ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of other-infectious diarrhea (OID) in Shaanxi Province from 2006 to 2015 to further clarify the prevention and control strategies.Methods We collected data from the Infectious Disease Report Information System in China for Disease Prevention and Control and made a statistical description of the epidemiological characteristics of incidence distribution in Shaanxi from 2006 to 2015.Results Totally 207 437 cases of other-infectious diarrhea were reported in Shaanxi Province during 2006 -2015,with the average yearly incidence rate of 52.43/105.The incidence number was higher in males (126 673 cases) than in females (80 764 cases),with male-female ratio of 1.57 ∶ 1.The diseases were most serious in age groups 0-and 1-4 years,accounting for 72.48％.The top-three careers of reported cases were scattered children (74.88 ％),farmers (10.75 ％) and students (5.75 ％),respectively.The cities with the highest incidence in Shaanxi Province were Baoji,Yan'an and Ankang.Two high-incidence seasons were summer (July to August) and winter (November to December).The main pathogen of viral diarrhea was rotavirus,but laboratory-confirmed proportion was low (4.60％).Conclusion Other-infectious diarrhea,especially infection caused by rotavirus in autumn and winter,mainly occurred in children younger than 5 years old.Etiological diagnosis should be strengthened because of the poor laboratory diagnosis reporting rate.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>Objectives</b></p><p> The International Health Regulations (2005) bound the member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) to initiate epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks and to notify WHO within 24 hours of their detection if the event is deemed to constitute public health emergency of international concern. The Japan International Cooperation Agency started the Amhara Regional Infectious Disease Surveillance Project to strengthen the surveillance and response system in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia in 2008. The objectives of the study were to review the project activities and to share the experiences and lessons learned in 22 districts of the North and South Gondar and West Gojjam Zones from mid-2012 through 2014.</p><p><b>Methods</b></p><p> We conducted training for district surveillance officers and focal point personnel at health centres (HCs), monitoring visits to district health offices and HCs, held review meetings on surveillance, and provided technical assistance in outbreak investigations. We evaluated the project activities in terms of the timeliness of the surveillance reports submitted by the health facilities, provision of technical assistance in outbreak investigations, and the number of training sessions held for the surveillance personnel.</p><p><b>Results</b></p><p> The timeliness of submission of surveillance reports had improved to almost 100% at end of 2014 compared with before the review period (about 68%). From the third quarter of 2013, we conducted monitoring visits to 59 HCs every semester. We were involved in 11 outbreak investigations of measles, anthrax, pertussis, neonatal tetanus, and typhoid fever. We held a total of 25 training sessions for district surveillance officers and HC focal points.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p> The project successfully strengthened the surveillance and response system. We recommend that the Amhara Regional Health Bureau maintain its commitment to the system in terms of human resources and funding. Training for surveillance officers and focal points should be conducted periodically.</p>
ABSTRACT
Effective communicable disease surveillance systems are the basis of the national disease prevention and control. Following the increase in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases since late 1990s, the Korean government has strived to enhance surveillance and response system. Since 2000, sentinel surveillance, such as influenza sentinel surveillance, pediatric sentinel surveillance, school-based sentinel surveillance and ophthalmological sentinel surveillance, was introduced to improve the surveillance activities. Electronic reporting system was developed in 2000, enabling the establishment of national database of reported cases. Disweb, a portal for sharing communicable disease information with the public and health care workers, was developed. In general, the survey results on usefulness and attributes of the system, such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, timeliness, and representa-tiveness, received relatively high recognition. Compared to the number of paid cases of national health insurance, reported cases by national notifiable disease surveillance system, and various sentinel surveillance system, the result of the correlation analysis was high. According to the research project conducted by KCDC, the reporting rate of physicians in 2004 has also greatly improved, compared with that in 1990s. However, continuous efforts are needed to further improve the communicable disease surveillance system. Awareness of physicians on communicable disease surveillance system must be improved by conducting education and information campaigns on a continuous basis. We should also devise means for efficient use of various administrative data including cause of death statistics and health insurance. In addition, efficiency of the system must be improved by linking data from various surveillance system.