The contradictory relationship between security and human rights / La contradictoria relación entre seguridad y derechos humanos / A relação contraditória entre segurança e direitos humanos

Security and human rights have a contradictory relationship. The crux of the problem lies in the tension that exists between the different approaches to security and the protection of human rights in different contexts and periods, in which fear plays a fundamental role. This review article describes how the public security, citizen security and human security perspectives can be manipulated so that they do not fulfil the objective of guaranteeing human rights and citizen freedoms and actually end up promoting the violation or limitation of these. In other words, these approaches exhibit the oppositional logic that states that what is gained in security is lost in rights, a perspective which ignores the dynamics that should accompany democratic regimes, where security is not an end in itself, but rather a means by which the state and its institutions can guarantee the effective enjoyment of human rights and civil liberties.

Entre seguridad y derechos humanos existe una contradictoria relación. El quid del problema radica en la tensión manifiesta entre los enfoques de seguridad ­con el miedo como un elemento fundamental­ y la protección de los derechos humanos en diferentes contextos y periodos. Este artículo de revisión describe cómo la seguridad pública, la seguridad ciudadana y la seguridad humana son perspectivas que pueden ser manipuladas de tal forma que no cumplen con el objetivo de garantizar los derechos humanos y las libertades ciudadanas, sino que terminan promoviendo la violación o limitación de estos. Es decir, se deja en evidencia la lógica contrapuesta que afirma que lo que se gana en seguridad se pierde en derechos, lo que implica ignorar la dinámica que debería acompañar a los regímenes democráticos, donde la seguridad no es un fin en sí misma, sino un medio con el cual el Estado y sus instituciones pueden garantizar el goce efectivo de los derechos humanos y de las libertades ciudadanas.

Existe uma relação contraditória entre segurança e direitos humanos. O cerne do problema está na tensão manifesta entre as abordagens de segurança - com o medo como elemento fundamental - e a proteção dos direitos humanos em diferentes contextos e períodos. Este artigo de revisão descreve como a segurança pública, a segurança cidadã e a segurança humana são perspectivas que podem ser manipuladas de tal forma que não cumprem o objetivo de garantir os direitos humanos e as liberdades do cidadão, mas acabam promovendo a violação ou a limitação desses direitos. Em outras palavras, evidencia-se a lógica oposta que afirma que o que se ganha em segurança se perde em direitos, o que implica ignorar a dinâmica que debe acompanhar os regimes democráticos, nos quais a segurança não é um fim em si mesma, mas um meio pelo qual o Estado e suas instituições podem garantir o gozo efetivo dos direitos humanos e das liberdades civis.

Presidential communication approaches and the impact on public health: a comparative analysis of three South African presidents' communication on AIDS and COVID-19

The HIV response in the African continent over past decades demonstrates the potency that the words and actions of political leaders have in either expediting or impeding the implementation and adoption of preventive measures at the individual and community levels. The article explores the health communication approaches employed by two South African past presidents (Thabo Mbeki and jacob Zuma) in responding to the HIV epidemic, and contrasts these with the communicative approach of President Cyril Ramaphosa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approached from this understanding, this article provides a comparative analysis of the communication approaches of these three presidencies across the two pandemics, and considers the variously trusted sources of top-down, government-driven and bottom-up, community-informed approaches to health communication. Critical lessons that emerged in South Africa during the HIV epidemic regarding the need to include communities in communicating about risks and behaviour change have not been adopted into the COVID-19 response. Political leaders are not best placed to communicate about these issues, and, in the context of pandemics, there is a clear need to reconsider top-down communication approaches that are designed without the participation of communities and ignore the interconnected nature of health and other social determinants of health.

Assessing infant and young child feeding priorities to inform the development of a nutrition social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategy during a pandemic threat

Objectives: This study was undertaken to identify stakeholder needs and wants in relation to an Infant and Young Child Feeding, Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) strategy for the 16 Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states during Covid-19 lockdowns and travel restrictions.Design: A rapid-assessment mixed-methods approach using qualitative and quantitative studies was adopted. Secondary data sources supported in-field findings. Setting/Subjects: Qualitative approaches included 17 key informant interviews from 7 SADC member states. Quantitative methods of an online survey elicited feedback from 61 participants from 11 SADC member states.Outcome measures: More strategic, best practice, infant and young child feeding SBCC programmes are recommended in SADC.Results: Programme challenges included increased demands on health systems from Covid-19, poor attitudes and beliefs toward IYCF behaviours, the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, and financial and human resource capacity challenges to implement and evaluate SBCC campaigns at scale. Opportunities were also identified for improved detection,better meeting IYCF nutritional needs from locally sourced foods, training and capacity building for greater engagement of front-line field staff, effective policy development to support parent-friendly hospitals and workplaces, and improved regional integration. Conclusions: The needs assessment demonstrated that priority programme planning can continue while the health sector deals with a pandemic threat. The adaptation to virtual support provided a variety of learnings for research designs, data collection and analysis, albeit over an extended timeframe of six months. A number of innovative approaches were identified in the resultant SBCC strategy for SADC along with opportunities for regional efficiencies in adapting existing, best practice SBCC creative and programming approaches.

