Análise das informações sobre cuidados paliativos divulgadas na televisão / Analysis of palliative care information broadcasted on television / Análisis de la información sobre cuidados paliativos emitida en televisión

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa teve como objetivo analisar, a partir do referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, as informações sobre cuidados paliativos veiculadas nos programas da Rede Globo de televisão. A partir da busca no site Globoplay, foram identificados trinta vídeos relacionados ao assunto entre os anos de 2013 e 2020. Entre outros aspectos, foi observado o predomínio de informações divulgadas no mês de outubro, em programas locais da região sudoeste e presença dos profissionais de saúde como a principal fonte de consulta. A televisão se mostrou um importante dispositivo de divulgação de informações sobre cuidados paliativos com os mais variados sentidos, a saber: espiritualidade, alívio da dor e protagonismo dos sujeitos e seus familiares na busca por um processo de morrer com qualidade. Entretanto, nenhum vídeo citou o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o que demonstrou sua invisibilidade nesse meio. Recomenda-se que os meios de comunicação acelerem a divulgação do assunto e que enfatizem o SUS nos conteúdos divulgados.

This qualitative study analyzes the information on palliative care broadcasted by Rede Globo de Televisão's programs based on the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis. A search on the "Globoplay" website retrieved 30 videos related to the subject between 2013 and 2020. Among other aspects, information was mainly broadcasted in the month of October and in local southwestern programs, having health professionals presented as their main source of information. Television proved to be an important device for disseminating information on palliative care aspects such as spirituality, pain relief and the role of patients and their families in the search for a quality dying process. However, no video mentioned the Unified Health System (SUS), showing its media invisibility. Media conglomerates should increase the dissemination of palliative care information, emphasizing the role played by the SUS.

Este estudio cualitativo tuvo por objetivo analizar, a partir del referencial teórico del Análisis Institucional, las informaciones transmitidas sobre cuidados paliativos en los programas de la Red Globo de Televisión. A partir de la búsqueda en el sitio web Globoplay se identificaron treinta videos relacionados con el tema entre los años 2013 y 2020. Se observó, entre otros aspectos, el predominio de informaciones difundidas en el mes de octubre y en programas locales de la región Suroeste, y los profesionales de la salud se presentaron como la principal fuente de información. La televisión demostró ser un importante dispositivo de difusión de información sobre los cuidados paliativos con los más variados sentidos, como la espiritualidad, el alivio del dolor y el papel de las personas y sus familias en la búsqueda de una muerte digna. Sin embargo, no se mencionó al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en ningún video, lo que lo invisibilizó en los medios. Se recomienda que los medios de comunicación avancen en la difusión sobre el tema y que se haga énfasis en el SUS en los contenidos difundidos.

Role of risk perception between social media use and human papilloma virus vaccination willingness of college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of social media usage on the human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination willingness among college students in Xinjiang, so as to provide a theoretical basis for early prevention of HPVrelated diseases and preventive education.@*Methods@#From March to April 2022, a total of 834 college students were selected from three universities including Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Normal University and Xinjiang Medical University by stratified cluster random sampling method for online and offline surveys. The demographic characteristics, social media usage, risk perception, HPV vaccination willingness were obtained through questionnaires, and the Logistic regression analysis method was used to explore the role of HPV vaccine risk perception between social media use and HPV vaccination willingness of college students.@*Results@#Associations were found between social media use (contact intensity, satisfaction, trust), risk perception (risk perception disorder, risk perception benefit) and HPV vaccination willingness among college students (r=0.37, 0.34, 0.35; 0.25, 0.31, P<0.05). Risk perception benefit had an intermediary effect between social media contact intensity, social media satisfaction, social media trust and HPV vaccination willingness, and the intermediary effects were 0.03 (95%CI=0. 01-0.06), 0.04(95%CI=0.02-0.07), 0.04(95%CI=0.01-0.06),and the proportions of intermediary effect were 18.00%, 26.35%, 23.00%, respectively.Risk perception disorder had an intermediary effect between social media satisfaction and HPV vaccination willingness [0.02 (95%CI=0.00-0.04)], and the intermediary effect accounts for 11.36%.@*Conclusions@#Risk perception benefit is the most important related factors of HPV vaccine willingness, which plays an intermediary effect between social media usage and the willingness to HPV vaccination. HPV publicity and education should be strengthened on social media platforms to promote HPVrelated knowledge and awareness of active prevention of HPV infection among college students.

Impact of social media on adolescent suicide and countermeasures / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, much attention has been paid on possible impact of social media on adolescents suicidal and selfinjurious behaviors, and their relationship and mechanism of action which would be clarified are crucial for suicide prevention work of adolescents. The review mainly summarizes the conceptualization of social media and suicide/selfinjurious behaviors, as well as the directions and mechanisms of their associations. It points out further steps to prevent suicide for those internet aborigines among adolescents, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical direction for future suicide prevention work.

