ABSTRACT
Background: The axillary artery is a direct continuation of the subclavian artery. The axillary artery is usuallygives off six branches. Variation in the branching pattern of axillary artery is very commonly seen. The knowledgein variations of axillary artery is helpful in anatomy, radiology and surgery to explain unexpected clinical signsand symptoms.Materials and Methods: The present study undertaken on 30 upper limb (15 cadevers) in department of Anatomyat RKDFMCH&RC, Jatkhedi, Bhopal. None of them had any pathological lesions, traumatic lesions or surgicalprocedures in the axillary region. Bilateral dissection of axilla was conducted and the branching patterns of theaxillary artery was studied.Observations and Results: Unilateral variations were observed in two cadavers. In (6.66%) cases we observed aunique variation of early division of axillary artey. In (3.33%) cases the second part of axillary artery showsthree extra branches (alar artery) In (3.33%) we observed a subscapular artery arises from the second part ofaxillary artery. Up to 36% of it arises from a common trunk with posterior circumflex humeral artery. In (3.33 %),bilaterally a common trunk from II part gave origin to anterior circumflex humeral, post circumflex humeral andsubscapular artery. In 3.33% cases the circumflex scapular artery directly arises from the third part of axillaryartery. In 6.66% cases the anterior circumflex is three in number.In the rest of the cadavers, axillary artery wasnormal in its course and distribution.Conclusion: The detailed knowledge about anatomy of normal as well as variant axillary artery is very helpful forthe surgeons and radiologists performing interventional surgery
ABSTRACT
The Axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery and is a major artery of the upper limb. During theroutine dissection for undergraduate Ayurvedic medical students of SDM Trust’s Ayurvedic Medical College,Terdal, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India, in the department of anatomy we come across a variation in branchingpattern of third part of left axillary artery in male cadaver approximately 55 years of age. The first part and thesecond part of left axillary artery branches were found to be normal but third part of left axillary artery presentingonly one common trunk. This common trunk running posteriorly and dividing into subscapular artery, Anteriorcircumflex Humeral Artery, Posterior circumflex Humeral Artery and profunda brachii artery.
ABSTRACT
Background: In the medical field, the trend of the surgical branches has moved towards minimal invasivesurgeries for reasons of decreased morbidity and mortality. To achieve this is thorough knowledge of the anatomy,with the variations of the concerned structure is required. Hence for a structure like superior mesenteric artery,the anatomic variations of its origin and branching pattern is important for accurate interpretation in diagnosticimaging, as well as in deciding the optimum elective procedure in surgical radiological, and interventionalmanagement.Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 50 well embalmed cadavers of South Indian origin irrespectiveof age and sex. Variations in the branches of superior mesenteric artery were noted.Results: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery arose from the first jejunal artery. Middle colic and right colicarteries arose as common trunk. The right colic artery was absent. Ileocolic artery arose as common trunk withright colic artery.Conclusion: A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of colonic mesenteric arteries is necessary to accomplishsuccessful uncomplicated abdominal operations, especially laparoscopic colonic resection for cancer usingproximal vascular ligation and wide-en-block resection in which the mesenteric vessels cannot be palpated.
ABSTRACT
Arterial variations are quite common. Many studies had elaborated variations in branching pattern of subclavianartery. Present study illustrates a unique feature of scalenus anterior muscle having two heads of origin and acommon trunk for internal thoracic artery (ITA) and thyrocervical trunk (TCT). This rare common trunk passesbetween two heads of right scalenus anterior. Such rare variation was not reported so far. The rarity of suchvariation signifies the necessity of the present study. On the left side all branches arose normally from subclavianartery except dorsal scapular artery which originates from second part itself instead of third part which is aquite common variation. The Internal thoracic artery is widely utilized as a great conduit for MyocardialRevascularization. This common truncal origin is of great surgical importance to Cardiothoracic Surgeons,Cardiovascular Surgeons and Interventional Therapy Radiologists.
