adolescentes com câncer: scoping review

Abstract Objectives: To map and examine the scientific evidence concerning the effects of cancer treatment on the comfort of children and adolescents with cancer. Materials and Methods: This scoping review was carried out in the following electronic information resources: BVS, PubMed, Cinahl, SciVerse Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies' relevance. Results: The search yielded 4,295 publications, of which 20 comprised the final sample. Following evidence mapping, the effects (20; 100 %) on comfort were found, and the most prevalent were pain (12; 60 %), fear (9; 45 %), nausea (5; 25 %), difficulty eating (4; 20 %), and distress (4; 20 %). Regarding the oncologic treatment modality, antineoplastic therapy prevailed in 11 (55 %) of the selected articles. Conclusions: Cancer treatment affects the comfort of children and adolescents with cancer, causing suffering and changing their well-being. It indicates the need to evaluate its impact and take nursing care measures to reduce complications and improve these patients' adaptation to treatment.

Resumen Objetivos: mapear y examinar las evidencias científicas acerca de los efectos del tratamiento oncológico en la comodidad de niños y adolescente con cáncer. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión de alcance en los siguientes recursos informativos electrónicos: BVS, PubMed, Cinahl, SciVerse Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Dos pares independientes analizaron la relevancia de los estudios. Resultados: la búsqueda dio como resultado 4295 publicaciones, de las que 20 conformaron la muestra final. Luego de mapear las evidencias, se hallaron efectos (20; 100 %) en la comodidad, y los de mayor prevalencia fueron dolor (12; 60 %), miedo (9; 45 %), náuseas (5; 25 %), dificultad en la ingesta de alimentos (4; 20 %) y angustia (4; 20 %). En relación con la modalidad del tratamiento oncológico, prevaleció entre los estudios la terapia antineoplásica en 11 (55 %) de los artículos seleccionados. Conclusiones: se evidenció que el tratamiento oncológico afecta la comodidad de los niños y adolescentes con cáncer, llevándolos al sufrimiento y alterando su bienestar, lo que señala la necesidad de evaluar su impacto y el desarrollo de acciones de cuidado por parte de los profesionales de enfermería para reducir las complicaciones y mejorar la adaptación de estos pacientes al tratamiento.

Resumo Objetivos: mapear e examinar as evidências científicas acerca dos efeitos do tratamento oncológico no conforto da criança e do adolescente com câncer. Materiais e método: realizou-se uma scoping review nos seguintes recursos informacionais eletrônicos: BVS, PubMed, Cinahl, SciVerse Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science e Google Scholar. Dois revisores independentes analisaram a relevância dos estudos. Resultados: a busca resultou em 4295 publicações, das quais 20 compuseram a amostra final. Após o mapeamento de evidências, foram achados efeitos (20; 100%) no conforto, e os de maior prevalência foram dor (12; 60%), medo (9; 45%), náusea (5; 25%), dificuldade na ingesta alimentar (4; 20%) e angústia (4; 20%). Quanto à modalidade do tratamento oncológico, prevaleceu, entre os estudos, a terapia antineoplásica em 11 (55%) dos artigos selecionados. Conclusões: evidenciou-se que o tratamento oncológico afeta o conforto da criança e do adolescente com câncer, acarretando sofrimento e alterando seu bem-estar, o que indica a necessidade de avaliar o seu impacto e o desenvolvimento de ações de cuidado por parte dos enfermeiros para reduzir os agravos e melhorar a adaptação desses pacientes ao tratamento.