A propósito dos dilemas da comunicação / About the communication dilemmas / À propos des dilemmes de la communication

Les règles que nous appliquons et les normes auxquelles nous obéissons dans les activités communicatives sont tellement intériorisées qu'elles sont pratiquement imperceptibles. Adriano Duarte Rodrigues, au cours des trois dernières décades, a cherché les conditions du déchainement de l'activité communicative en tant que processus interactionnel situé. Dans cette critique, je souligne la question centrale présentée dans A natureza da atividade comunicativa (La nature de l'activité communicative), son dernier livre: l'observation du comportement des personnes dans les interactions auxquelles elles participent comme point de départ pour comprendre la communication. Cette attitude émique, fondée sur l'approche ethnométhodologique, cherche à découvrir les méthodes de sens commun utilisées par les individus dans leurs productions et in-terprétations au cours de leurs interactions. Le grand dilemme des études de communication découle, selon l'auteur, de la naturalisation de dispositifs qui ont été internalisés au cours du processus de socialisation et qui échappent à notre perception lorsque nous nous impliquons dans des interactions reglées sur eux.

As regras que aplicamos e as normas a que obedecemos nas atividades comunicativas estão de tal modo in-teriorizadas que são praticamente imperceptíveis. Adriano Duarte Rodrigues tem dedicado as últimas três décadas a tentar equacionar as condições que desencadeiam a atividade comunicativa enquanto processo interacional situado. Nesta resenha, destaco a questão central apresentada em A natureza da atividade comunicativa, seu mais recente livro: a observação dos comportamentos das pessoas nas interações das quais participam como ponto de partida para a compreensão da comunicação. Esta atitude êmica, funda-mentada na abordagem etnometodológica, procura descobrir os métodos do senso comum, usados pelos indivíduos nas produções e interpretações no decurso das suas interações. O grande dilema dos estudos da comunicação decorre, segundo o autor, da naturalização de dispositivos interiorizados ao longo do processo de socialização e que escapam à nossa percepção quando estamos envolvidos nas interações reguladas por eles

The rules we apply and the norms we obey in communicative activities are so internalized that they are practically imperceptible. Adriano Duarte Rodrigues has dedicated the last three decades to trying to equate the conditions that trigger communicative activity as a situated interactional process. In this review, I highlight the central question presented in A natureza da atividade comunicativa (The nature of commu-nicative activity), his most recent book: the observation of people's behavior in the interactions in which they participate as a starting point for understanding communication. This emic attitude, based on the ethnomethodological approach, seeks to discover the commonsense methods employed by individuals in their productions and interpretations in the course of their interactions. The great dilemma of the commu-nication studies stems, according to the author, from the naturalization of devices internalized throughout the socialization process, devices that escape our perception when we are involved in interactions regulated by them

Effect of Emotional Word Processing on Communicative and Social Functioning in the Elderly / Efecto del procesamiento emocional de palabras en el funcionamiento comunicativo y social en el adulto mayor / Efeito do processamento emocional de palavras no funcionamento comunicativo e social em idosos

Communicative and social functioning in old age involves cognitive and emotional resources. According to the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (tss), older adults have an affinity for positive events and cultivate their emotional skills. Objective: To explore the relationship between communicative and social functioning and the processing of emotional stimuli in the elderly. Materials and methods: Older adults and young adults performed a computerized lexical decision task (ldt) and were assessed on their com-municative functioning. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the valence factor, with faster processing of stimuli with emotional versus non-emotional content (2196 = 36.39, p <.001); Regarding communicative and social functioning, when comparing it with performance in the tdl, it was shown that older adults obtained longer reaction times and higher error rates in the processing of stimuli, as well as lower scores in the asha-facs. Conclusion: Even when there is no evidence of an interaction between the processing of emotional stimuli and communicative and social functioning, emotional valence influences word processing in older adults, with a preference and selectivity for positive stimuli.

el funcionamiento comunicativo y social en la vejez implica recursos cognitivos y emocionales. Según la teoría de la selectividad socioemocional (tss), los adultos mayores tienen afinidad por eventos positivos y cultivan sus habilidades emocionales. Objetivo: explorar la relación entre el fun-cionamiento comunicativo y social y el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales en el adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos: adultos mayores y adultos jóvenes realizaron una tarea computarizada de decisión léxico (tdl) y fueron evaluados en su funcionamiento comunicativo. Resultados: hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el factor de valencia, con un procesamiento más rápido de estímulos con contenido emocional versus no emocional (2196 = 36.39; p < 0.001). En cuanto al funcionamiento comunicativo y social, al compararlo con el desempeño en la tdl, se evidenció que los adultos mayores obtuvieron tiempos de reacción más prolongados y mayores tasas de error en el procesamiento de estímulos, al igual que menores puntajes en el ashafacs. Conclusión: aun cuando no se evidencia una interacción entre el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales y el funcionamiento comunicativo y social, la valencia emocional influye en el procesamiento de palabras en los adultos mayores, con una preferencia y selectividad por los estímulos positivos.