Conversación pública sobre vacunas en la pandemia de covid-19 en Argentina, 2021-2022 / Public conversation on vaccines during the covid-19 pandemic in Argentina, 2021-2022

RESUMEN Ante la caída de las coberturas vacunales y la circulación informativa sobre salud, las conversaciones en el entorno público/mediático digital constituyen un ámbito de estudio relevante para el campo de la comunicación en salud. A través de un estudio cualitativo, basado en el análisis de publicaciones del gobierno, la prensa digital y las redes sociales, caracterizamos la conversación pública sobre vacunas -en términos de temas, momentos, ejes y encuadres en Argentina en el período 2020-2021- signada por el debate sobre las vacunas covid-19. Los resultados muestran que la conversación pública se centralizó en la vacunación contra el covid-19, se estructuró en dos momentos diferenciados (producción de vacunas y campaña de vacunación) y bajo encuadres morales sustentados en la vacunación como práctica de cuidado y la ciencia como voz autorizada. En simultáneo, las dudas sobre la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas estructuraron argumentos de reticencia vacunal, que entendemos como parte de prácticas extendidas, asociadas con las desconfianzas hacia las instituciones y reinterpretaciones del conocimiento científico y del cuidado.

ABSTRACT In the face of declining vaccination coverage and the dissemination of health-related information, conversations in the public/mediatic digital sphere constitute a relevant study area for the field of health communication. Through a qualitative study based on the analysis of government publications, digital press, and social media, we characterize the public conversation on vaccines - in terms of topics, moments, axes, and framings in Argentina during the 2020-2021 period - marked by the debate on covid-19 vaccines. The results show that public conversation focused on covid-19 vaccination, structured in two distinct moments (vaccine production and vaccination campaign), and under moral framings grounded in vaccination as a care practice and science as an authoritative voice. Simultaneously, doubts about the safety and efficacy of vaccines shaped arguments of vaccine hesitancy, which we understand as part of extended practices associated with distrust towards institutions and reinterpretations of scientific knowledge and care.

Hunger in Brazil: notes on the narratives in the Folha de São Paulo newspaper during the 2020 pandemic period / A fome no Brasil: notas sobre as narrativas no jornal Folha de São Paulo no período pandêmico de 2020

ABSTRACT Objective This survey aims atreviewing the journalistic narratives of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo (digital edition) about hunger in Brazil during the 2020 pandemic period. It is known that journalism plays an important role in keeping the public informed and in helping to contribute to the shaping of society's opinion. Despite hunger being a structural phenomenon in this country, little is published in the mainstream media discussing the magnitude of the problem and the articulation of measures taken in the three government spheres (federal, state and municipal), to ensure access to food to the most vulnerable populations. Method News excerpts addressing hunger as the main topic were selected from Folha de São Paulo daily newspaper and were highlighted based on reading keys (n=11, published between March and December 2020). Results In all the selected articles, the newspaper addressed the cause of hunger from the perspective of the pandemic (passing event and manifestation). Issues linked to the economic and social crisis experienced in the country were not emphasized. This form of covering hunger in news articles can enhance the idea that the poor are the result of the currently spreading fatality. Conclusion Finally, from these first results we could infer that the newspaper, when addressing hunger in Brazil in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, sought to construct a biased reality that hunger was derived from the health crisis, at the same time that it presents the hungry people narratives as a discursive strategy to sensitize the reader to Folha de São Paulo intentions.

RESUMO Objetivo A nota tem como objetivo examinar as narrativas jornalísticas do jornal Folha de São Paulo (digital) sobre a fome no Brasil, no período pandêmico de 2020, uma vez que se compreende que as narrativas jornalísticas têm um papel importante na formação de opinião da sociedade. Apesar da fome ser um fenômeno estrutural no país, pouco se vê nos grandes meios de comunicação o debate sobre a magnitude dos problemas e articulação de medidas governamentais nas três esferas de gestão (federal, estadual e municipal), que possam assegurar o acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável dos mais vulneráveis. Método Foram selecionadas notícias na Folha de São Paulo que tratavam da fome como pauta principal, sendo analisadas com base em chaves de leitura (n=11, divulgadas entre março e dezembro de 2020). Resultados Em todas as matérias selecionadas o jornal abordou a causa da fome a partir da perspectiva da pandemia (acontecimento e manifestação passageira). As questões vinculadas à crise econômica e social vivenciada no país não foram enfatizadas. A forma de acionar os famintos nas matérias pode reforçar a ideia de que os pobres são fruto da fatalidade que se propaga. Conclusão Por fim, os resultados iniciais permitem inferir que o jornal ao editar a fome no Brasil, no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19, procurou construir uma realidade enviesada de que a fome é derivada de uma crise sanitária ao mesmo tempo que apresenta as narrativas dos famintos como estratégia discursiva para sensibilizar o leitor em relação às suas intenções.

