Beneficios que reciben los pacientes asmáticos tras la aplicación de un tratamiento fisioterapéutico y rehabilitador

El asma bronquial sigue siendo la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Su prevalencia continúa aumentando a pesar de que en la actualidad se disponen de eficaces manuales terapéuticos para el correcto manejo de los principales síntomas de la enfermedad. El tratamiento no farmacológico de este padecimiento se fundamenta en tres pilares esenciales: la educación sobre la enfermedad, las guías para profesionales y pacientes y la fisioterapia respiratoria. Los pacientes que tienen un tratamiento fisioterapéutico y rehabilitador de manera habitual, tienen una mejoría significativa en el control del asma, especialmente si estos se practican bajo la supervisión de un fisioterapeuta. Los beneficios que los pacientes asmáticos logran con la fisioterapia y la rehabilitación son numerosos y uno de los efectos más importante es el impacto positivo sobre la calidad de vida.

Bronchial asthma continues to be the most common chronic disease in childhood. Its prevalence continues to increase despite the fact that effective therapeutic manuals are currently available for the correct management of the main symptoms of the disease. The non-pharmacological treatment of this condition is based on three pillars: education about the disease, guides for professionals and patients, and respiratory physiotherapy. Patients who have regular physiotherapy and rehabilitation treatment have a significant improvement in asthma control, especially if these are practiced under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The benefits that asthmatic patients achieve with physiotherapy and rehabilitation are numerous and one of the most important effects is the positive impact on quality of life.

Factores asociados al tratamiento no exitoso para tuberculosis en pacientes previamente tratados en Cali, Colombia, en el periodo 2015-2019 / Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome for tuberculosis in previously treated patients in Cali, Colombia, during the period 2015-2019

Introducción. Las tasas de éxito del tratamiento de la tuberculosis continúan siendo subóptimas. Objetivo. Identificar los factores asociados al tratamiento no exitoso para tuberculosis en pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento para la tuberculosis. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, analítico, de cohorte de pacientes que reingresaron a un programa de micobacterias en Cali, Colombia. Se incluyeron mayores de 15 años con tuberculosis pulmonar entre el 2015 y el 2019 con antecedentes de tratamiento para la tuberculosis. Se excluyeron los pacientes con tuberculosis resistente. Resultados. Ingresaron 605 pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento, 60 % por tratamiento inconcluso y 40 % por recaída. En comparación con los pacientes que reingresaron por recaída (ORa= 2,34; IC=1,62-3,38), las variables que explicaron de manera independiente el no tener éxito con el tratamiento para la tuberculosis al egreso fueron: estar en situación de calle (ORa = 2,45; IC = 1,54-3,89), ser farmacodependiente (ORa = 1,95; IC=1,24-3,05), tener coinfección tuberculosis/VIH (ORa = 1,69; IC =1,00- 2,86) o diabetes (ORa =1,89; IC=1,29-2,77), y el incumplimiento de un tratamiento previo por pérdida de seguimiento, abandono u otras causas. Las variables programáticas que favorecieron el éxito del tratamiento fueron la asesoría de la prueba voluntaria de VIH (p < 0,001) y la realización de la prueba de VIH (p < 0,001). Conclusión. Estar en situación de calle, ser farmacodependiente, tener coinfección de tuberculosis y VIH, o diabetes, así como el incumplimiento del tratamiento previo por pérdida del seguimiento, abandono o fracaso del mismo, dificultaron el éxito del tratamiento antituberculoso. En la primera atención al reingreso de los pacientes con tuberculosis se deben identificar y abordar estas características.

Introduction. The success rates in the treatment of tuberculosis are suboptimal. Objective. To identify associated factors with the lack of success of antituberculosis treatment in patients with a tuberculosis treatment history. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective, analytical, observational, and cohort study of patients reentering the Mycobacterium program in Cali, Colombia. We included patients over 15 years old with pulmonary tuberculosis between 2015 and 2019 and a history of tuberculosis treatment. Patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis were excluded. Results. A total of 605 patients with a treatment history were included, 60% due to unfinished treatment and 40% due to relapse. Compared to patients reentering due to relapse (ORa=2.34, CI=1.62-3.38), the independent variables associated with treatment failure at discharge were homelessness (ORa=2.45, CI=1.54-3.89), substance dependence (ORa=1.95, CI=1.24-3.05), tuberculosis/HIV coinfection (ORa=1.69, CI=1.00-2.86), diabetes (ORa=1.89, CI=1.29-2.77), and unfinished previous tuberculosis treatment due to follow-up loss, abandonment, or other causes. Programmatic variables favoring treatment success were voluntary HIV testing counseling (p<0.001) and HIV testing (p<0.001). Conclusion. Homelessness, substance dependence, tuberculosis/HIV coinfection, diabetes, and incomplete previous treatment due to loss to follow-up, abandonment, or treatment failure hindered the success of antituberculosis. These characteristics should be identified and addressed during the initial care of patients reentering treatment for tuberculosis.

Estrategias de control de la Equinococosis quística en el Uruguay / Strategies for the control of cystic echinococcosis in Uruguay / Estratégias de controle da equinococose cística no Uruguai

La equinococosis quística es una zoonosis de origen parasitario con distribución cosmopolita. En nuestro país continúa siendo una enfermedad endémica, afectando principalmente pequeños centros poblados y áreas rurales pobres relacionadas a la producción ovina. Los planes de control requieren de un abordaje holístico, con la participación de diferentes instituciones, profesionales y en especial de la comunidad. La cooperación regional busca monitorizar el avance de la enfermedad y centrar las medidas de acción sobre cuatro ejes, definidos según los puntos de intervención más comunes para la quiebra del ciclo de transmisión y la consecuente reducción en incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad. La presente revisión utilizó literatura obtenida en diferentes bases de datos, bibliotecas virtuales y sitios web regionales y locales con el objetivo describir las principales estrategias de control, vigilancia y prevención aplicadas actualmente en nuestro país.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis of parasitic origin with cosmopolitan distribution. In our country it continues to be an endemic disease, affecting mainly small population centers and poor rural areas related to sheep production. Control plans require a holistic approach, with the participation of different institutions, professionals and especially the community. Regional cooperation seeks to monitor the progress of the disease and focus action measures on four axes, defined according to the most common points of intervention to break the transmission cycle and consequently reduce the incidence and prevalence of the disease. This review used literature obtained from different databases, virtual libraries and regional and local websites with the aim of describing the main control, surveillance and prevention strategies currently applied in our country.