funcionamento comunicativo e social na velhice envolve recursos cognitivos e emocio-nais. De acordo com a teoria da seletividade socioemocional (tss), os idosos têm afinidade por eventos positivos e cultivam suas habilidades emocionais. Objetivo: explorar a relação entre o funcionamento comunicativo e social e o processamento de estímulos emocionais em idosos. Materiais e métodos: idosos e jovens realizaram uma tarefa de decisão lexical computadorizada (cdt) e foram avaliados quanto ao seu funcionamento comunicativo. Resultados: houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no fator de valência, com processamento mais rápido de estímulos com conteúdo emocional versus não emocio-nal (2196 = 36,39; p < 0,001). Em relação ao funcionamento comunicativo e social, ao compará-lo com o desempenho no tdl, evidenciou-se que os idosos obtiveram maiores tempos de reação e maiores taxas de erro no processamento dos estímulos, além de menores escores no asha-facs. Conclusão: não há evidência de interação entre o processamento de estímulos emocionais e o funcionamento comunicativo e social, a valência emocional influencia o processamento de palavras em idosos, com preferência e seletividade por estímulos positivos.

Desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con fines profesionales. Un estudio de caso

Un apreciable impacto lo constituye el desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con fines profesionales del estomatólogo para la comunicación profesional, sus habilidades comunicativas mejoran con la práctica intensiva y extensiva del idioma extranjero, lo cual garantiza adaptar la comunicación a los contextos diversos (docencia, asistencia e investigación) y posibilita la construcción de un discurso basado en su producción oral. Presentamos el caso de una estomatóloga que ingresó en el curso de superación idiomática y descubrimos aptitudes para la lengua extranjera, se les realizaron pruebas orales y escritas en situaciones comunicativas profesionales y su trayectoria se elevó con su preparación hasta obtener los niveles B1 y B2 según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas y sus suscriptores. El desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con Fines Profesionales (IFP) en estomatología si no se entrena con sistematicidad implica una disminución en lo lingüístico-profesional estomatológica y reduce ampliamente el nivel científico actualizado por los resultados que el mundo de la ciencia estomatológica engloba en los circuitos internacionales de poder de información anglófonos. Ante la creciente demanda de la preparación idiomática para los profesionales de la salud de la provincia, se necesita evaluar y entrenar la capacidad lingüístico-profesional en los estomatólogos. El estudio de caso demuestra que con una intensiva y extensiva práctica del IFP se puede comunicar el estomatólogo en los contextos diversos (docencia, asistencia e investigación).

An appreciable impact is the linguo-communicative development in English for professional purposes of the stomatologist for professional communication, their communicative skills improve with the intensive and extensive practice of the foreign language, which guarantees to adapt communication to different contexts (teaching, assistance and research) and enables the construction of a discourse based on their oral production. We present the case of a stomatologist who entered the language improvement course and we discovered foreign language skills, oral and written tests were carried out in professional communicative situations and her career rose with her preparation to obtain levels B1 and B2 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and its subscribers. The linguo-communicative development in English for Professional Purposes (IFP) in stomatology if it is not trained systematically implies a decrease in the linguistic-professional stomatology and greatly reduces the scientific level updated by the results that the world of stomatological science encompasses in the international circuits of English-speaking information power. Given the growing demand for language preparation for health professionals in the province, it is necessary to evaluate and train the linguistic-professional capacity in stomatologists. The case study demonstrates that with an intensive and extensive practice of the IFP the stomatologist can communicate in the different contexts (teaching, assistance and research).

Um impacto apreciável é o desenvolvimento linguo-comunicativo em inglês para fins profissionais do estomatologista para a comunicação profissional, suas habilidades comunicativas melhoram com a prática intensiva e extensiva da língua estrangeira, o que garante a adaptação da comunicação a diferentes contextos (ensino, assistência e pesquisa) e possibilita a construção de um discurso a partir de sua produção oral. Apresentamos o caso de uma estomatóloga que ingressou no curso de aperfeiçoamento linguístico e descobrimos habilidades em língua estrangeira, testes orais e escritos foram realizados em situações comunicativas profissionais e sua carreira aumentou com sua preparação para obter os níveis B1 e B2 de acordo com o Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para Línguas e seus assinantes. O desenvolvimento linguo-comunicativo em Inglês para Fins Profissionais (IFP) em estomatologia, se não for treinado sistematicamente, implica uma diminuição da estomatologia linguístico-profissional e reduz sobremaneira o nível científico, atualizado pelos resultados que o mundo da ciência estomatológica engloba nos circuitos internacionais de poder informacional de língua inglesa. Dada a crescente demanda de preparação linguística para os profissionais de saúde na província, faz-se necessário avaliar e treinar a capacidade linguístico-profissional em estomatologistas. O estudo de caso demonstra que com uma prática intensiva e extensiva do IFP o estomatologista pode se comunicar nos diferentes contextos (ensino, assistência e pesquisa).