ABSTRACT
The brachial plexus has been reported to show different variations with its formation, course, branches and distribution patterns. During routine dissection in the department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University. One such variation was observed, musculocutaneous nerve arises as usual from the lateral cord but unusually, it does not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle rather, the nerve unites with median nerve and forms common trunk and gives branches to the anterior compartment of the arm in the middle of the arm. Considering clinical importance, recognition and knowledge of such possible anatomical variation will be helpful in the field of neurology, anesthesia and surgery.
ABSTRACT
Bilateral variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery were seen in a 78 year male cadaver during routine dissection. On the right side superior thoracic artery was a branch of second part of axillary artery. Additional pectoral branches were seen coming out of the second part on either side. Bilaterally from the second part a common trunk originated which gave rise to lateral thoracic and subscapular artery. On the left side an additional pectoral branch from the common trunk was present. From the third part on either side a muscular branch supplied the coracobrachialis muscle. On the right side from the third part of axillary artery a common trunk started and divided into anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.
ABSTRACT
Axillary artery and its branches are prone to have variations in their course. Knowledge about such variations are important for Radiologists in imaging techniques, Surgeons,Orthopedicians and Anesthetists in performing surgeries in the axilla and giving regional nerve blocks in the axilla.During dissection of a cadaver in the department of Anatomy, PSG IMS &R, Coimbatore, India. We observed a variation in the third part of right Axillary artery. From the common trunk, Subscapular artery, Anterior and Posterior circumflex humeral arteries and Profunda brachii artery arose. Third part of Axillary artery continued down as brachial artery. We are highlighting the variation in this study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Purpose of current study was to describe the variations in the origin of the thoracodorsal nerve of the posterior cord of brachial plexus and its distance of origin from mid-clavicular point in the South Indian population. These variations are important during surgical approaches to the axilla and upper arm, administration of anesthetic blocks, interpreting effects of nervous compressions and in repair of plexus injuries. The patterns of branching show population differences. Data from the South Indian population is scarce. Methods: Forty brachial plexuses from twenty formalin fixed cadavers were explored by gross dissection. Origin and order of branching of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from mid-clavicular point was recorded. Representative photographs were then taken using a digital camera (Sony Cybershot R, W200, 7.2 Megapixels). Results: In forty specimens studied, 72.5% of thoracodorsal nerves originated from posterior cord, which was predominant (75%) on the left side, 15% arose from axillary nerve which was observed in 20% of the right sided specimens and 12.5% had origin from the common trunk which was significant (15%) on the left side. In 32.5% of specimens, thoracodorsal nerve had origin at a distance of 4.1-4.5 cm, in 32.5% at a distance of 4.6-5.0 cm, in 17.5% at a distance of 5.1-5.5 cm, in 12.5% at a distance of 3.6-4.0 cm and in 5% at a distance of t more than 5.5 cm from mid-clavicular point. Conclusion: Majority of thoracodorsal nerves in studied population display a wide range of variations. Significant number of thoracodorsal nerve also takes origin from axillary nerve and from common trunk at various distances from a fixed point. Anesthesiologists administering local anesthetic blocks, clinicians interpreting effects of nerve injuries of the upper limb and surgeons operating in the axilla should be aware of these patterns to avoid inadvertent injury and this study provide the necessary insight into the branching pattern of the thoracodorsal nerve and its distance of origin. Further study of the origin of thoracodorsal nerve of posterior cord of brachial plexus and its distance of origin from mid-clavicular point is recommended.
ABSTRACT
La afectación aneurismática del tronco común de la arteria coronaria izquierda es rara. A propósito de un caso diagnosticado por angiografía coronaria en el contexto clínico de una angina de esfuerzo estable, se discuten aspectos generales de la epidemiología, cuadro clínico, etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.
Aneurysmal affection of common trunk of left coronary artery is rare. Authors present a case diagnosed by coronary angiography in the clinical context of a stable exertion angina and general features of epidemiology, clinical picture, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this entity are discussed.