A equinococose cística é uma zoonose de origem parasitária com distribuição cosmopolita. Em nosso país, continua a ser uma doença endêmica, afetando principalmente pequenos centros populacionais e áreas rurais pobres relacionadas à produção de ovinos. Os planos de controle exigem uma abordagem holística, com a participação de diferentes instituições, profissionais e, principalmente, da comunidade. A cooperação regional busca monitorar o progresso da doença e concentrar as medidas de ação em quatro eixos, definidos de acordo com os pontos de intervenção mais comuns para interromper o ciclo de transmissão e, consequentemente, reduzir a incidência e a prevalência da doença. Esta revisão utilizou a literatura obtida em diferentes bases de dados, bibliotecas virtuais e sites regionais e locais com o objetivo de descrever as principais estratégias de controle, vigilância e prevenção aplicadas atualmente em nosso país.

Prevalence of Hypertension Among Tribal Population in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge and it is accountable for 7% of Disability Ad-justed Life Years (DALY) loss, and by the end of 2025 about 29% of world’s population is likely to suffer from hypertension. Tribal population constitute about 8% of the total population in India. Among tribal population, study on hypertension will provide an interesting outcome because studies across the world have shown a lower prevalence. The objective of the study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension among adult tribal populations in India and also to analyse the possible sources of heterogeneity in the estimate. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Embase MEDLINE, and journals for arti-cles published between 2001 and 2020. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis done on hypertension among tribal populations of India. Three authors independently reviewed the articles, performed quality as-sessment and data was extracted. Pooled estimate of hypertension was calculated. Subgroup analyses was performed. A total of 26 articles with a total number of subjects of 75,543 were included in the study. The pooled estimate of hypertension prevalence was 25.1% (95% CI: 24.7, 25.4). There was significant heteroge-neity among the studies (I2 = 98.2 and Q = 1289.37). It is essential to conduct larger cohort studies and ran-domised controlled trials to determine the causes of the increased prevalence of hypertension among the tribal population. The prevalence of hypertension among tribal population are essential as a source of prima-ry information and for rational planning of health services and will help public-health policy-makers to assign sufficient priority and resources for its management and prevention.

Adesão ao tratamento da Tuberculose: estratégias biopolíticas de promoção da saúde na vertente neoliberal / Adherence to tuberculosis treatment: biopolitical health promotion strategies in the neoliberal perspective / Cumplimiento del tratamiento de la tuberculosis: tácticas biopolíticas para fomentar la salud en el contexto neoliberal

Objetivo: analisar como as recomendações sobre adesão terapêutica presentes em manuais de controle da tuberculose constituem estratégias biopolíticas de Promoção da Saúde na vertente neoliberal. Método: pesquisa documental e qualitativa que analisou cinco manuais publicados entre 2002 e 2019, a partir da metodologia pós-crítica de inspiração foucaultiana. Resultados: foram identificadas quatro estratégias biopolíticas, que correspondem às categorias analítica deste estudo: i) Exaltação do saber da estatística como fortalecimento da lógica gerencialista; ii) Priorização do tratamento dos casos bacilíferos e instituição de medidas de controle do risco da contaminação como forma de manter a segurança da população saudável; iii) Ênfase discursiva na população vulnerável como forma de omitir corpos precarizados; e iv) Discurso do empreendimento de si para superação da pobreza, como compensação da falta de políticas de proteção social. Conclusões: algumas recomendações de controle da tuberculose consistem em estratégias biopolíticas de Promoção da Saúde na vertente neoliberal, promovendo discursos sanitários que enfatizam os aspectos individuais, como o autocuidado, a autorresponsabilização, a autonomia e o empoderamento do sujeito. Mesmo nos casos em que percebemos associação do adoecimento com determinantes sociais da saúde e com situações de vulnerabilidade, as ações de controle da tuberculose insistem em ações inscritas numa perspectiva gerencialista da saúde. Na prática, parece haver um vazio de políticas de proteção social e de ações capazes de combater as iniquidades, o que é imprescindível para a efetiva adesão terapêutica e para a cura.(AU)

Objective: to analyze how the recommendations on therapeutic adherence present in tuberculosis control manuals constitute biopolitical Health Promotion strategies in the neoliberal perspective. Method: documentary and qualitative research that analyzed five manuals published between 2002 and 2019, based on the post-critical methodology inspired by Foucault. Results: four biopolitical strategies were identified, which correspond to the analytical categories of this study: i) Exaltation of statistical knowledge as a strengthening of managerial logic; ii) Prioritizing the treatment of bacilliferous cases and establishing measures to control the risk of contamination as a way of maintaining the safety of the healthy population; iii) Discursive emphasis on the vulnerable population as a way of omitting precarious bodies; and iv) Discourse about self-employment to overcome poverty, as compensation for the lack of social protection policies. Conclusions: some recommendations for tuberculosis control consist of biopolitical Health Promotion strategies in a neoliberal perspective, promoting health discourses that emphasize individual aspects, such as self-care, self-responsibility, autonomy, and empowerment of the subject. Even in cases where we perceive an association between illness and social determinants of health and situations of vulnerability, tuberculosis control actions insist on actions based on a health managerial perspective. In practice, there appears to be a lack of social protection policies and actions capable of combating inequities, which is essential for effective therapeutic adherence and cure.(AU)

Objetivo: el propósito es examinar de qué manera las directrices sobre el cumplimiento terapéutico en los manuales de control de la tuberculosis representan estrategias biopolíticas de Promoción de la Salud en el contexto neoliberal. Método:Se llevó a cabo una investigación documental cualitativa que analizó cinco Manuales publicados entre 2002 y 2019, utilizando un enfoque postcrítico inspirado en las ideas de Foucault.Resultados: se identificaron cuatro tácticas biopolíticas (categorías de análisis): 1) Enfatizar el valor del conocimiento estadístico como refuerzo de la lógica administrativa; 2) Priorizar el tratamiento de los casos con bacilos y establecer medidas de control del riesgo de contagio para salvaguardar a la población sana; 3) Poner un énfasis discursivo en la población vulnerable para dejar de lado a los cuerpos en situación precaria; y 4) Promover el autoempleo como solución para superar la pobreza, en sustitución de políticas de protección social insuficientes.Conclusiones: algunas recomendaciones dirigidas al control de la tuberculosis adoptan tácticas biopolíticas de fomento de la salud en el marco neoliberal, empleando discursos relacionados con la salud que ponen un énfasis en aspectos individuales como el autocuidado, la asunción de responsabilidad personal, la autonomía y el empoderamiento del individuo. Aun en situaciones en las que se percibe una correlación entre la enfermedad y los factores sociales que afectan la salud, así como con contextos de vulnerabilidad, las medidas de control de la tuberculosis siguen promoviendo enfoques alineados con una perspectiva de gestión...(AU)

Desafios do enfermeiro no tratamento aos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar nos espaços de assistência à saúde / Nurse challenges in treating pulmonary tuberculosis patients in healthcare spaces / Desafíos de enfermería en el tratamiento de pacientes con tuberculosis de pulmón en espacios de asistencia sanitaria