Estimulando la competencia comunicativa en alumnado con tea a partir de un entorno gamificado aumentado1 / Stimulating communicative competence in students with asd from an augmented gamified environment

RESUMEN Esta investigación analiza el potencial de un Entorno Gamificado Aumentado (EGA) para estimular la Competencia Comunicativa (CC) en personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) de entre 3 y 17 años. La metodología es cuantitativa, empírica no experimental (N=54), de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, con carácter exploratorio y analítico. Cuyos objetivos son: 1) analizar si el EGA estimula la CC; 2) estudiar la relación entre el nivel competencial y el grado de inmersión e interacción del alumnado con la tablet; y 3) inferir la relación entre la CC y el género, edad, grado de TEA y tipo de lenguaje. Los resultados resaltan que la experiencia gamificada con realidad aumentada estimula notablemente la CC en este alumnado. Además, se constata que, a mayor inmersión en el entorno gamificado, el alumnado alcanza mayor CC, y viceversa. Se observa la polarización de los resultados según la singularidad del alumnado: cerca de la mitad demuestra tener un nivel competencial alto, y otra gran parte presenta un nivel bajo o muy bajo. Concretamente, los sujetos mayores, con grado de TEA ligero, lenguaje oral funcional y sin comorbilidad presentan un nivel competencial más alto. La interacción con recursos digitales y de realidad aumentada en un entorno gamificado se constituye en una herramienta idónea para la estimulación del alumnado con TEA.

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the potential of an Augmented Gamified Environment (AEG) to stimulate Communicative Competence (CC) in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) between 3 and 17 years of age. The methodology is quantitative, empirical, non-experimental (N=54), descriptive and correlational, with an exploratory and analytical nature. The objectives were: 1) to analyze if the EGA stimulates the CC; 2) to study the relationship between the level of competence and the degree of immersion and interaction of the students with the tablet; and 3) to infer the relationship between CC and gender, age, degree of ASD and type of language. The results highlight that the gamified experience with augmented reality significantly stimulates CC in these students. In addition, it is verified that, the greater the immersion in the gamified environment, the students reach a higher CC, and vice versa. The polarization of the results is observed according to the uniqueness of the students: close to half show a high level of competence, and another large part have a low or very low level. Specifically, older subjects, with a slight degree of ASD, functional oral language and no comorbidity present a higher level of competence. Interaction with digital and augmented reality resources in a gamified environment constitutes an ideal tool for stimulating students with ASD.

La dimensión colaborativa-dialógica en la labor pedagógica del profesor de fútbol / A dimensão colaborativa-dialógica no trabalho pedagógico do professor de futebol / The collaborative-dialogical dimension in the pedagogical work of the soccer teacher

RESUMEN Introducción: Las habilidades comunicativas dialógicas constituyen una necesidad para el buen desempeño de la labor pedagógica del profesor de deporte. Sin embargo, todavía es una problemática el poco uso de herramientas que sitúen al estudiante-atleta en condición de sujeto de su propio proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Consistió en elaborar un procedimiento formativo centrado en lo comunicativo para dar tratamiento a las relaciones que se establecen entre profesor y estudiante-atleta durante el proceso de enseñanza del deporte de fútbol en la categoría escolar 11-12 años del Distrito #4. "Abel Santamaría" Santiago de Cuba. Materiales y métodos: A partir del diagnóstico realizado a diez profesores del equipo masculino de fútbol del centro seleccionado, se pudieron constatar las deficiencias en la asunción de procedimientos desarrolladores, reflexivos y creativos para la enseñanza de los contenidos del deporte. Para la realización de este estudio, se aplicaron métodos como: observación, encuesta y entrevista, así como la escala valorativa de Linkert para evaluar el grado de aceptación y aplicabilidad de la propuesta. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento formativo para el perfeccionamiento de la dimensión colaborativo-dialógica del profesor de fútbol en interrelación sujeto-sujeto-objeto, basado en estudios principales de autores, lo que posibilitó el fortalecimiento de la labor pedagógica en los sujetos actuantes del proceso y, por consiguiente, la transformación gradual media en el modo de actuación profesional pedagógica del profesor de fútbol durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la aplicación enfatizan la necesidad de expresión de una comunicación asertiva reflejada en un proceso continuo de negaciones y significados en la orientación conductual objetiva del profesor deportivo.