Research on the Communication Strategy of Strengthening Socialist Ideology in Hospitals in All-media Era / 中国医学伦理学

In the all-media era, communication channels are increasingly diversified and the modes of communication are undergoing profound changes. Same medical institutions ignore the development of all media, which lead to rigid and backward communication situation, affect the healthy development of medical and health undertakings. Mastering and making good use of the advantages and characteristics of communication in the all-media era will also provide more motivation and possibilities for strengthening ideological work. This paper expounded the significance of strengthening the dissemination of socialist ideology in hospitals, proposed the opportunities and challenges faced by hospitals in strengthening the dissemination of socialist ideology in the all-media era, and then put forward specific coping strategies combined with the actual situation of hospitals.

Research progress of nursing succession in nursing management / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:In order to analyze the current research status of handover shift in nursing management, summarize, analyze and judge the existing literature, in order to provide reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods:Through literature review, it is planned to review the current situation, shortcomings and future development of nursing handover classes.Results:The handover process was generally divided into four stages, of which SBAR was the best practice tool for handing over key information. For the performance of handover shifts, NASR, PVNC-BR, HES and Handoff CEX were often used to evaluate the performance of shifts, and for the results of shifts, evaluations were mostly conducted at the levels of patient safety, process elements, and organizational management. At present, the use of electronic information systems, benign organizational culture and patient and family-centered clinical practice could effectively improve the efficiency and effectiveness of handover.Conclusions:The process and elements of the current shift mode are relatively complete, and the communication strategy is reasonable, but there are still many shortcomings and defects. This suggests that nursing managers should adopt scientific intervention methods and evaluation tools when paying attention to and reforming nursing handover in the future to continuously improve the quality of handover.

Immunization coverage among under-five children living along a school student through child-to-child and child-to-parent information, education and communication strategy

Background: In spite of being a principal producer and exporter of vaccines and billions spent over decades, India is home to one-third of the world's under-five children (U5C) with no immunization. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the outcome of child-to-child and child-to-parent Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy on the current percentage of immunization coverage (IC). Methods: A mixed design research with multilevel concurrent sampling was conducted in Pune. Based on school students' households, 44 clusters having U5C were divided randomly into 11 experimental/control groups each. IEC strategy to students was independent variable and IC among U5C was dependent variable. Data were collected from 1092 students and 2352 U5C parents over 6 years. Vaccination card and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin mark were considered as evidence to conclude on full, partial and no IC. Change in knowledge quotient (KQ) among students/parents and U5C IC before and after IEC strategy assessed. Results: Rural/urban age-appropriate full IC of U5C was 51% and 67% before and 88% and 85% in post-IEC, respectively. The mean KQ change score of 8–12/20 in students is likely to increase full IC by 37% and 18%, decrease partial coverage at 14% and 12%, and improve none coverage at 23% and 16%, from its existing level positively in experimental groups. Numerous factors discouraged parents to pursue their U5C immunization. Conclusions: Advocacy through school students can be an economically viable alternative marketing strategy for inadequate U5C IC than billions spent on treating vaccine-preventable diseases and impractical options.

Strategies and Path of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Communication under the Background of "Belt and Road" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

"Belt and Road" is not only a concept of space and international economic cooperation strategy,but also a China oriented culture framework in the area of globalization.The implementation of "Belt and Road Initiative" strategy needs to put culture first,while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture is an important starting point to boost the "Belt and Road" construction.TCM culture communication with countries along "Belt and Road" should take strategies of overall communication,local communication and differentiation communication.And it also needs to promote the construction of TCM communication platform,to enrich TCM culture connotation,to build TCM culture brand and develop cultural and creative industries in TCM.

The Radiation Problem and Its Solution from a Health Communication Perspective

This paper observes both foreign and national discussions on preexisting radiation communication and attempts to find out what it takes to ensure that discussion concerning radiation leads to participation of and trust-building with members of society while considering cultural aspects. When analyzing Korean studies on health risk communication concerning radiation which utilize the frame of foreign literature, Korean studies can be categorized into one of the following themes: different risk perceptions between experts and the general public, discussion on the effects of the framing of radiation messages and media coverage, and research discussing the social implications of the dangers of radiation and the need for effective communication. These study results can be better explained when integrated with Korean social cultural dimensions. The "boiling pot effect" towards risk issues, egalitarian perceptions, escalation of ideological opposition and biased reasoning, and so on are especially major influences. Communication addressing radiological risks must foremost be open and able to mitigate distrust, must give the general public a chance to judge for themselves to prevent stigmatization, and, through the use of media and public education, must make efforts to prevent the proliferation of needless anxiety. Using literature research, this paper discusses possible ways to improve the effect of future health risk communication concerning radiation.