Introdução: A tuberculose é causada pelo bacilo de Koch que atinge principalmente os pulmões. Contudo, uma pequena parcela, cerca de 15%, se desenvolve em outras estruturas corporais, como na laringe, gânglios, pleura, pele, intestinos, ossos e meninge, sendo denominada, tuberculose extrapulmonar. Sua transmissão ocorre por meio de aerossóis provenientes do sistema respiratório que após eliminadas, ficam suspensas no ar e/ou permanecem viáveis por um período no ambiente. No Brasil, no ano de 2020 estima-se que o número de óbitos foi de 4.543 pessoas, o coeficiente de mortalidade manteve-se de 2,3 por 100.000 habitantes e ao todo 36.000 foram infectadas. Objetivo: Evidenciar os principais desafios do enfermeiro no tratamento aos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar nos espaços de assistência à saúde. Material e métodos: O estudo constitui-se de uma revisão de literatura, do tipo narrativa e de natureza descritiva, tendo como base teórica artigos científico acadêmicos. Para conduzir a revisão foram selecionadas as bases de dados Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde: LILACS. Nisso, foram pautados artigos completos para levantamento de pesquisa em um período de até 5 anos. Resultados/Discussão: O modelo final desta revisão foi composto por nove artigos publicados entre os anos de 2019 e 2022. O presente estudo torna notório o importante papel da enfermagem no diagnóstico precoce na assistência primária, assim como na atuação de atividades para educação dos civis sobre promoção de saúde e prevenção de doenças. Entretanto, a falta de profissionais capacitados e a necessidade de maior participação da equipe multiprofissional representam as maiores problemáticas que cercam este estudo. A partir da leitura dos artigos tornou-se relevante segregar quatro tópicos que nortearam a discussão desta análise, são eles: Acessibilidade, incompletude de prontuários, renda familiar/estigma social e fortalecimento das estratégias de atendimento. Em relação a incompletude dos prontuários, notou-se que os enfermeiros que participaram da pesquisa delimitavam-se aos sinais e sintomas físicos dos pacientes e negligenciaram outros fatores, sendo uma influência do histórico do modelo biomédico, o que prejudica a integralidade da assistência à saúde. Esses indícios devem ser corrigidos, visto que outros métodos devem ser incluídos como fonte de informação para a assistência integral ao paciente. Identificou-se a necessidade de otimizar os registros no prontuário e reiterar a importância dessa prática para evitar que a real situação a respeito da TB seja disfarçada e haja tomada de decisões não condizentes e errôneas. Ademais, o fortalecimento das estratégias de enfrentamento da atenção primária é de tamanha importância, já que sua falta compromete a detecção precoce da doença, o tratamento adequado e a prevenção da disseminação da doença. Por fim, o enfermeiro tem o papel de orientar a população sobre meios de contaminação, buscar casos de TB e educar sobre os benefícios e malefícios do tratamento e da não adesão dele. Considerações finais: Conclui-se ser necessário uma padronização da conduta do enfermeiro, que deve incluir acesso integral aos doentes, acompanhamento do uso da medicação, teste rápidos, além de incentivar uma abordagem individualizada para os pacientes com tuberculose.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by Koch's bacillus that mainly affects the lungs. However, a small portion, about 15%, develops in other body structures, such as the larynx, ganglia, pleura, skin, intestines, bones, and meninges, and is termed extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Its transmission occurs by means of aerosols coming from the respiratory system that, after being eliminated, remain suspended in the air and/or remain viable for a period in the environment. In Brazil, in the year 2020 it is estimated that the number of deaths was 4,543 people, the mortality coefficient remained 2.3 per 100,000 inhabitants and in all 36,000 were infected. Objective: To highlight the main challenges of the nurse in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the health care spaces. Material and methods: The study consists of a review of literature, narrative type and descriptive nature, based on theoretical academic scientific articles. To conduct the review, the Scielo and Virtual Health Library databases were selected: LILACS. In this respect, full papers for the survey of research in a period of up to 5 years were drawn up. Results/Discussion: The final model of this review was composed of nine articles published between 2019 and 2022. The present study makes well known the important role of nursing in early diagnosis in primary care, as well as in the performance of activities for educating civilians about health promotion and disease prevention. However, the lack of skilled professionals and the need for greater participation of the multiprofessional team represent the biggest problems surrounding this study. From the reading of the articles, it became relevant to segregate four topics that guided the discussion of this analysis, are: Accessibility, incompleteness of medical records, family income/social stigma and strengthening of care strategies. Regarding the incompleteness of the medical records, it was noted that the nurses who participated in the research were limited to the physical signs and symptoms of the patients and neglected other factors, being an influence of the history of the biomedical model, which impairs the completeness of the health care. These indications should be corrected, as other methods should be included as a source of information for comprehensive patient care. The need to optimize the records in the medical record was identified and the importance of this practice was reiterated, to avoid the real situation with regard to TB being disguised and inconsistent and erroneous decisions being taken. Furthermore, the strengthening of strategies for coping with primary care is of such importance, since its lack compromises the early detection of the disease, the adequate treatment and the prevention of the dissemination of the disease. Finally, the nurse has the role of giving guidance to the population about means of contamination, of looking for cases of TB, and of educating about the benefits and harms of the treatment and of not adhering to it. Conclusion: It is concluded that a standardization of the nurse's conduct is necessary, which should include full access to patients, follow-up of the use of medication, rapid tests, besides encouraging an individualized approach for patients with tuberculosis.

Introducción: La tuberculosis es causada por el bacilo de Koch que afecta principalmente a los pulmones. Sin embargo, una pequeña porción, cercana al 15%, se desarrolla en otras estructuras corporales, como la laringe, ganglia, pleura, piel, intestinos, huesos y meninges, siendo llamada tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Su transmisión se realiza por medio de aerosoles procedentes del sistema respiratorio que, después de ser eliminados, se suspenden en el aire y/o permanecen viables durante un período en el medio ambiente. En el Brasil, en el año 2020, se estima que el número de fallecimientos fue de 4.543 personas, que el coeficiente de mortalidad se mantuvo en 2,3 por 100.000 habitantes y que en total 36.000 resultaron infectados. Objetivo: poner de relieve los principales retos del tratamiento de enfermería para pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en las áreas de atención de la salud. Material y métodos: El estudio es una revisión de la literatura, del tipo narrativo y de naturaleza descriptiva, basada en artículos teóricos académicos científicos. Para llevar a cabo el examen, se seleccionaron las bases de datos de Scielo y Virtual Library on Health: LILACS. A este respecto, se elaboraron artículos completos para un estudio de investigación en un período de hasta cinco años. Resultados/Debate: El modelo final de esta revisión se compone de nueve artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2022. En este estudio se destaca el importante papel de la enfermería en el diagnóstico precoz en la atención primaria, así como en las actividades de educación de los civiles sobre la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades. Sin embargo, la falta de profesionales cualificados y la necesidad de una mayor participación del equipo multiprofesional son los mayores problemas que rodean este estudio. A partir de la lectura de los artículos, se hizo relevante separar cuatro temas que guiaron el debate de este análisis, a saber: accesibilidad, registros incompletos, ingresos familiares/estigma social y el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de asistencia. En relación con la inexhaustividad de los registros médicos, se observó que las enfermeras que participaron en la investigación se limitaban a los signos y síntomas físicos de los pacientes y descuidaban otros factores, siendo una influencia de la historia del modelo biomédico, lo que daña la integridad de la atención sanitaria. Estas indicaciones deben corregirse, ya que se deben incluir otros métodos como fuente de información para la atención completa del paciente. Se ha identificado la necesidad de optimizar los registros médicos digitales y de reiterar la importancia de esta práctica para evitar que la situación real de la tuberculosis sea disfrazada, indigna y errónea. Además, el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de atención primaria es de tal importancia, ya que su ausencia pone en peligro la detección precoz de la enfermedad, el tratamiento adecuado y la prevención de la diseminación de la enfermedad. Finalmente, la enfermera tiene el papel de guiar a la población sobre los medios de contaminación, buscando casos de tuberculosis y educándolos sobre los beneficios y daños del tratamiento y de su falta de cumplimiento. Consideraciones finales: Se concluye que es necesaria la estandarización de la conducta de la enfermera, que debe incluir el pleno acceso a los pacientes, el seguimiento del uso de medicamentos, las pruebas rápidas y el fomento de un enfoque individualizado para los pacientes de tuberculosis.