Erros de medicação na mídia brasileira / Medication errors in the brazilian media

Objetivos: identificar e descrever as notícias sobre erros de medicação ocorridos no Brasil e divulgados na mídia digital brasileira. Metodológia: pesquisa de caráter exploratório, com dados coletados em notícias de mídias digitais do Brasil entre 2015 e 2019. A busca das notícias sobre erros de medicação foi realizada no Google®. Os casos divulgados na mídia foram descritos conforme o tipo e a classificação do erro, medicamento e profissional envolvido na ocorrência do erro, características do paciente que sofreu o erro e local onde o erro ocorreu. Resultados: dos 20 erros noticiados identificados na busca, foram encontrados 11 casos de erros com morte (55,0%), seis casos de erros com dano (30,0%) e três casos de erros sem danos (15,0%). Dos 23 pacientes envolvidos nos erros, 14 pertenciam a grupos de extremos etários, sendo nove pacientes pediátricos (39,1%) e cinco pacientes geriátricos (21,8%). Quanto ao tipo de erro, quatro casos noticiados envolvendo erros de prescrição (20,0%), cinco reportando erros de dispensação (25,0%), 10 erros de administração (50,0%), e um envolvendo erro de dispensação e administração concomitantemente (5,0%). Dentre os 11 casos de erros com morte do paciente, oito traziam a informação sobre qual medicamento estava envolvido no erro, sendo seis deles considerados medicamentos potencialmente perigosos (MPP). Conclusão: os resultados do presente estudo apontam para a necessidade de implementação de melhorias nos estabelecimentos de saúde em geral ­ farmácias, drogarias, hospitais, centros de saúde ­ no que tange a prevenção de erros de medicação. Para isso, devem ser priorizadas iniciativas envolvendo os sistemas de medicação com elevada efetividade, sobretudo em contextos de situações de alto risco como uso de MPP e cuidado a pacientes em extremos etários

Aims: to identify and describe the news about medication errors that occurred in Brazil and were published in the Brazilian digital media. Methods: exploratory research, with data collected in news from digital media in Brazil, between 2015 and 2019. The search for news about medication errors was carried out on Google®. The cases published in the media were described according to the type and classification of the error, medication and professional involved in the occurrence of the error, characteristics of the patient who suffered the error and place where the error occurred. Results: of the 20 reported errors identified in the search, 11 cases of errors with death (55.0%), six cases of errors with harm (30.0%) and three cases of errors without harm (15.0%) were found. Of the 23 patients involved in the errors, 14 belonged to extreme age groups, nine pediatric patients (39.1%) and five geriatric patients (21.8%). As for the type of error, four reported cases involving prescription errors (20.0%), five reporting dispensing errors (25.0%), 10, administration errors (50.0%) and one involving concurrent dispensing and administration error (5.0%). Among the 11 cases of errors resulting in patient death, eight contained information about which medication was involved in the error, six of which were considered high alert medications. Conclusions: the results of this study point to the need to implement improvements in health institutions in general - pharmacies, drugstores, hospitals, health centers - with regard to the prevention of medication errors. For this, initiatives involving medication systems with high effectiveness should be prioritized, especially in contexts of high-risk situations such as the use of high alert medications and care for patients at extremes of age

Relação entre saúde mental de idosos do Distrito Federal e exposição a informações sobre COVID-19 / Relation Between Mental Health of Elderly People in Distrito Federal and Exposure to Informations about COVID-19

A fim de conhecer o tempo e a frequência com que idosos se expõem a notícias e informações sobre a COVID-19 por diferentes mídias e relacioná-los com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, 154 idosos (M = 69,06) do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário online. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres, brancas, escolarizadas e com renda proveniente de aposentadoria e/ou pensão. Constatou-se que a televisão foi o meio de comunicação mais utilizado pelos participantes, seguido pelas redes sociais. Ao considerar características demográficas, idosos mais jovens (60 a 74 anos) e com ensino superior completo apresentaram maior exposição a notícias por meio das redes sociais do que os mais velhos e com menor escolaridade. Idosos com rastreio para depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada permaneceram mais horas expostos a informações sobre a COVID-19 veiculadas pela televisão que idosos não rastreados. Além disso, aqueles com rastreio para depressão relataram maior frequência de exposição a esse conteúdo pela televisão e pelas redes sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de planejamento de medidas de promoção e prevenção em saúde específicas para a população idosa a fim de lidar com as consequências da pandemia e, especialmente, infodemia de COVID-19(AU)

Para conocer el tiempo y la frecuencia con que los ancianos están expuestos a noticias e informaciones sobre el COVID-19 por diferentes medios de comunicación y relacionarlos con los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, 154 ancianos (m = 69,06) del Distrito Federal respondieron a un cuestionario online. La muestra estaba compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, de raza blanca, con estudios y con ingresos por jubilación y/o pensión. Se comprobó que la televisión era el medio de comunicación más utilizado por los participantes, seguido de las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta las características demográficas, los más jóvenes (60 a 74 años) y con estudios superiores completos presentan una mayor exposición a las noticias a través de las redes sociales que los más mayores y con menor escolaridad. Los ancianos con cribado de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada permanecieron más horas expuestos a la información sobre COVID-19 emitida por televisión que los ancianos no cribados. Además, los que se sometieron a pruebas de detección de la depresión informaron de una mayor frecuencia de exposición a este contenido por parte de la televisión y los medios sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad de planificar medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención específicas para la población de edad avanzada con el fin de hacer frente a las consecuencias de la pandemia y, especialmente, de la infodemia de COVID-19(AU)