SÍNTESE Introdução: As habilidades comunicativas dialógicas constituem uma necessidade para o bom desempenho do trabalho pedagógico do professor de esporte. Entretanto, o pouco uso de ferramentas que colocam o estudante-atleta como assunto de seu próprio processo de aprendizagem ainda é um problema. Objetivo: Consistia em elaborar um procedimento de treinamento centrado na comunicação para tratar as relações estabelecidas entre professor e aluno-atleta durante o processo de ensino do esporte do futebol na categoria escolar 11-12 anos de idade no Distrito #4 "Abel Santamaría" Santiago de Cuba. Materiais e métodos: Com base no diagnóstico realizado em dez professores da equipe de futebol masculino do centro selecionado, foi possível confirmar as deficiências na assunção de procedimentos de desenvolvimento, reflexivos e criativos para o ensino do conteúdo do esporte. Para a realização deste estudo, foram aplicados os seguintes métodos: observação, pesquisa e entrevista, bem como a escala de avaliação da Linkert para avaliar o grau de aceitação e aplicabilidade da proposta. Resultados: Foi obtido um instrumento formativo para a melhoria da dimensão colaborativa-dialógica do professor de futebol na inter-relação assunto-sujeito-objeto, com base nos principais estudos dos autores, o que possibilitou o fortalecimento do trabalho pedagógico nas disciplinas de atuação do processo e, conseqüentemente, a gradual transformação média na forma de atuação pedagógica profissional do professor de futebol durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Conclusões: Os resultados da aplicação enfatizam a necessidade de expressão de comunicação assertiva refletida em um processo contínuo de negações e significados na orientação comportamental objetiva do professor de esportes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dialogic communication skills are a necessity for the good performance of the pedagogical work of the sports teacher. However, the little use of tools that place the student-athlete as a subject of their own learning process is still a problem. Objective: It consisted of developing a training procedure focused on communication to treat the relationships established between teacher and student-athlete during the process of teaching the sport of soccer in the 11-12-year-old school category of District #4. " Abel Santamaría" Santiago de Cuba. Materials and methods: From the diagnosis made to ten teachers of the male soccer team of the selected center, it was possible to verify the deficiencies in the assumption of developing, reflective and creative procedures for teaching the contents of sport. To carry out this study, methods such as: observation, survey and interview were applied, as well as the Linkert rating scale to assess the degree of acceptance and applicability of the proposal. Results: A training instrument was obtained for the improvement of the collaborative-dialogical dimension of the soccer teacher in the subject-subject-object interrelation, based on main studies of authors, which made it possible to strengthen the pedagogical work in the acting subjects of the process and, consequently, the gradual transformation in the mode of pedagogical professional performance of the soccer teacher during the teaching-learning process. Conclusions: The results of the application emphasize the need to express assertive communication reflected in a continuous process of denials and meanings in the objective behavioral orientation of the sports teacher.

Conversaciones sobre brigadas médicas cubanas en contexto de COVID-19 desde el ambiente info-comunicativo de Twitter / Conversations on Cuban medical delegations in the context of COVID-19 from the info-communicative environment on Twitter

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 modifica el ambiente info-comunicativo de los ciberusuarios. Cuba, en particular, presenta un nivel considerable de desarrollo tecnológico insertado en la plataforma social de Internet, Twitter. Este soporte desempeña un rol vertebral para el debate sobre temas relacionados a las brigadas médicas cubanas, por su enfrentamiento al virus en el ámbito internacional, que coadyuva a la conformación de una opinión global favorable. Lo planteado con anterioridad se expresa desde las conversaciones online y sus discursos en este sitio. Objetivo: Caracterizar el ambiente info-comunicativo de Twitter durante las conversaciones online sobre brigadas médicas cubanas, entre el 31 de diciembre de 2020 y el 18 de enero de 2021. Material y Métodos: Se emplea el método teórico hermenéutico, para la descripción de los resultados del procesamiento estadístico de contenido, estructura y uso en la web, correspondiente a un enfoque transdisciplinar, mediante la técnica de minería de datos y la aplicación como instrumento del algoritmo no supervisado SSA-UO para el análisis de sentimientos en Twitter. Resultados: Las características del ambiente info-comunicativo de Twitter durante las conversaciones online sobre brigadas médicas cubanas evidencian un predominio de la polaridad positiva. Conclusiones: Los retuits, las menciones y la publicación de enlaces condicionan las particularidades del debate sobre el tema en la esfera de microblogging(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic modifies the info-communicative environment of cyber users. Cuba, in particular, presents a remarkable level of technological development inserted in the Internet social platform, Twitter. This support plays a key role in the debate about issues related to the Cuban medical delegations due to their confrontation with the virus at the international level, which contributes to the formation of a favorable global opinion. The aforementioned point is expressed from the online conversations and their speeches in this site. Objective: To characterize the info-communicative environment on Twitter during the online conversations about Cuban medical brigades between December 31, 2020 and January 18, 2021. Material and Methods: The hermeneutic theoretical method is used for the description of the results of the statistical processing of content, structure and use on the Web, corresponding to a transdisciplinary approach through the application of Data Mining Technique as an instrument of the unsupervised algorithm SSA-UO for sentiment analysis on Twitter. Results: The characteristics of the info-communicative environment on Twitter during the online conversations about Cuban medical delegations evidence a predominance of positive polarity. Conclusions: Retweets, mentions and the publication of links influence the particularities of the debate on the topic in the microblogging sphere(AU)