Avaliação do conhecimento de estudantes de odontologia sobre a transmissão e prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis / Assessment of odontology students' knowledge about the transmission and prevention of sexually transmitted infections

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil demográfico e comportamento sexual e conhecimento clínico no que se refere à prevenção de IST dos estudantes do 4º ao 10º período do Curso de Odontologia de uma universidade brasileira. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, realizado através da aplicação de um questionário com perguntas sobre aspectos sociais, demográficos, econômicos e relativos às formas de transmissão e expressão clínica de IST. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente (médias, medianas, desvio padrão), assim como também foi realizada a análise estatística inferencial, com nível de significância de 5%. O programa utilizado para executar as inferências foi o SPSS, versão 23. Resultados: Constatou-se, preliminarmente, predominância de brancos entre os entrevistados, baixo uso de preservativos nas relações sexuais, altos índices de realização de teste para detecção de HIV e falhas no conhecimento em identificar IST passíveis de transmissão durante o atendimento odontológico. Conclusão: Há falhas no aprendizado do público-alvo da pesquisa, refletindo em desconhecimento sobre a prevenção, transmissão, sinais e sintomas de IST que envolvam a boca e seus anexos.

Aim:To know the demographic profile, sexual behavior, and clinical knowledge regarding STI prevention of students from the 4th to 10th period of the Dentistry Course at a Brazilian university. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out through the application of a questionnaire with questions about social, demographic, economic aspects and related to the transmission and clinical expression of STIs. Data were analyzed descriptively (means, medians, standard deviation), as well as inferential statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5%. The program used to perform the inferences was SPSS, version 23. Results: This study primarily found a predominance of whites among the interviewees, a low use of condoms in sexual relations, high rates of testing for HIV detection, and flaws in students' knowledge in identifying STIs capable of transmission during dental care. Conclusion: There are gaps in learning within the research target audience, reflecting a lack of knowledge about the prevention, transmission, signs, and symptoms of STIs involving the mouth and its attachments.

Development of public sports and optimization of sports mode under the influence of covid-19 epidemic / Desenvolvimento de esportes públicos e otimização do modo esportivo sob influência da epidemia de covid-19 / El desarrollo del deporte público y la optimización del modelo deportivo bajo la influencia de la epidemia de covid - 19

ABSTRACT Introduction: The sports psychology of athletes and public service policies in various places have been adjusted under the influence of the epidemic of COVID-19. However, team sports also need adjustments, and the paucity of evidence prevents safe decision-making. Objective: Research the current model to outline optimizations to team sports public service during the epidemic of COVID-19. Methods: The mechanism of athletes' satisfaction was investigated, mainly involving organizing activities in sports venues, including geographical distribution, technical guidance, health services, etc. Results: According to the survey, the first concern was "organization of activities," with a score of 3.783; followed by "number of places," with a score of 3.252; and "health service," with a score of 3.142. In the athletes' satisfaction score relative to supply and demand, the first concern highlighted was "distribution of seats", with a score of 3.682; followed by "number of seats", with a score of 3.484; and "organization of activities", with a score of 3.112. Conclusion: In optimizing the public team sports service model, the actual needs of the facilities should be fully considered to achieve scientific optimization of supply and demand. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Tanto a psicologia esportiva dos atletas quanto as políticas de serviço público em vários lugares foram ajustadas sob a influência da epidemia da COVID-19. Os esportes em equipe também necessitam de adaptações e a escassez de evidências impede tomadas de decisões seguras neste aspecto. Objetivo: Pesquisar o modelo atual para traçar otimizações ao serviço público esportivo de equipe durante a epidemia da COVID-19. Métodos: O mecanismo de satisfação dos atletas foi investigado, envolvendo principalmente a organização de atividades em locais esportivos, incluindo distribuição geográfica, orientação técnica, serviços de saúde, etc. Resultados: De acordo com a pesquisa levantada, a primeira preocupação foi "organização de atividades", com pontuação de 3.783; seguido de "número de vagas", com pontuação de 3.252; e "serviço de saúde", com pontuação de 3.142. Na pontuação de satisfação das atletas relativa à oferta e demanda, a primeira preocupação destacada foi "distribuição de lugares", com pontuação de 3,682; seguida de "número de lugares", com pontuação de 3,484; e "organização de atividades", com pontuação de 3,112. Conclusão: No processo de otimização do modelo de serviço público esportivo de equipes, as necessidades reais das instalações devem ser plenamente consideradas, a fim de alcançar a otimização científica da oferta e da demanda. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Tanto la psicología deportiva de los atletas como las políticas de servicios públicos en diversos lugares se han ajustado bajo la influencia de la epidemia de COVID-19. Los deportes de equipo también necesitan ajustes y la escasez de pruebas impide tomar decisiones seguras al respecto. Objetivo: Investigar el modelo actual para delinear optimizaciones al servicio público de los deportes de equipo durante la epidemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se investigó el mecanismo de satisfacción de los atletas, que involucra principalmente la organización de actividades en las instalaciones deportivas, incluyendo la distribución geográfica, la orientación técnica, los servicios de salud, etc. Resultados: Según la encuesta realizada, la primera preocupación era la "organización de las actividades", con una puntuación de 3,783; seguida del "número de plazas", con una puntuación de 3,252; y del "servicio sanitario", con una puntuación de 3,142. En la puntuación de satisfacción de los atletas en relación con la oferta y la demanda, la primera preocupación destacada fue la "distribución de los lugares", con una puntuación de 3,682; seguida del "número de lugares", con una puntuación de 3,484; y de la "organización de las actividades", con una puntuación de 3,112. Conclusión: En el proceso de optimización del modelo de servicio público de deportes de equipo, deben tenerse plenamente en cuenta las necesidades reales de las instalaciones para lograr una optimización científica de la oferta y la demanda. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Endocarditis in a Patient with Chronic Periodontitis: A Case Report