Branding strategy of the hospital based on audience media literacy analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To investigate different media-use habits and different media information comprehension of the audiences.Methods 127 inpatients and 33 outpatients were sampled for questionnaire survey,learning such information as the basics of the audience,medical experience and current media use,participation intension analysis.Results Internet,television,newspapers and other mass media constitute main channels of the audiences to learn health knowledge; audiences depend on the media to know the departments and specialists of the hospital Conclusion in the meantime of professional disciplines development and innovation,the hospital should not ignore its branding and innovation; an important management tool in its branding strategy is to integrate hospital and media resources,build positive image of the hospital,in order to improve hospital brand awareness,credibility and reputation

Diagnóstico participativo para la prevención y control del Aedes aegypti en una zona de riesgo.: Municipio Sancti Spíritus, 2007 / Participation diagnosis for intervention and control of Aedes aegypti in a risk area:: Sancti Spíritus municipality, 2007

Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico consistente en una estrategia educativa con participación comunitaria en una zona de riesgo del Consejo Popular Colón, municipio Sancti Spíritus en el 2007. El estudio comprendió 2 fases: la primera, la elaboración de la estrategia donde se identificaron los factores ambientales y sociales que influyen en la aparición de criaderos de Aedes aegypti; la segunda fase, validación de la estrategia a partir del criterio de expertos. El universo de estudio incluyó los líderes comunitarios de la zona de riesgo que pertenecen a los consultorios médicos de la familia números 7, 13 y 25, del área de salud Sur. La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 participantes: médicos y enfermeras de la familia, trabajadores de la "campaña", representantes del gobierno local, de los Comité de Defensa de la Revolución y la Federación de Mujeres Cubanas, presidente del Consejo de Defensa y educador para la salud del área. Como resultado se diseñó una estrategia educativa de información, educación y comunicación con participación comunitaria, sobre la base de los principales problemas sociales y ambientales identificados, tomando en consideración las necesidades de aprendizaje detectadas en la exploración de conocimientos y prácticas de la población estudiada. La totalidad de los expertos coincidieron en que la estrategia diseñada tiene amplias posibilidades y probabilidades de éxito en su aplicación y consideraron que el enfoque educativo propuesto permitirá que la comunidad potencialice la responsabilidad individual, familiar y comunitaria con su salud.

A technological development research consisting in an educational strategy with community involvement in a risk area of the Consejo Popular Colón, Sancti Spíritus municipality in 2007 was carried out. Study included two phases: First, the design of a strategy to identify the environmental and social factors influencing on the appearance of Aedes aegypty breeding places; the second one the validation of strategy from the expert criteria. Study group included the health area community leaders of risk area from the number 7, 13 and 25 family physician consulting room of the southern health area. Sample included 12 participants: family physicians and nurses. "campaign" workers, local government representatives, Defence Committee of the Revolution and the Cuban Women Federation, the Defence Council Chief and the health area teacher. As result, information, education and communication strategy was designed with community involvement, on the base of the main social and environmental problems identified, taking into account the learning needs detected in knowledge exploration and practice of study population. The total of experts agreed that designed strategy has wide possibilities and probabilities of success in its application and considered that the proposed educational approach will allows that community strengthen individual, family and community responsibility in relation to health.

An Overview of Communication Strategy Research / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper introduces the definition and typology of communication strategy given by various researchers,and provides a review of empirical studies on the teachability of communication strategy.Inspiration on the foreign language teaching in China is also drawn from all these researches.

Investigation on KAP of health education for parasitic diseases in two provinces of southwest China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the pertinent communication strategy of health education for parasitic diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.Before the health education intervention,the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)for parasitic diseases of 199 and 250 farmers in two provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan in southwest China were investigated with questionnaire by using the method of PPS.Results Most of the farmers used the simple and crude toilets and their health status were poor,and there were only 7.57% of people having the bio-gas facilities.The awareness rate of the knowledge on malnutrition caused by parasitic diseases was 34.30% and the awareness rate of knowledge about anemia caused by parasitic diseases was 29.62%.There were 81.74% of farmers who believed helminthic drug and 74.61% of people who tended to buy drug by themselves.The health knowledge of the residents mainly came from the interpersonal communication and TV,and the farmers preferred TV,poster and brochure to get the health knowledge.Conclusion The health education with posters,TV and intervention communication is one of the important measures to control parasitic diseases.