In order to know the time and frequency with which elderly are exposed to news and information about COVID-19 through different media and relate them with depressive and anxiety symptoms, 154 elderly (M = 69.06) from Distrito Federal answered an online questionnaire. The sample was composed mostly of women, white, educated, and with income from retirement and/or pension. It was found that television was the media most used by participants, followed by social networks. Considering demographic characteristics, younger elders (60 to 74 years old) and with complete college education had more exposure to news through social networks than the older ones and with less education. Elderly with screening for depression and generalized anxiety disorder remained exposed more hours to information about COVID-19 broadcast on television than unscreened elderly. In addition, those with screening for depression reported greater frequency of exposure to this content on television and social media. The results of this study reveal the need for health promotion and prevention measures planning specific to the elderly population to deal with the consequences of the pandemic and especially infodemic of COVID-19(AU)

Noticias de suicidio en canales de televisión peruanos: evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS para su notificación / Suicide news on peruvian television channels: evaluation of compliance with WHO's reporting recommendations

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas por canales de la televisión peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron las noticias de suicidio emitidas por ocho canales de televisión peruana durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las noticias se clasificaron en tres categorías: noticias sobre suicidio, intento de suicidio y prevención del suicidio. Se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación compuesto por las recomendaciones de la OMS. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 126 noticias. Ninguna de estas noticias cumplió en su totalidad con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Las noticias sobre suicidio o intento de suicidio cumplieron con 4 de 13 recomendaciones, siendo la recomendación más acatada la de evitar publicar notas suicidas (97,4%), mientras que la menos cumplida fue la de instruir a la población sobre el suicidio y su prevención, y no difundir mitos (0,9%). Las noticias de prevención de suicidio cumplieron 5 de 7 recomendaciones. Conclusiones. Las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas en la televisión peruana en los años 2020 y 2021 mostraron un bajo cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la OMS. Los profesionales de la comunicación tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención del suicidio, limitando la información sensible y difundiendo información de ayuda. Es fundamental el conocimiento de estas recomendaciones por los comunicadores, y el trabajo conjunto entre el equipo periodístico y los profesionales de la salud mental en la comunicación de noticias relacionadas con el suicidio.

Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide.

Sistema automatizado para el control de medios de informática, ofimática y comunicaciones CIMIOC

Introducción: en las instituciones pertenecientes al Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, la forma habitual de registrar el control de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación ha sido mediante hojas de Excel, procesadores de texto y fichas técnicas impresas. El control informatizado ofrece ventajas, pero las aplicaciones informáticas existentes a nivel mundial son costosas o no adaptables a los requerimientos. Objetivo: desarrollar una herramienta informática para el control institucional de medios informáticos, ofimáticos y de comunicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: investigación de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica, realizada durante 2018 y 2019, en dos etapas: 1) trabajo de mesa, definición de objetivos y establecimiento de pre-requisitos; 2) desarrollo de la aplicación, siguiendo la política de utilización de software libre. Las pruebas de funcionamiento y la evaluación se realizaron en la empresa MEDICuba S.A. Resultados: se desarrolló y registró una aplicación para el Control Informatizado de Medios de Informática, Ofimática y Comunicaciones (CIMIOC), con interfaz web, base de datos centralizada y un diseño adaptable a varios tipos de dispositivos. Permite registrar cualquier recurso de este tipo, su historial de movimiento, el estado técnico, los programas de mantenimiento y salvas de información, y ofrece diferentes reportes estadísticos. Conclusiones: la herramienta informática CIMIOC ofrece una solución robusta y económica para la gestión de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, aplicable a cualquier institución. Facilita de manera objetiva el establecimiento de políticas que tributen a elevar los niveles de calidad en los servicios asociados a la utilización intensiva de estas tecnologías. Se recomienda generalizar la implantación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Introduction: in the institutions belonging to the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, the usual way of recording the control of Information and Communication Technologies has been through Excel sheets, word processors and printed technical sheets. Computerized control offers advantages, but existing computer applications worldwide are expensive or not adaptable to the requirements. Objective: to develop a computer tool for the institutional control of computer, office and communications media. Materials and Methods: technological development and innovation research, carried out during 2018 and 2019, in 2 stages: 1) table work, definition of objectives and establishment of pre-requisites. 2) development of the application, following the policy of use of free software. The performance tests and the evaluation were carried out in the company MEDICuba S.A. Results: an application for the Computerized Control of Informatics, Office Automation and Communications Media (CIMIOC) was developed and registered, with a web interface, centralized database and a design adaptable to various types of devices. It allows recording any resource of this type, its movement history, technical status, maintenance programs and information saves, and offers different statistical reports. Conclusions: the CIMIOC computer tool offers a robust and economical solution for ICT management, applicable to any institution. It objectively facilitates the establishment of policies that contribute to raising quality levels in services associated with the intensive use of ICT. Authors recommend to generalize the implementation in the National Health System.

Relationship between social short form video usage and mental health related behaviors among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of social short form videos on the health of college students, and to provide a basis for health education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 369 college students in 5 universities from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai, participated in this study. A cluster sampling method was employed and questionnaires were designed using a short video social media dependence scale and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). Data were analyzed and processed by independent sample t test.@*Results@#Participants who were dependent on social short form videos accounted for 31.99%, and significant differences in mental and physical health were found between participants who were dependent on short video use and those who were not dependent. Among short video use dependents, scores corresponding to negative mental health symptoms, such as anxiety (1.73±0.67), were higher than those in the non dependent group (1.64±0.42). Furthermore, scores corresponding to smoking, drinking, eating sweet food (1.88±0.40, 1.91±0.32, 2.15±0.51) and other physiological health factors were higher in the dependent group than the non dependent group (1.70±0.33, 1.79±0.29, 1.54±0.47)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The use of short video social media platforms has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of college students. It is suggested that the critical ability of short video media through psychological counseling, strengthen the check ability of short video social media platforms, so as to help college students to develop coping strategies to diminish their dependence on short video social media.