@#The HACEK organisms consist of the non-influenzae Haemophilus sp., Aggregatibacter sp., Cardiobacterium sp., Eikenella corrodens and Kingella sp. are responsible for a sizable percentage of infective endocarditis cases worldwide with the mortality rate of 18%. Amongst them, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the most common pathogen strongly associated with infective endocarditis. A. actinomycetemcomitans forms part of the oral microbiota and is also the etiological agent of periodontitis. Here, we present a case of a 37-year-old man with underlying obstructive uropathy, that sought treatment for postural hypotension and symptomatic anaemia with fever. Later, he had developed decompensated congestive cardiac failure with aortic regurgitation. A cardiac echocardiogram revealed the presence of vegetation on the aortic valve. Blood culture grew A. actinomycetemcomitans, and he was treated with furosemide and ceftriaxone. A further dental examination showed the patient is having chronic periodontitis, which could be the possible source of A. actinomycetemcomitans causing infective endocarditis. The patient was then transferred to the National Heart Centre for the first time for further management after completion of 4 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. As the pathogen is fastidious, rapid and newer technology like MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry provides rapid and accurate identification for appropriate patient clinical management.

Correlation between chronic non-communicable disease and falls incidence among the elderly in urban and rural areas in Chongqing / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the correlation between the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and fall incidence among the elderly in urban and rural areas in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods In 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the elderly aged 65 and over in four districts and counties using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. The difference of NCDs prevalence and fall incidence was compared by Chi-square test. The correlation between NCDs and fall incidence was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 806 and 801 elderly people aged 65 and above in urban and rural areas，respectively, were investigated The fall incidence among the elderly in rural areas (12.98%) was higher than that in urban areas (7.94%) (χ2=10.916, P=0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of heart disease (OR=2.988, 95%CI:1.544-5.785), osteoporosis (OR=2.696, 95%CI:1.527-4.760) and vestibular dysfunction or deafness (OR=3.180, 95%CI:1.142-8.861) was associated with fall incidence among urban elderly people. Factors including need for care (OR=2.315，95%CI：1.130-4.744), diabetes (OR=3.067，95%CI:1.634-5.756), osteoporosis (OR=1.972, 95%CI:1.210-3.214), and arthritis (OR=2.975, 95%CI:1.901-4.657) were associated with fall incidence among rural elderly people. Conclusion The fall incidence among the elderly in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas in Chongqing. The prevalence of NCD is high among the elderly. Timely treatment of NCDs should be provided to reduce fall incidence among the elderly.

A multicenter study assessing the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This multi-centre study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease.Methods:From July 2021 to December 2021, plasma samples of patients admitted to 10 hospitals were collected for screening preoperative/pre-transfusion blood transmitted disease. Nucleic acid detection technology was used to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(1+2) RNA, and the results were compared with the immuno-serological methods. χ 2 test and Kappa test were used to analyze the efficacy of these two methods. Results:A total of 8 655 valid specimens were collected from 10 hospitals. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of HCV between the two methods ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of HBV and HIV assessed by the two methods ( P>0.05), but the number of positive cases detected by HBV DNA and HIV RNA (218 and 4 cases) was significantly higher than the corresponding serological results (216 and 2 cases). At the same time, there were HBV, HCV and HIV immuno-serological omissions by the immuno-serological methods, among which 28 cases were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 2 cases were HCV antibody negative and HCV RNA positive, and 2 cases were HIV antigen/antibody negative and HIV RNA positive. In addition, in the 66 samples with inconsistent results from the two detection methods, 83.3% (55/66), 68.2% (45/66), 63.6% (42/66) and 62.1% (41/66) of patients aged was>45 years, tumor, surgery and male, respectively. Conclusions:Compared with immuno-serological tests, nucleic acid tests have the advantage in terms of sensitivity on detecting HBV, HCV and HIV infection and could reduce missed detection. The risk of transmission can be reduced by adding HBV, HCV, and HIV nucleic acid tests to preoperative/pre-transfusion immuno-serological tests screening for patients over 45 years of age and tumor patients.

Quality evaluation of infectious disease surveillance data in Lianyungang City in 2017 - 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the quality of infectious disease surveillance data and provide scientific basis for improving data quality and health decision-making. Methods The comprehensive index of infectious disease monitoring system evaluation and the integrity, accuracy and reliability of infectious disease report data were used to evaluate the quality of infectious disease monitoring data in multiple dimensions. Results In 2021, The comprehensive evaluation index of infectious disease surveillance system was 98.40%. In terms of data integrity, 1 105 data were missing, and the incomplete rate was 1.46%; In terms of data accuracy, 1978 cases were not accurately, rate of accuracy was 26.72%; In terms of data reliability, the card reporting rate of tertiary medical institutions accounted for 67.05%, the diagnosis rate of confirmed cases was 27.74%, and the correction rate of report card was 28.48%. Conclusion The accuracy and reliability of infectious disease data are insufficient, and new methods for infectious disease monitoring data quality are expanded to make up for the lack of data quality evaluation of the current national epidemic system.

Hotspot， frontier and trend of communicable diseases prevention and control research in China in the past 30 years： an analysis based on bibliometrics and scientific knowledge atlas / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveBy using bibliometrics and scientific knowledge mapping technology， this study systematically combs and visually analyzes the research hotspots， frontiers and trends of infectious disease prevention and control in China in the past 30 years， summarizes the research direction in this field， combs the knowledge structure， and provides guidance and reference for subsequent research. MethodsThe databases of CNKI and Wanfang were searched by （"infectious diseases" or " communicable diseases"） and "prevention and control" not "chronic diseases"， The bibliometric software VOSviewer 1.68 and CiteSpace 5.8.3 were used to analyze the co-occurrence network of scientific knowledge maps from the keywords， emerging words， research authors， institutions and other aspects， and summarized the research hotspots， frontiers and trends in the field of infectious disease prevention and control in China. ResultsA total of 10 777 literatures were retrieved， and 7 676 literatures were included after screening. From the perspective of research trend， the number of published literatures in the field of infectious disease prevention and control in China showed an overall upward trend， and the number of studies was closely related to the outbreak of infectious diseases. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has played a leading role in the research. In terms of researchers' cooperation， Hao Mo， Li Chengyue， Wang Ying and others from Fudan University were the main researchers' cooperation teams. Tu Wenxiao， Meng Ling and Xiang Nijuan from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were the main researchers. Wang Quanyi， Li Xinyu， Wang Xiaoli from the Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention were the main researchers' research teams. Yang Zhicong， Li Meixia， Luo Lei and other research teams from Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention have formed a relatively obvious cooperation network. Analysis of the keyword cluster atlas showed that the articles related to the prevention and control of infectious diseases mainly were focused on the epidemiology of new coronavirus infection （new infectious diseases）， school infectious diseases， common infectious diseases， and the related research of vector infectious diseases. The analysis of salient words indicated the research focus and trend change in different time periods. At present， the research focus and frontier in the field of infectious diseases are mainly concentrated in the field of prevention and control of new infectious diseases， such as the monitoring， early warning， reporting， emergency management， laws and regulations of the new coronavirus infection. ConclusionOur country attaches great importance to the prevention and control of infectious diseases， with extensive and in-depth research hotspots. In particular， research on emerging infectious diseases has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results. With the application of molecular biology， big data， AI and other technologies in the field of infectious disease prevention and control， China's infectious disease prevention and control capabilities will be greatly improved. At the same time， it is necessary to strengthen the linkage between universities， disease control institutions， and medical institutions， and establish and improve a long-term normal prevention and control mechanism.