Fundamentos teóricos sobre competencia comunicativa en el profesional de los departamentos de Atención a la Población en Salud / Theoretical foundations on communicative competence in the professional of the Health Population Attention departments

RESUMEN El presente texto tiene como objetivo exponer los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan un estudio sobre el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en el contexto del desempeño profesional de los funcionarios encargados del proceso de la atención a la población en Salud. Deriva del proyecto de investigación Estrategia metodológica para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en el contexto de la relación personal de salud-paciente, en la atención primaria; asociado al Programa Nacional de Salud Organización, eficiencia y calidad en los servicios que gestiona el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud. El estudio tuvo un carácter de investigación-acción y se desarrolló durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 2018 y febrero de 2020. El análisis documental permitió el establecimiento de los presupuestos que se asumen para incidir en el proceso del desarrollo de los conocimientos sobre las subcompetencias comunicativas como competencia profesional en función de la atención en Salud. Se revisaron las bases de datos SciELO Cuba, SciELO Regional, ClinicalKey, Cumed, Lilacs, así como los sitios web Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Organización Mundial de la Salud.

ABSTRACT The objective of this text is to present the theoretical foundations that support a study on the development of communicative competence in the context of the professional performance of the officials in charge of the process of caring for the population in Health. It derives from the research project Methodological strategy for the development of communicative competence in the context of the health personal-patient relationship, in primary care; associated with the National Health Program Organization, efficiency and quality in the services managed by the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health. The study had an action-research nature and was developed during the period between March 2018 and February 2020. The documentary analysis allowed the establishment of the assumptions that are assumed to influence the process of developing knowledge about communicative subcompetencies as professional competence in terms of health care. The databases SciELO Cuba, SciELO Regional, ClinicalKey, Cumed, Lilacs, as well as the websites of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization were reviewed.

Uso de casos clínicos en inglés como herramienta para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa profesional / The use of clinical cases in english as a tool for developing professional communicative competence

Introducción: En el contexto del dominio del inglés no todos los egresados satisfacen las exigencias de un profesional competente desde el punto de vista comunicativo. Ante tales evidencias, en los cursos de posgrados se han buscados otras vías para profundizar en el inglés de la especialidad, que permitan perfeccionar la competencia comunicativa profesional. Objetivo: Exponer algunas consideraciones sobre el uso de los casos clínicos en inglés como herramienta para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa profesional. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana en el primer semestre del curso académico 2020-2021. La información se obtuvo mediante métodos teóricos de análisis, y síntesis de revisiones bibliográficas y documentales sobre el tema. Resultados: El uso de casos clínicos en inglés propició el enriquecimiento del vocabulario técnico de la especialidad; y estimuló el empleo de sinónimos relacionados con el lenguaje estomatológico, y la diferencia entre el lenguaje del estomatólogo y del paciente. Además, se diseñó una guía didáctica en inglés con el vocabulario utilizado para la presentación de casos clínicos que sirve como material de consulta para los estomatólogos y profesores que imparten inglés con fines específicos. Conclusiones: Sin lugar a dudas, el uso de casos clínicos con todas las discusiones que genera, ayuda a desarrollar la competencia comunicativa profesional en inglés(AU)

Introduction: In the context of mastering English, not all graduates meet the demands of a professional who is competent from a communication point of view. With such evidence, in postgraduate courses other ways have been sought to deepen the English of the specialty, which allows perfecting professional communicative competence. Objective: To present some considerations about the use of clinical cases in English as a tool for developing professional communicative competence. Methods: Descriptive study carried out at the Dental School of Havana during the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The information was obtained through theoretical methods of analysis, as well as synthesis of bibliographic and documental reviews on the subject. Results: The use of clinical cases in English led to the enrichment of the technical vocabulary of the specialty. It stimulated the use of synonyms related to the dental terminology, and the difference between the language of the dental doctor and the patient. In addition, a didactic guide in English was designed with the vocabulary used for the presentation of clinical cases, which serves as reference material for dental doctors and professors who teach English for specific purposes. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, the use of clinical cases with all the discussions that it generates, helps develop professional communicative competence in English(AU)

Proceso enseñanza aprendizaje del pregrado en Atención Primaria de Salud durante el primer enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 / Teaching learning process in first health care attention during the first attempt to face covid-19

