ABSTRACT
Background: Umbilical granuloma is an overgrowth of granulation tissue following the separation of umbilical cord. Treatment options for this common entity are limited and have side effects such as chemical burns. In this study, we want to highlight the salt application method for treatment of infants with umbilical granuloma.Methods: Thirty six infants were enrolled in present study after institutional ethics committee approval and consent from the parents. After thoroughly explaining the method to all mothers, they are advised to apply a pinch of salt on granuloma twice a day for 3 days .The area of application was cleaned, and common table salt was carefully applied over the lesion. The granuloma was then occluded with surgical adhesive tape for 30 minutes. Cases were followed up after 3 days for assessment of improvement.Results: All thirty six cases responded well to this approach with complete resolution of lesions after 3 days. Small clot like shrunken tissue was found at the site of granuloma, which was easily scraped off during gentle cleansing. No major complication or recurrence was noted in follow-up.Conclusions: The use of common salt in treating umbilical granuloma is simple, cost-effective, curative, and safe. It is easily administered and can be performed by parents at home.
ABSTRACT
Two experiments were performed. The first aimed to assess the tolerance of fingerlings Astyanax altiparanae to water salinity. Fish were exposed to salinity of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 g NaCl L-1 for 96 hours. The fish mortality was 0%, in the levels of 0, 3 and 6 g L-1; 75% in the level of 9 g L-1and 100% at 12 and 15 g L-1 of common salt. The second experiment aimed to assess the parameters of water quality, mortality and blood glucose during transport. For this, A. altiparanae were stored in plastic bags at 22, 30 and 37 g of fish L-1 stocking densities and salinity of 0, 3, 6 and 9 g L-1, for. Fish showed similar mortality levels in the different salinities and stocking densities. The increase in fish density reduced the dissolved oxygen levels and salinity decreased the pH. The blood glucose levels were higher in those fish with 0 g L-1 salinity and higher stocking densities. The addition of salt to the water reduces the stress responses of A. altiparanae during transport.
Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro teve o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de alevinos de Astyanax altiparanae a salinidade da água. Os peixes foram submetidos às salinidades de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ou 15 g de NaCl L-1 durante 96 horas. A mortalidade dos peixes foi de 0%, nos níveis de 0, 3 e 6 g L-1; de 75% no nível de 9 g L-1 e de 100% em 12 e 15 g L- 1 de NaCl. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade de água, mortalidade e a glicose sanguínea durante o transporte. Para isso, A. altiparanae foram estocados em sacos plásticos nas densidades de 22, 30 e 37 g de peixe L-1 e salinidades de 0, 3, 6 e 9 g de NaCl L-1. A mortalidade foi semelhante nas diferentes salinidades e densidades de estocagem. O aumento da densidade de peixes reduziu o nível de oxigênio dissolvido e a salinidade da água reduziu o pH. Os níveis de glicose sanguínea foram maiores nos peixes expostos a salinidade de 0 g L-1 e nas maiores densidades de estocagem. A adição de sal na água reduz as respostas de estresse em A. altiparanae durante o transporte.