Research progress of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Fear of missing out is an emerging type of anxiety disorder in the context of the Internet and has showed significant impacts on physical and mental health of college students. The review provides an overview on the connotation, extension, and adverse effects, as well as potential underlying mechanisms of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students, which aims to highlight future attention, as well as prevention and intervention reference on fear of missing out in college students.

Research progress on the effects of social media use on adolescents mental health / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Social media use and mental health problems in adolescents have long been a concern, but there is controversy in the conclusions on the direction of the relationship and the size of the effect. In order to clarify the relationship between social media and mental health, the paper mainly summarizes the concepts, mediating and moderating factors, as well as protective and risk factors, it also summarizes the limitations of past studies, so as to provide theoretical basis for future research directions.

Infodemia de COVID-19 e suas repercussões na saúde mental de pessoas idosas / COVID-19 infodemic and its repercussions on older adults' mental health

Em dezembro de 2019, a população mundial foi surpreendida com o surgimento de um novo vírus, o Coronavírus-2 da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS-CoV-2). Foram divulgadas informações acerca da pandemia, disseminando-se por vários tipos de mídias, com grande volume informacional. Diante da sobrecarga de divulgação de notícias, foi originado um fenômeno intitulado Infodemia, que se define pelo excesso de informações, gerando desinformação, pânico e confusão. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a influência da infodemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas idosas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal realizado no município de Ribeirão Preto, organizado em duas etapas investigativas, Na primeira etapa foi caracterizado o perfil sociodemográfico e variáveis relacionadas à Infodemia de COVID-19 nas redes sociais/ TV/rádio e na segunda etapa, foram utilizadas escalas validadas, a fim de mensurar os níveis de ansiedade, estresse e depressão, de acordo com o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI), Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS), a coleta ocorreu entre agosto de 2020 a agosto de 2021, por meio de web-based survey. Participaram do estudo 380 idosos, com idade entre 60 e 92 anos, predominando a faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos (74,7%), sexo feminino (75,3) cor branca (71,3%) e com companheiro (54,5%), 119 (31,3%) concluíram o ensino superior, 321 (84,5%) idosos possuem residência própria, residem em zona urbana (97,9%) e 216 (56,8%) idosos eram aposentados. A maioria dos participantes usava o serviço de saúde pública (50,3%), não houve alteração de renda (75,5%) e 51 (15,5 %) viviam sozinhos. Identificou-se que as pessoas idosas foram expostas a informações e notícias com maior frequência pela televisão 161 (42,4%), em seguida, pelas redes sociais 103 (27,1%), enquanto pelo rádio 44 (11,6%) a exposição foi menor. A comparação dos escores totais das escalas de EEP, GDS e GAI e os dados sociodemográficos, não indicaram diferença entre as variáveis sexo, estado civil e faixa etária. Na análise das horas de exposição aos dados sobre a pandemia de COVID-19, houve diferença significativa entre os intervalos de horas de exposição às redes sociais, se comparados aos escores das escalas de estresse, depressão e ansiedade. Quanto às horas de uso da televisão e rádio foram significantes para os escores das escalas de estresse e ansiedade. Constatou-se que, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, pessoas idosas deste estudo manifestaram sintomas de ansiedade, estresse e depressão devido à maior exposição a horas aos meios de comunicação. O acesso à televisão foi o meio mais utilizado, bem como o uso das redes sociais e o rádio foi o meio menos recorrido. Faz-se necessário pensar nessa população, desenvolvendo estratégias para o envelhecimento com qualidade e a participação ativa na sociedade, com uso consciente dos meios de comunicação

In December 2019, the world's population was surprised by the emergence of a new virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Information about the pandemic was disseminated, disseminated through various types of media, with a large volume of information. Faced with the overload of news dissemination, a phenomenon called Infodemic was created, which is defined by excess information, generating misinformation, panic and confusion. The general objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 infodemic on older adults' mental health. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, organized in two investigative stages. In the first stage, the sociodemographic profile and variables related to the COVID-19 Infodemic on social networks/TV/radio were characterized. In the second stage, validated scales were used to measure levels of anxiety, stress and depression, according to the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Perceived Stress Scale (EEP) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Collection took place between August 2020 and August 2021 through a web-based survey. A total of 380 older adults aged between 60 and 92 years participated in the study, with a predominance of the age group between 60 and 69 years (74.7%), female (75.3), white (71.3%) and with a partner (54.5%). Thus, 119 (31.3%) completed higher education, 321 (84.5%) older adults had their own residence, lived in an urban area (97.9%) and 216 (56.8%) older adults were retired. The majority of participants used the public health service (50.3%), there was no change in income (75.5%) and 51 (15.5%) lived alone. It was identified that older adults were most frequently exposed to information and news through television (161; 42.4%), followed by social networks (103; 27.1%), while radio (44; 11.6%) exposure was lower. The comparison of the total scores on the EEP, GDS and GAI scales and sociodemographic data did not indicate any difference between the gender, marital status and age group variables. In the analysis of hours of exposure to data on the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant difference between the intervals of hours of exposure to social networks compared to the scores on the stress, depression and anxiety scales. As for the hours of television and radio use, they were significant for the scores on stress and anxiety scales. It was found that, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults in this study showed symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression due to greater exposure to the media for hours. Access to television was the most used means as well as the use of social networks and radio was the least used means. It is necessary to think about this population, developing strategies for quality aging and active participation in society, with conscious use of the media