RESUMEN Introducción: Las universidades médicas cubanas enfrentan el desafío, en medio de la pandemia de COVID-19, de mantener la formación de recursos humanos y apoyar directamente las acciones para evitar el contagio de la población. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje durante la integración de estudiantes de las carreras de la Salud a la Atención Primaria en la lucha contra la COVID-19 Método: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal de marzo a julio del 2020 en el municipio Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. Además se recopiló información de archivos del Departamento Docente y de Higiene Municipal. Fueron insertados 305 estudiantes y 15 profesores en 44 consultorios, previo análisis contextual se implementó modificaciones en las estrategias didácticas para la educación a distancia a través de uso de datos en telefonía móvil empleando aplicación whatsapp. Resultados: Con predominio de métodos asincrónicos, se logró mantener un flujo informativo y actualizado de las estadísticas necesarias para los partes diarios, la información sobre diferentes asignaturas, estado de salud de los alumnos y profesores, se fortaleció el trabajo político ideológico al contrarrestar la infodemia y otras campañas de desinformación al establecer vínculos con otros grupos administrados por la FEU y el grupo de comunicadores de la Universidad. Conclusiones: La respuesta dinámica del claustro con inserción de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones durante la labor de pesquisa permitió dar continuidad al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y la obtención de resultados exitosos en el primer enfrentamiento a la pandemia en el municipio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuban Medical Universities, 2019-2020 course faces the challenge that, through the COVID-19 pandemic, the formation of human resources had to be maintained as well as to support directly actions to avoid the population contagious. Objective: To describe the teaching learning process development during the integration of health careers students to the primary health care attention in the battle against COVID-19. Method: In Santo Domingo, from March to July 2020it was developed a transversal descriptive study, information was collected from archives of the teaching and the municipal hygiene departments. In 44medical offices were inserted 305 students and 15 professors, previous contextual analysis it were implemented modifications on the didactics strategies for distance learning education by means of data on mobile phones using in this case the whatsapp application. Results: With the predominance of asynchrony methods, it was maintain the information process and the updating of the necessary statistics for the daily reports, different subjects orientations, students and professors health status, was strengthen the ideological and political work facing Infodemia and other fake information campaigns, helped by other groups too administered by FEU and the group of communicators from the university. Conclusions: The dynamic answer from the group of teachers with the insertion of communication and information technologies during the searching procedure made possible to continue the teaching learning process getting sucessful results during the first attempt to face COVID-19 in Santo Domingo municipality.

Technological devices for developing the oral communicative competence in the English language / Dispositivos tecnológicos para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en lengua inglesa

ABSTRACT Background: The use of technologies for developing the oral communicative competence in the English language constitutes an effective tool for the communicative exchange among people supported by the benefits of using the technological devices in the foreign languages students' initial training process. Objective: To implement didactic procedures for the development of the oral communicative competence in the English language through the efficient use of technological devices. Methodology: A pre-experiment was applied from September 2018 to July 2019 in Foreign Languages Major from José Martí University. The sample was composed of 18 students from first year class. Six professors participated in the research process, who taught Integrated English Practice I and II subjects. Results: The initial diagnosis confirmed the low level of the proposed indicators and an insufficient integration of the technological devices for the development of the oral communicative competence in the English language. The implemented didactic procedures were effective; the results were corroborated in the final stage of the research process. Conclusions: The integration of the technological devices on Integrated English Practice I and II courses contributed to the efficient development of the oral communicative competence in the English language.

RESUMEN Fundamento: El uso de las tecnologías para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en lengua inglesa constituye un efectivo medio que favorece el intercambio comunicativo a partir de los beneficios del empleo de dispositivos tecnológicos en el proceso de formación inicial de estudiantes de Lenguas Extranjeras. Objetivo: Implementar procedimientos didácticos para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral en lengua inglesa a través del uso de dispositivos tecnológicos. Metodología: Se realizó un pre experimento a 18 estudiantes del 1.er año de la carrera Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad José Martí en el período de septiembre 2018 a julio 2019, participaron 6 profesores que impartieron las asignaturas Práctica Integral de la Lengua Inglesa I y II. Resultados: En el diagnóstico inicial se observó en los estudiantes bajo nivel en los indicadores planteados e insuficiente integración de dispositivos tecnológicos en las clases de Práctica Integral de la lengua Inglesa I y II como vía para contribuir al desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa oral. Los procedimientos didácticos implementados fueron efectivos, lo que se constató en el diagnóstico final. Conclusiones: La integración de dispositivos tecnológicos en las asignaturas Práctica Integral de la Lengua Inglesa I y II contribuyó al desarrollo eficiente de la competencia comunicativa oral en esta lengua extranjera.