The epidemiological burden of reducing salt intake in Paraguay: A modeling study / A carga epidemiológica da redução do sal no Paraguai: um estudo de modelagem

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to estimate the epidemiological burden of excessive salt intake reduction and achieve the World Health Organization salt reduction target for 2025 in Paraguay, in 2019. Methods We used the Preventable Risk Integrated Model, a comparative risk assessment macro-simulation model, to estimate the averted deaths, disease incidence, and disability-adjusted life years from cardiovascular disease attributable to salt intake in the population of Paraguay for different salt reduction policy scenarios. Results As a result, in Paraguay, excessive salt intake (over 5 g/day) is responsible for approximately 2,656 cardiovascular disease deaths (95% Uncertainty Interval: 1,250-3,765), 4,816 cardiovascular disease cases (95% UI: 2,251-6,947), and 60,529 disability-adjusted life years (95% UI: 27,828-86,258) per year. By reducing salt consumption by 30%, as recommended by the World Health Organization until 2025, approximately 1,188 deaths (95% UI: 520 to 1,820), 2,100 incident cases (95% UI: 923-3,234), and 27,272 disability-adjusted life years (95% UI: 11,999-41,675) from cardiovascular disease could be averted every year. Conclusion In conclusion, the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to excessive salt intake is significant and salt reduction policies must become a priority in Paraguay.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo visa estimar a carga epidemiológica do consumo excessivo de sal e o alcance da meta da Organização Mundial de Saúde para 2025 no Paraguai, em 2019. Métodos Foi usado um modelo de avaliação comparativa de risco (Preventable Risk Integrated Model) para análise comparativa de risco para estimar mortes, casos incidentes e anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALYs) por doenças cardiovasculares atribuíveis ao consumo excessivo de sal na população paraguaia em diferentes cenários. Resultados No Paraguai, o consumo excessivo de sal é responsável por aproximadamente 2.656 mortes (Intervalo de Incerteza 95%: 1.250-3.765), 4.816 casos incidentes (95% II: 2.251-6.947) e 60.529 DALYs (95% II: 27.828-86.258) por doenças cardiovasculares por ano. Com uma redução de 30% no consumo de sal, como recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde até 2025, aproximadamente 1.188 mortes (95% II: 520-1.820), 2.100 casos incidentes (95% II: 923-3.234) e 27.272 DALYs (95% II: 11.999-41.675) por doenças cardiovasculares poderiam ser prevenidos ou adiados por ano. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a carga de doenças cardiovasculares atribuível ao consumo excessivo de sal no Paraguai é significante e políticas de redução deveriam ser priorizadas no país.

Were public interventions relevant for containing the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020?

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Flattening the curve was the most promoted public health strategy worldwide, during the pandemic, to slow down the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and, consequently, to avoid overloading the healthcare systems. In Brazil, a relative success of public policies was evidenced. However, the association between public policies and the "flatten the curve" objectives remain unclear, as well as the association of different policies to reach this aim. This study aims to verify if the adoption of different public policies was associated with the flattening of the infection and death curves by covid-19 first wave in 2020. METHODS Data from the Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System - SIVEP-Gripe) and the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE) were used to compute standardized incidence and mortality rates. The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) was used to obtain information about governmental responses related to the mitigation of pandemic effects, and the Human Development Index (HDI) was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. A non-linear least-square method was used to estimate parameters of the five-parameter sigmoidal curve, obtaining the time to reach the peak and the incremental rate of the curves. Additionally, ordinary least-square linear models were used to assess the correlation between the curves and the public policies adopted. RESULTS Out of 51 municipalities, 261,326 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stringency Index was associated with reducing covid-19 incremental incidence and death rates,in addition to delaying the time to reach the peak of both pandemic curves. Considering both parameters, economic support policies did not affect the incidence nor the mortality rate curves. CONCLUSION The evidence highlighted the importance and effectiveness of social distancing policies during the first year of the pandemic in Brazil, flattening the curves of mortality and incidence rates. Other policies, such as those focused on economic support, were not effective in flattening the curves but met humanitarian and social outcomes.

Discentes de enfermagem e o conhecimento sobre papilomavirus humano e seu imunizante: um estudo transversal / Estudiantes de enfermería y conocimientos sobre el papilomavirus humano y su inmunización: un estudio transversal / Nursing students and knowledge about human papillomavirus and its immunizing: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao conhecimento dos discentes de Enfermagem acerca do Papiloma Vírus Humano e seu imunizante. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, com uma amostra de 112 participantes. Os dados foram coletados em junho de 2017 mediante um questionário estruturado, aplicado aos discentes de todos os períodos do curso. Foi realizada análise bivariada entre o conhecimento acerca da infecção causada pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano e seu imunizante e as variáveis acadêmicas. Resultados: houve conhecimento satisfatório quanto a temática investigada, com destaque para o conhecimento acerca do imunizante mais expressivo entre os discentes. Os discentes de períodos mais avançados tinham significativo conhecimento sobre a sintomatologia da infecção pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano e a disponibilidade do seu imunizante. Conclusões: de modo geral, os participantes apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório, com destaque para os discentes com mais tempo de curso e mais experiência na atenção à saúde da mulher.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al conocimiento de los estudiantes de Enfermería acerca del Papiloma Virus Humano y su inmunizante. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, con una muestra de 112 participantes. Los datos fueron recogidos en junio de 2017 mediante un cuestionario estructurado, aplicado a los estudiantes de todos los períodos del curso. Se realizó un análisis bivariado entre el conocimiento acerca de la infección causada por el Virus del Papiloma Humano y su inmunizante y las variables académicas. Resultados: hubo conocimiento satisfactorio en cuanto a la temática investigada, con destaque para el conocimiento acerca del inmunizante más expresivo entre los discentes. Los estudiantes de períodos más avanzados tenían conocimiento significativo sobre la sintomatología de la infección por el Virus del Papiloma Humano y la disponibilidad de su inmunizante. Conclusiones: de modo general, los participantes presentaron conocimiento satisfactorio, con destaque para los discentes con más tiempo de curso y más experiencia en la atención a la salud de la mujer.