Cumplimiento de la normatividad en la publicidad televisiva de medicamentos de venta libre en Colombia. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo 2018 / Compliance with regulations in the television advertising of over-the-counter drugs in Colombia. Retrospective descriptive study 2018

Resumen Introducción: la publicidad televisiva es una estrategia utilizada por la industria farmacéutica para ofrecer sus productos. En el caso de los medicamentos de venta libre, se tiene la responsabilidad de ajustarse a la normativa relacionada con estos productos, con el propósito de proteger al televidente de influencias negativas por posible publicidad imprecisa o engañosa. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento normativo de la publicidad televisiva de medicamentos de venta libre en Colombia de agosto de 2018 en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN. Metodología: se revisaron las grabaciones de anuncios publicitarios de medicamentos en los canales Caracol y RCN. Aleatoriamente, se seleccionaron los días 2, 4, 22 y 26 de agosto de 2018. La revisión de las grabaciones se realizó por dos evaluadores independientes. Los datos de los anuncios publicitarios se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron 624 anuncios publicitarios relacionados con medicamentos de venta libre: 601 pautas (96,3 %) y 23 comerciales (3,7 %). Entre los 624 anuncios emitidos, 226 (36,2 %) de 18 medicamentos no cumplieron con algunas condiciones establecidas en la normatividad. Discusión: este estudio, comparado con la publicación del 2014, mostró un incremento en la cantidad de anuncios que no cumplen con la norma, pasando de 8 % a 36,2 %. La principal situación de incumplimiento se debe al tamaño de la fuente, que puede limitar la lectura en poblaciones especiales. Conclusiones: los anuncios televisivos emitidos en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN, en un 36,2 %, no cumplen con los requisitos definidos por la normatividad vigente.

Abstract Introduction: Advertising broadcast by mass media is a strategy used by the pharmaceutical sectors to offer their products. For of over-the-counter drugs, this sector is responsible for complying with the regulations related to these products, in order to protect the viewers from negative influences, for possible inaccurate or misleading advertising. Objective: To evaluate regulatory compliance in television advertising of over-the-counter drugs in Colombia in August 2018 on Caracol and RCN national channels. Methods: The recordings of the drug advertisements of two national television channels Caracol and RCN were reviewed. The days 2, 4, 22, 26 of august 2018 were randomly selected. Two independent evaluators reviewed the recordings. The data from the advertisements was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 624 commercials related to over-the-counter drugs were identified: 601 guidelines (96.3%) and 23 commercials (3.7%). Among the 624 advertisements broadcast by both national channels, 226 (36.2%) of 18 drugs did not meet some of the conditions established in the regulations. Discussion: Compared to the work done in 2014, shows that there was an increase in the number of advertisements that do not comply with the norm (from 8% to 36.2%). The main non-compliance situation presented by advertisements is related to the source size since small letters can limit the reading of special populations. Conclusion: 36.2% of the television advertisements broadcast on the national television channels Caracol and RCN do not meet the requirements defined by current regulations.

Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las campañas argentinas de prevención de cáncer de mama difundidas mediante imágenes fijas en redes sociales durante octubre del 2019 / Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Argentine breast cancer prevention campaigns disseminated by still images on social networks during October 2019

Objetivos. Documentar cuantitativamente el grado de concordancia con las recomendaciones del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) de los mensajes institucionales emitidos en redes sociales de Argentina durante octubre de 2019, en el contexto de las campañas de prevención del cáncer mamario, y analizar cualitativamente los elementos icónicos y textuales que conforman sus piezas de difusión. Materiales y métodos. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de 171 piezas de difusión emitidas durante octubre de 2019 por 54 instituciones, a partir de la evaluación de su concordancia con las recomendaciones del INC, la descripción de las principales recomendaciones discordantes (análisis cuantitativo) y el análisis cualitativo de 30 piezas. Resultados. Ninguno de los mensajes emitidos mencionó potenciales daños del tamizaje. Solamente los del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación fueron totalmente concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, mientras que los restantes recomendaban realizar mamografías a edades más tempranas o a intervalos más breves. El autoexamen mamario fue la recomendación más frecuente entre las discordantes. Predominaron las imágenes de cuerpos femeninos vinculadas con los estereotipos predominantes de género y belleza, y los discursos paternalistas que apelan al miedo y a la culpa. Conclusiones. Los mensajes emitidos en las piezas de difusión analizadas no fueron concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, a pesar de que estas últimas están respaldadas por evidencia científica. Por otro lado, los mensajes refuerzan los estereotipos de género y belleza, la culpa y el modelo médico-hegemónico.