O agir pedagógico na construção do apoio matricial: caminhos possíveis no compartilhamento do cuidado / The pedagogical action in the construction of matrix support: possible paths in the sharing of care

O apoio matricial se configura como uma retaguarda assistencial e pedagógica, de perspectiva interdisciplinar, facilitadora da articulação entre saberes e práticas pela interprofissionalidade, se aproximando dos problemas de saúde e sua complexidade atribuídas ao campo da saúde coletiva. A sua materialização constitui-se como um desafio as equipes da Atenção Básica em Saúde (ABS), sobretudo pela dificuldade em estabelecer níveis colaborativos que promovam, efetivamente, a cogestão do cuidado compartilhado. Defende-se, que o apoio matricial na perspectiva da Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS) pode ser um diferencial nesse processo, transformando os saberes e as práticas dos profissionais de saúde e contribuindo para a qualificação da ABS. Neste sentido, delineou-se como objetivo para este estudo, analisar a dimensão pedagógica do apoio matricial, a partir dos saberes e práticas das equipes do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) do Município de Paraíba do Sul/ RJ, considerando os princípios da EPS e sua contribuição para a qualificação da ABS. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa participante, de natureza qualitativa, realizada a partir da realidade vivenciada pelos trabalhadores da ABS. A interação com os trabalhadores ocorreu no período de setembro a dezembro de 2019, com adesão de 32 profissionais das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e NASF. A coleta de dados se deu de forma participativa e integrada, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada de autopreenchimento, duas oficinas utilizando a técnica de World Café, e pela observação participante do trabalho interativo entre as equipes, pelo apoio matricial. A análise dos dados foi feita a luz da hermenêutica dialética, através da qual foi possível confirmar a tese de que o apoio matricial desenvolvido na perspectiva da EPS transforma saberes e práticas, contribuindo para a qualificação da ABS. Constatou-se que o reconhecimento e a articulação entre os saberes científico e popular precisam estar alinhados com a realidade de vida da população adscrita ao território, como um processo sistêmico, e organicamente complexo, para a concretização do diálogo e do compartilhamento efetivo; Que a dimensão pedagógica do apoio matricial tem a propriedade de um agir pedagógico capaz de transformar os saberes e as práticas profissionais por meio da ação crítica característica da EPS; E que, de fato, as transformações ocorridas em todas as etapas do processo de trabalho no âmbito da ABS, promovidas pela materialização do apoio matricial, contribuem para o aumento da resolutividade, qualificando este nível de atenção no Sistema Único de saúde (SUS). Conclui-se que a EPS apresenta subsídios promissores para a concretização do apoio matricial, apontando o diálogo, o compartilhamento de saberes, a problematização, a empatia e os processos populares e democráticos como caminhos possíveis a cogestão do cuidado.

Matrix support is configured as an assistential and pedagogical backing, with an interdisciplinary perspective, facilitating the articulation between knowledge and practices through interprofessionality, approaching the health problems and their complexity attributed to the field of public health. Its materialization constitutes a challenge for the Primary Health Care (ABS) teams, mainly due to the difficulty in establishing collaborative levels that effectively promote the co-management of shared care. It is argued that matrix support from the perspective of Popular Education in Health (EPS) can be a differential in this process, transforming the knowledge and practices of health professionals and contributing to the qualification of ABS. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the pedagogical dimension of matrix support, based on the knowledge and practices of the teams at the Family Health Support Center (NASF) in the city of Paraíba do Sul / RJ, considering the principles of EPS and its contribution to the qualification of ABS. It is, therefore, a participatory research, of a qualitative nature, carried out based on the reality experienced by ABS workers. The interaction with workers occurred from September to December 2019, with the participation of 32 professionals from the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and NASF teams. Data collection took place in a participatory and integrated way, through a semi-structured self-completed interview, two workshops using the World Café technique, and through the participant observation of the interactive work between the teams, by the matrix support. Data analysis was carried out in the light of dialectical hermeneutics, through which it was possible to confirm the thesis that the matrix support developed from the perspective of EPS transforms knowledge and practices, contributing to the qualification of ABS. It was found that the recognition and articulation between scientific and popular knowledge need to be aligned with the reality of life of the population assigned to the territory, as a systemic, and organically complex process, for the realization of dialogue and effective sharing; That the pedagogical dimension of matrix support has the property of a pedagogical action capable of transforming professional knowledge and practices through the critical action characteristic of EPS; And that, in fact, the changes that occurred in all stages of the work process within the scope of ABS, promoted by the materialization of matrix support, contribute to the increase in resolvability, qualifying this level of care in the Unified Health System (SUS). It is concluded that the EPS presents promising subsidies for the realization of matrix support, pointing to dialogue, knowledge sharing, problematization, empathy and popular and democratic processes as possible ways to co-manage care.

