ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore antioxidant potential, anti-cancer activity, and phytochemicals of Commelina benghalensis L. Methods: The roots of Commelina benghalensis were extracted in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, n-hexane) with a range of polarity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum method, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, apoptotic and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, migratory and invasive potential by wound scratch assay and invasion assay, respectively, functional groups analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy and phytochemicals by aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. Results: The extracts showed worthy antioxidant potential. The chloroform extract demonstrated the most significant cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cell line, induced apoptosis and reduced migratory and invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. Methanol and ethanol extracts presented good yield of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed different characteristic peak values with various functional compounds such as alkenes, alkanes, aliphatic amines, aromatics, alkyl halides, carboxylic acid, alcohols, ester, aldehydes and ketones. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential use of Commelina benghalensis as a good antioxidant with significant anti-cancer effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore antioxidant potential, anti-cancer activity, and phytochemicals of Commelina benghalensis L. Methods: The roots of Commelina benghalensis were extracted in different solvents (methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, n-hexane) with a range of polarity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum method, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, apoptotic and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, migratory and invasive potential by wound scratch assay and invasion assay, respectively, functional groups analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy and phytochemicals by aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. Results: The extracts showed worthy antioxidant potential. The chloroform extract demonstrated the most significant cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cell line, induced apoptosis and reduced migratory and invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. Methanol and ethanol extracts presented good yield of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed different characteristic peak values with various functional compounds such as alkenes, alkanes, aliphatic amines, aromatics, alkyl halides, carboxylic acid, alcohols, ester, aldehydes and ketones. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential use of Commelina benghalensis as a good antioxidant with significant anti-cancer effect.
ABSTRACT
The ability of a plant species to succeed in colonization of agroecosystem depends on its efficiency in the use of growth resources even in deficient conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficit in the soil on the accumulation of macronutrients of Vigna unguiculataL. Walp., Commelina benghalensis L. and Waltheria indica L. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial, with the first factor corresponding to types of interaction among species (V. unguiculata + C. benghalensis; V. unguiculata + W. indica; V. unguiculata in monoculture, C. benghalensis in monoculture and W. indica in monoculture), and the second of water regimes (irrigated and water deficit).The water deficit differently affects macronutrient content on the species, with decreased of K, Ca and Mg in cowpea, and N, P, K and Ca in W. indica. For C. benghalensis, the water deficit does not reduce the macronutrient contents on the plant. The competition between plants intensifies the effects of water deficit only on C. benghalensis, with a decreased on the content of all macronutrients studied. Under irrigated conditions, competition between plants was more damaging the weeds compared to cowpea. The C. benghalensis specie, free from interference, has a high potential for nutrient extraction under irrigated and water deficit regimes.
A capacidade de uma espécie vegetal para ter sucesso na colonização do agroecossistema depende da sua eficiência na utilização dos recursos de crescimento mesmo em condições deficientes. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da competição e déficit hídrico no solo no conteúdo de macronutrientes de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.) e malva-branca (Waltheria indica L.). Foi conduzido estudo em casa de vegetação, em delineamento em blocos casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 5 × 2, com o primeiro fator correspondente aos arranjos de competição entre as espécies (V. unguiculata + C. benghalensis; V. unguiculata + W. indica; V. unguiculataem monocultivo; C. benghalensis em monocultivo e W. indica em monocultivo), e o segundo dos regimes hídricos (irrigado e déficit hídrico). O déficit hídrico afeta de forma diferenciada o conteúdo de macronutrientes nas espécies, com redução de K, Ca e Mg no feijão-caupi, e N, P, K e Ca em W. indica. Para C. benghalensis, o déficit hídrico não reduz os conteúdos de macronutrientes na planta. A competição entre plantas intensifica os efeitos do déficit hídrico apenas em C. benghalensis, com redução do conteúdo de todos os macronutrientes estudados. Em condições irrigadas, a competição entre plantas foi mais prejudicial as plantas daninhas do que o feijão-caupi. Aespécie C. benghalensis, livre de interferência, apresenta elevado potencial de extração de nutrientes sob regimes irrigado e de déficit hídrico.
Subject(s)
Soil , Food , Malvaceae , Commelina , Dehydration , Vigna , Plant WeedsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) by five different fractions (extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents (gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid).Methods:All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses (45 and 90 plaque- forming units or PFU).Results:All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity (without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with ICConclusions:The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) by five different fractions (extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents (gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses (45 and 90 plaque- forming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity (without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar a eficácia do glyphosate e 2,4-D no controle das espécies de trapoerabas Commelina benghalensis, Commelina diffusa e Commelina erecta. Três experimentos foram instalados em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x7+1 (três herbicidas x sete períodos horas após a aplicação) para duas metodologias de avaliação de absorção de herbicidas (simulação de chuva e corte das folhas aplicadas), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas utilizados foram: glyphosate (1.080 g ha-1), 2,4-D amina (720 g ha-1) e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D (720 + 720 g ha-1). Foram avaliados sete intervalos de tempo para a lavagem (simulando chuva após a aplicação) e para o corte (simulando abortamento, como estratégia de defesa) das folhas aplicadas: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas (HAA). O período mínimo para que a absorção do glyphosate aplicado isolado e em mistura com 2,4-D apresentasse controle satisfatório das trapoerabas (>90%), foi em torno de 12 HAA para C. benghalensis, C. diffusa e C. erecta, independentemente da lavagem ou corte da folha aplicada. Este comportamento pode influenciar no período necessário sem chuva após a aplicação de herbicidas, assim como o abortamento de parte do caule com injúrias para evitar a translocação do herbicida, principalmente quando se utilizou o 2,4-D de forma isolada. Conclui-se que o glyphosate isolado e em mistrura com o 2,4-D foram eficientes e que as diferenças observadas no controle das espécies de trapoerabas podem ser devido a variação do tempo para absorção dos herbicidas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D for the Commelina benghalensis, Commelina diffusa and Commelina erecta. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized in factorial scheme 3x7+1 (three herbicides x seven periods - hour after application) for two methods for measuring absorption of herbicides (simulated rain and cut the leaves applied), and a control without application, with four replications. The herbicides used were: glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1), 2,4-D amine (720 g ha-1) and, mixture glyphosate + 2,4-D (720 + 720 g ha-1). It was evaluated seven time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cut (simulation abortion as a strategy of defense) the leaves applied: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after herbicide application (HHA). The minimum period for absorption of glyphosate alone and in mixture with 2,4 D presented a satisfactory control (> 90.0%) was around 12 HHA to C. benghalensis, C. diffusa and C. erecta, independently of washing or cut the leaves applied. This observed behavior can influence the time required without rain after herbicide application, besides that, the plants aborted part of the stem with injuries to avoid the herbicide translocation, especially when was used the 2,4-D alone. Concluded that glyphosate alone and in mixture with 2,4-D were efficient and that the differences in the control of species may be due to variation of time to absorb the herbicide.