Objectives. To quantitatively document the degree of compliance of institutional messages broadcast on social networks with the recommendations of the National Cancer Institute (INC) in Argentina during October 2019, in the context of breast cancer prevention campaigns, and to qualitatively analyze the pictorial and textual elements that make up their dissemination pieces. Materials and methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 171 dissemination pieces issued during October 2019 by 54 institutions, based on the evaluation of their compliance with INC recommendations, the description of the main discordant recommendations (quantitative analysis) and the qualitative analysis of 30 pieces. Results. None of the issued messages mentioned potential screening harms. Only the messages of the National Ministry of Health complied completely with the INC recommendations, while the remaining ones recommended mammograms at younger ages or at shorter intervals. Breast self-examination was the most frequent recommendation among those who didn't comply. The images of female bodies linked to common stereotypes of sex and beauty, and paternalistic discourses appealing to fear and guilt were predominant. Conclusions. The messages broadcasted in the analyzed diffusion pieces did not comply with the INC recommendations, despite the fact that the latter are supported by scientific evidence. On the other hand, the messages reinforce sex and beauty stereotypes, guilt and the medical-hegemonic model.

Intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en la población de 40 años en adelante en México

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19, los beneficios y las barreras percibidas de la vacunación, y la actitud hacia la vacunación sobre la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en la población de 40 años en adelante en México. Métodos Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y explicativa. Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica a 703 personas de 40 años en adelante que residen en México. El análisis de resultados se realizó a través de la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales por medio del método de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Resultados Las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19 influyen positivamente sobre los beneficios percibidos de la vacuna y disminuyen las barreras percibidas. Además, los beneficios percibidos influyen positivamente sobre la actitud hacia la vacunación de COVID-19; sin embargo, las barreras no afectan la actitud. Adicionalmente, esta última influye en la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 e, indirectamente, las fuentes de información y los beneficios percibidos influyen sobre la intención a vacunarse mediados por la actitud.

Objective To evaluate the effect of information sources on COVID-19, the benefits and perceived barriers of vaccination, and the attitude towards vaccination on the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the population aged 40 and over in Mexico. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional and explanatory investigation was developed. An electronic survey was applied to 703 people aged 40 and over who reside in Mexico. The analysis of results was carried out through the technique of structural equations by means of the method of partial least squares. Results The sources of information on COVID-19 positively influence the perceived benefits of the vaccine and reduce the perceived barriers. Furthermore, the perceived benefits positively influence the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination; however, barriers do not affect attitude. Additionally, the latter influences the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and indirectly the sources of information and the perceived benefits influence the intention to be vaccinated mediated by the attitude.

Competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de medicina / Communication skills in medical students

Objetivo: Analizar las competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de medicina de UNIANDES. Método: Descriptiva observacional. Resultados: El 80% de los docentes encuestados mencionó que los estudiantes no poseen habilidades de expresión oral, pero no demuestran un dominio completo sobre la actividad. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de segundo semestre de la carrera de medicina carecen de algunas de las competencias comunicativas como son: lectura comprensiva, lenguaje no verbal, persuasión y expresión oral. falta de claridad e la ideas, fluidez verbal, lenguaje científico, ajuste al tema. Las competencias comunicativas son muy importantes dentro del desenvolvimiento personal y social del estudiante y son de gran relevancia en de la formación del futuro profesional en medicina.

Objective: To analyze the communicative competences in medical students of UNIANDES. Method: Descriptive observational. Results: 80% of the teachers surveyed mentioned that students do not possess oral expression skills, but they do not demonstrate a complete mastery of the activity. Conclusion: Second semester medical students lack some of the communicative competences such as: comprehensive reading, nonverbal language, persuasion and oral expression, lack of clarity of ideas, verbal fluency, scientific language, adjustment to the topic. The communicative competences are very important in the personal and social development of the student and are of great relevance in the formation of the future medical professional.

Conocimientos, actitudes y percepción sobre el rol de los medios de comunicación respecto a la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad peruana / Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of the role of the media regarding COVID-19 in medical students from a peruvian university

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio transversal en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad privada de Lima. El objetivo fue describir el nivel de conocimientos y las actitudes sobre la COVID-19, además de su percepción sobre el rol de los medios de comunicación y de las redes sociales. El 32% no sabía que en los primeros cinco días de la enfermedad, las pruebas serológicas son preferibles para diagnosticar la COVID-19, comparadas con las pruebas moleculares; el 73% reportó estar dispuesto a trabajar como voluntario durante la pandemia y el 94% recibió información falsa sobre la COVID-19 en las redes sociales. Este estudio demuestra que la información sobre el uso de pruebas diagnósticas debe ser reforzada y que se debe tomar en cuenta el alto porcentaje de estudiantes dispuestos a ser voluntarios durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out on medical students from a private Peruvian university. The aim was to describe knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 as well as the student's perception of the role of media outlets and social media. Of the students, 32% did not know that during the first five days of illness, serological tests are preferred for diagnosing COVID-19 over molecular tests; 73% reported being willing to work as a volunteer during the pandemic, and 94% received false information regarding COVID-19 on social media. This study demonstrated that information regarding diagnostic tests should be reinforced and that the high percentage of students willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic should not be overlooked.