Objective to identify the factors associated with the knowledge of nursing students about the Human Papilloma Virus and its immunization. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 112 participants. Data were collected in June 2017 through a structured questionnaire, applied to students of all periods of the course. Bivariate analysis was performed between the knowledge about the infection caused by the Human Papilloma Virus and its immunization and the academic variables. Results: there was satisfactory knowledge about the theme investigated, especially the knowledge about the most expressive immunization among students. Students from more advanced periods had significant knowledge about the symptomatology of infection by Human Papilloma Virus and the availability of its immunizer. Conclusions: in general, the participants presented satisfactory knowledge, especially students with more course time and more experience in women's health care.

Fatores associados à percepção do risco biológico e aos acidentes com material biológico em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde / Factors associated with the perception of biological risk and accidents with biological material in community health workers / Factores asociados a la percepción del riesgo biológico y de los accidentes con material biológico en los agentes comunitarios de salud

Objetivos: identificar fatores associados à acidentes com material biológico e à percepção do risco biológico entre Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Métodos: estudo transversal analítico realizado com ACS, mediante aplicação de questionário e consulta de registros no cartão de vacinas. Regressão múltipla de Poisson com variância robusta foi realizada para analisar os fatores associados aos acidentes com material biológico e à percepção do risco biológico. Resultados: dos 207 participantes, 50,24% (IC 95% = 43,4 - 56,9) apresentou autorrelato de acidentes com material biológico, tendo como fatores associados possuir formação de nível superior [RP ajustada = 2,2 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 4,7)], ter outro vínculo empregatício [RP ajustada = 1,5 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 2,3)] e conhecimento quanto às vacinas necessárias ao ACS [RP ajustada = 0,7 (0,5 - 0,9)]. Constatou-se que 74,39% dos ACS tinham percepção de algum risco biológico, mesmo de forma limitada. Entre as variáveis investigadas, na análise ajustada, nenhuma mostrou associação com a percepção de risco biológico pelos ACS. Conclusão: a prevalência de acidentes com material biológico em ACS é elevada, sendo fatores associados possuir formação de nível superior, ter outro vínculo empregatício e apresentar conhecimento quanto as vacinas necessárias para a atividade laboral. Há limitada percepção de risco pela maioria dos ACS. Não foram encontrados fatores associados à esta variável.

Objectives: to identify factors associated with accidents involving biological material and the perception of biological risk among community health workers (CHWs). Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with CHWs using a questionnaire and consultation of vaccination card records. Poisson multiple regression with robust variance was conducted to analyze the factors associated with accidents involving biological material and perception of biological risk. Results: of the 207 participants, 50.24% (95% CI = 43.4 - 56.9) self-reported accidents with biological material, and the associated factors were having a university degree [adjusted PR = 2.2 (95% CI = 1.0 - 4.7)], having another job [adjusted PR = 1.5 (95% CI = 1.0 - 2.3)] and knowledge of the vaccines needed by CHWs [adjusted PR = 0.7 (0.5 - 0.9)]. It was found that 74.39% of CHWs were aware of some biological risk, even to a limited extent. Among the variables investigated, in the adjusted analysis, none showed an association with the perception of biological risk by CHWs. Conclusion: the prevalence of accidents involving biological material among CHWs is high, and the associated factors are having a university degree, having another job, and having knowledge of the vaccines required for the job. Most CHWs have a limited perception of the risk. No factors were associated with this variable.

Objetivos: identificar los factores asociados a los accidentes con material biológico y la percepción del riesgo biológico entre agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado con los ACS mediante cuestionario y consulta de los registros de las cartillas de vacunación. Se realizó una regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta para analizar los factores asociados a los accidentes con material biológico y la percepción del riesgo biológico. Resultados: de los 207 participantes, el 50,24% (IC 95% = 43,4 - 56,9) declararon haber sufrido accidentes con material biológico, y los factores asociados fueron tener un título universitario [PR ajustado = 2,2 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 4,7)], tener otro trabajo [PR ajustado = 1,5 (IC 95% = 1,0 - 2,3)] y conocer las vacunas que necesitan los ACS [PR ajustado = 0,7 (0,5 - 0,9)]. Se observó que el 74,39% de los ACS conocían algún riesgo biológico, aunque fuera de forma limitada. De las variables investigadas en el análisis ajustado, ninguna mostró una asociación con la percepción del riesgo biológico por parte de los ACS. Conclusión: la prevalencia de accidentes con material biológico entre los ACS es alta, y los factores asociados son tener un título universitario, tener otro trabajo y tener conocimientos sobre las vacunas necesarias para el trabajo. La mayoría de los ACS tienen una percepción limitada del riesgo. No se encontraron factores asociados a esta variable.

The burden of physical inactivity for the public health care system in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To update the estimated cost of physical inactivity for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS The hospitalization costs were accessed via a database of the Ministry of Health - Informatics Department of the Brazilian SUS. Physical inactivity for the year 2017 was accessed via the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey). Seven chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) were selected via the international classification of disease (ICD-10). The population fraction attributable to physical inactivity was calculated based on relative risk reported in previous studies and the prevalence of physical inactivity. RESULTS In 2017, the seven NCD considered in the analysis were responsible for 154,017 hospital admissions in adults older than 40 years old, residing in the state capitals and the Federal District, which corresponded to 6.5% of hospitalizations and 10.6% of SUS costs at an estimated US$ 112,524,914.47. Considering the group of individuals with insufficient physical activity in their leisure time, the percentage cost attributed to physical inactivity reached 17.4% of the estimated costs with NCD. At a national level, NCD were responsible for approximately 740 thousand hospitalizations, costing US$ 482 million, from which 17.4%, US$ 83 million were attributed to physical inactivity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence to conclude that physical inactivity exerts an economic impact on the SUS due to NCD hospitalization. Physical inactivity is a modifiable lifestyle and compelling evidence, including that of this article, supports the promotion of a more active community as one of the major targets of public health care policies.

Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: document review of a national campaign in light of WHO recommendations / Control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil: revisión documental de una campaña nacional a la luz de las recomendaciones de la OMS / Controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil: revisão documental de uma campanha nacional considerando as recomendações da OMS

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the results of a national campaign aimed at the integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil in light of the World Health Organization (WHO) official documentation related to the integration of strategies for the prevention, control, and elimination or eradication of neglected tropical diseases. Methods. A document review that included official WHO documents published between 2007 and 2020 and campaign results extracted from the official technical report produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results. The integrated control of neglected tropical diseases was gradually incorporated in the WHO documentation over time. Preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration, intensified case management, and integrated vector management were extensively recommended as strategies for integrated control. The Brazilian campaign was carried out in four iterations between 2013 and 2017. Children aged 5 to 14 years enrolled in municipal public schools nationwide were targeted. In summary, a total of 1 074 and 73 522 new cases of leprosy and trachoma, respectively, were detected. Nearly 18 million doses of preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiasis were administered. More than 700 cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed and treated. Conclusions. The integrated strategies implemented in Brazil throughout the campaign generated results aligned with the WHO recommendations for the control of neglected tropical diseases, especially those regarding mass drug administration, active case detection, and intensified case management. Therefore, the continuity of the campaign with adequate evaluation tools must be encouraged as a constant public health policy in the Brazilian government agenda.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir los resultados de una campaña nacional dirigida al control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil, a la luz de la documentación oficial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relacionada con la integración de estrategias para la prevención, el control y la eliminación o erradicación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Métodos. Revisión documental que comprendió documentos oficiales de la OMS publicados entre el 2007 y el 2020, así como los resultados de las campañas, extraídos del informe técnico oficial elaborado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados. Con el tiempo, la OMS ha ido incorporando gradualmente en sus documentos el concepto de control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Tanto los tratamientos quimioprofilácticos mediante la administración masiva de medicamentos como la intensificación del tratamiento de los casos y el control integrado de vectores han sido recomendados ampliamente como estrategias para el control integrado. En Brasil, la campaña se llevó a cabo en cuatro ediciones, realizadas entre el 2013 y el 2017. Las actividades estuvieron dirigidas a la población escolar de entre 5 y 14 años de las escuelas públicas municipales de todo el país. En resumen, se detectaron 1 074 y 73 522 casos nuevos de lepra y tracoma, respectivamente; se administraron casi 18 millones de dosis de tratamiento quimioprofiláctico contra las geohelmintiasis; y se diagnosticaron y trataron más de 700 casos de esquistosomiasis. Conclusiones. Las estrategias integradas aplicadas en Brasil en el transcurso de la campaña permitieron obtener resultados acordes con las recomendaciones de la OMS para el control de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, especialmente en lo relativo a la administración masiva de medicamentos, la búsqueda activa de casos y la intensificación de su tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es necesario fomentar la continuidad de la campaña con herramientas de evaluación adecuadas, como una política constante en materia de salud pública dentro de la agenda del Gobierno de Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever os resultados de uma campanha nacional voltada ao controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil considerando os documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) que tratam da integração de estratégias para a prevenção, o controle e a eliminação ou erradicação de doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Métodos. Realizou-se uma revisão documental que incluiu documentos oficiais da OMS publicados entre 2007 e 2020 e resultados de campanhas extraídos do relatório técnico oficial produzido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Resultados. O controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas foi gradualmente incorporado à documentação da OMS ao longo do tempo. A quimioterapia preventiva por meio da administração em massa de medicamentos, a intensificação da gestão de casos e o manejo integrado de vetores foram amplamente recomendados como estratégias para o controle integrado. A campanha brasileira foi realizada em quatro iterações entre 2013 e 2017. O público-alvo foram crianças de 5 a 14 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas municipais de todo o país. Em resumo, foi detectado um total de 1 074 e 73 522 novos casos de hanseníase e tracoma, respectivamente. Foram administradas cerca de 18 milhões de doses de quimioterapia preventiva para helmintíase transmitida pelo solo. Mais de 700 casos de esquistossomose foram diagnosticados e tratados. Conclusões. As estratégias integradas implementadas no Brasil ao longo da campanha geraram resultados alinhados com as recomendações da OMS para o controle de doenças tropicais negligenciadas, especialmente aquelas relativas à administração em massa de medicamentos, à detecção ativa de casos e à intensificação da gestão de casos. Portanto, a continuidade da campanha com ferramentas de avaliação adequadas deve ser incentivada como uma política de saúde pública constante na agenda do governo brasileiro.

Business Intelligence in supporting strategic health management: an experience report / Business Intelligence no apoio à gestão estratégica em saúde: um relato de experiência / Business Intelligence en apoyo a la gestión estratégica en salud: relato de experiencia

Background and objectives: In 2015, Microsoft launched a Business Intelligence service, called Power BI, which can be used in several areas of knowledge if operated by a qualified professional. Power BI has several utilities, including the integration of data from various sources and formats, case mapping, real-time data visualizations, and remote work. This study aimed to report the use experience of Power BI by utilizing data from a State Department of Health Western Amazon, Brazil. Methods: As an example, cases of tuberculosis in the state of Acre, from 2010 to 2020, were used. These data wee extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, provided by the State Health Department of Acre ­ SESACRE. Results: Power BI offers a simple and intuitive interface. To share the experience, we provided a link (http://tiny.cc/tbacre) to explore the tool and understand the speed and practicality in data visualization. Conclusion: We recommend the use of Power BI mainly in agencies that need agile decision-making based on evidence.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivos: Em 2015, a Microsoft lançou um serviço de Business Intelligence (Inteligência de Negócios), chamado Power BI, que pode ser empregado em diversas áreas do conhecimento, desde que operado por um profissional capacitado. Possui diversas utilidades, entre elas: a integração de dados provenientes de diversas fontes e formatos, mapeamento de casos, visualizações de dados em tempo real e trabalho remoto. Este trabalho propôs relatar a experiência de uso do Microsoft Power BI utilizando dados de uma Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Métodos: Como exemplo, utilizam-se casos de tuberculose no estado do Acre, de 2010 a 2020, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), fornecidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Acre (Sesacre). Resultados: O Power BI oferece uma interface simples e intuitiva. Para compartilhar a experiência, foi fornecido um link (http://tiny.cc/tbacre) por meio do qual foi possível explorar a ferramenta e perceber a rapidez e praticidade na visualização de dados. Conclusão: Recomenda-se sua utilização sobretudo em órgãos que necessitam de tomadas ágeis de decisões baseadas em evidências.(AU)

Justificación y objetivos: En 2015, Microsoft lanzó un servicio de Business Intelligence, denominado Power BI, que puede ser utilizado en diversas áreas del conocimiento siempre que sea realizado por un profesional capacitado. Tiene varias utilidades, incluyendo la integración de datos de diferentes fuentes y formatos, mapeo de casos, visualización de datos en tiempo real y trabajo remoto. Este trabajo propuso relatar la experiencia de uso de Microsoft Power BI utilizando datos de un departamento de salud estatal en la Amazonía Occidental, Brasil. Methods: Como ejemplo, se utilizaron casos de tuberculosis en el estado de Acre, de 2010 a 2020, extraídos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria ­ SINAN, proporcionado por la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Acre ­ SESACRE. Results: Power BI ofrece una interfaz sencilla e intuitiva. Para compartir la experiencia, se facilitó el enlace (http://tiny.cc/tbacre). A través de esto, fue posible explorar la herramienta y darse cuenta de la rapidez y practicidad en la visualización de datos. Conclusión: Recomendamos su uso, sobre todo, en órganos que necesiten una toma de decisiones ágil y basada en evidencias.(AU)