Investigation on the risk awareness of medical live webcast of physicians in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current risk awareness of medical online live webcasts among physicians in public hospital, so as to provide reference in promoting the peaceful development of medical online live webcast.Methods:From March 15th to 31st, 2022, the research team used the convenience sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on the risk awareness of medical online live webcast among doctors in public hospitals with the help of the " Physician Daily" Internet platform. All data were analyzed descriptively, and the comparison between groups was conducted by Chi square test.Results:1 015 questionnaires were recovered, of which 828 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 81.6%. 741 doctors (89.5%) knew about the medical webcast, and 752 doctors (90.8%) thought that the medical webcast was risky. More than 50.0% of doctors believed that misleading the public, disclosing patients′ privacy and ideological risk were the risk points of live webcast; Health science popularization, doctor-patient humanistic activities and free medical activities were suitable for live webcast; Live webcast with goods and medical diagnosis were inappropriate for live webcast. There were significant differences in the cognition of doctors with different professional titles on the ideological risk, disclosure of patient privacy, health science popularization, medical and patient humanistic activities, and live webcasting with goods ( P < 0.05). 219 doctors participated in the medical network live webcast, of which 148 (67.6%) reported live webcast. Conclusions:Physicians in public hospitals are generally aware of medical webcasting and believe that there are risks in such behavior. But physicians with different professional titles have different cognitions on the risk points, suitable content, inappropriate behavior, and live webcastreporting of medical webcasting.

A representação das enfermeiras na mídia antes e durante a pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil / The representation of nurses in the media before and during the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil / La representación de las enfermeras en los medios de comunicación antes y durante la pandemia del covid-19 en Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar a representação das enfermeiras retratadas pela mídia brasileira no contexto que antecede a pandemia de Covid-19 e as mudanças nessas representações a partir da crise pandêmica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou a pesquisa documental. O corpus foi constituído por publicações do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do estado de São Paulo, que, aplicados os critérios de inclusão, foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram selecionadas nove publicações, cuja análise de conteúdo evidenciou duas categorias empíricas: A Invisibilidade e Discriminação da Enfermagem nas Representações Midiáticas e A Representação da Enfermagem na Pandemia de Covid-19: o discurso da super-heroína. A análise revelou que as representações que antecedem a pandemia vão da invisibilidade à objetificação sexual. No contexto pandêmico, as narrativas evidenciam a enfermeira como uma figura heróica, o que invisibiliza as contradições e desafios da profissão, cerceando o exercício de direitos. Conclusão: A despeito da visibilidade da profissão nas mídias a partir da pandemia, as entrelinhas dos conteúdos revelam representações estereotipadas e discriminatórias. Essas narrativas, que forjam imaginários e identidades, operam como obstáculos para o reconhecimento da profissão como prática científica e social e de seu papel central no sistema de saúde. (AU)

Objective: Analyze the representation of nurses portrayed by the Brazilian media in the context that precedes the Covid-19 pandemic and changes in these representations from the pandemic crisis. Methods: This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, which used documentary research. The corpus was constituted from publications of the Regional Nursing Council of the State of São Paulo, which, after applying the inclusion criteria, was submitted to content analysis. Results: Nine publications were selected, whose content analysis evidenced two empirical categories: The Invisibility and Discrimination of Nursing in Midia Representations; and The Representation of Nursing in the Covid-19 Pandemic: the superheroine discourse. The analysis revealed the representations that precedes the pandemic range from invisibility to sexual objectification. In the pandemic context, the narratives show the nurse as a heroic figure, which makes the contradictions and challenges of the profession invisible, limiting the exercise of rights. Conclusion: Despite the visibility of the profession in the media after the pandemic, the subtext of the content reveals stereotyped and discriminatory representations. These narratives, which forge imaginaries and identities, act as obstacles to the recognition of the profession as a scientific and social practice and its central role in the health system. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la representación de las enfermeras retratadas por los medios brasileños en el contexto que precede a la pandemia Covid-19 y los cambios en estas representaciones desde la crisis pandémica. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, que utilizó investigación documental. El corpus consistió en publicaciones del Consejo Regional de Enfermería del estado de São Paulo, las cuales, luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve publicaciones, cuyo análisis de contenido evidenció dos categorías empíricas: La invisibilidad y discriminación de la enfermería en las representaciones mediáticas; y La representación de la enfermería en la pandemia Covid 19: el discurso de la superheroína. El análisis reveló que las representaciones que preceden a la pandemia van desde la invisibilidad hasta la objetivación sexual. En el contexto de la pandemia, las narrativas muestran a la enfermera como una figura heroica, que invisibiliza las contradicciones y desafíos de la profesión, limitando el ejercicio de derechos. Conclusión: A pesar de la visibilidad de la profesión en los medios luego de la pandemia, el subtexto del contenido revela representaciones estereotipadas y discriminatorias. Estas narrativas, que forjan imaginarios e identidades, actúan como obstáculos para el reconocimiento de la profesión como práctica científica y social y su papel central en el sistema de salud. (AU)