Curso de Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural a través del inglés en la Educación Médica Posgraduada / Course of Intercultural Communicative Competence through English in Postgraduate Medical Education

Introducción: Se presenta el diseño de un curso para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) a través del inglés en la Educación Médica Posgraduada. Objetivo: Valorar el diseño del curso, teniendo en cuenta principios de los enfoques histórico-cultural y comunicativo, en que se sustenta. Material y Métodos: La población y muestra varía según objetivos y métodos empleados, se consultaron informantes claves (especialista y director de postgrado, docentes de posgrado y profesionales de la salud que han cumplido misión en países de habla inglesa). Las indagaciones empíricas se realizaron a través de entrevistas a profundidad, encuestas, observación del desempeño y revisiones documentales. Para la interpretación de los resultados se emplearon el análisis y la síntesis, la inducción y la deducción. Resultados: Se muestra la pertinencia de los sustentos seleccionados como fundamentación teórica del curso, los objetivos, contenidos y metodología, en particular las tareas docentes que estimulan el aprendizaje significativo de los participantes. Se brindan indicadores de desarrollo de la CCI que fueron esenciales para la determinación de los contenidos. Conclusiones: El diseño del Curso: Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural a través del inglés en la Educación Médica Posgraduada, revela una relación lógica entre su fundamentación teórica y todos sus componentes didácticos, resaltando la importancia de las exigencias de las tareas docentes y sus potencialidades para desarrollar la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural y responder a las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas(AU)

Introduction: The design of a course for the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) through English in Postgraduate Medical Education is presented. Objective: To assess the design of the course taking into account the principles of the historical, cultural and communicative approaches on which it is based. Material and Methods: The population and sample varies according to the objectives and methods used. Key informants were consulted (one specialist and one postgraduate director, postgraduate teachers and health professionals who have fulfilled missions in English-speaking countries). Empirical inquiries were made through in-depth interviews, surveys, performance observation and documentary reviews. For the interpretation of results, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. Results: The relevance of the selected aspects as the theoretical foundation of the course, objectives, contents and methodology, particularly the teaching tasks that stimulate the significant learning of the participants are shown. ICC development indicators that were essential for content determination are provided. Conclusions: The course design related to Intercultural Communicative Competence through English in Postgraduate Medical Education reveals a logical relationship between its theoretical foundation and all its didactic components, highlighting the importance of the demands of teaching tasks and their potential to develop Intercultural Communicative Competence and respond to identified learning needs(AU)

El vocabulario productivo y su relación con la gramática en niños hablantes de castellano peruano entre los 16 y los 30 meses / Productive vocabulary and its relationship with grammar in Spanish-speaking children from 16 to 30 months of age

Resumen Se examinaron datos provenientes de la evaluación del lenguaje de 104 niños con edades entre 16 y 30 meses residentes en Lima con una versión preliminar de la adaptación de la Forma II de los reportes parentales MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) al español del Perú. Se analizó el léxico productivo a partir de la lista de palabras del reporte y se realizaron análisis de regresión para evaluar si el nivel de vocabulario contribuía a predecir el desarrollo gramatical de los niños, empleando como variables de control la edad del niño y el nivel de escolarización materna (como indicador del nivel socioeconómico) y como variables dependientes la longitud media de los tres enunciados más largos (LME3) y la complejidad morfosintáctica (CM), obtenidas con el CDI. Los sustantivos fueron la clase de palabras más frecuente y que más aumentó con la edad, como en el italiano (Caselli et al., 1995; D'Odorico y Fasolo, 2007) y el español mexicano (Jackson-Maldonado et al., 1993). Además, el nivel de vocabulario predijo el nivel de desarrollo gramatical, como en el español peninsular (Mariscal y Gallego, 2012) y en el mexicano (Thal, Jackson-Maldonado y Acosta, 2000): una vez controlados los efectos de la edad y la escolarización materna, el vocabulario explicó el 20 % de la variabilidad de la LME3 y el 37 % de la variabilidad de la CM. Este estudio ofrece información sobre el desarrollo temprano del vocabulario y la gramática en el español del Perú, una etapa escasamente estudiada en esta variedad.

Abstract We present results from the analysis of data from 104 children with ages ranging from 16 to 30 months, living in Lima, Peru. The data was collected using a preliminary version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), Form II, adapted to Peruvian Spanish. The CDIs are parental reports that assess language through the presentation of a series of items to the parents, mainly in the form of a checklist. We aimed to (1) describe the composition of Peruvian children's productive lexicon at this age, (2) identify whether nouns were the most frequent class in their vocabulary, and also the class which increased the most with age, as is the case in Italian (Caselli et al., 1995; D'Odorico y Fasolo, 2007) and Mexican Spanish (Jackson-Maldonado et al., 1993); and (3) assess whether vocabulary size explained the level of grammatical development as in Peninsular and Mexican Spanish (Mariscal & Gallego, 2012; Thal, Jackson-Maldonado & Acosta, 2000). In order to do so, we analyzed the following data: age; maternal education level (as an indicator of socioeconomic status); vocabulary (represented by a list of more than 500 words that parents recognized as produced or not by their children); the mean length of the three longest utterances produced by the child as reported by parents; and sentence complexity, a measure of the level of structures produced by the child based on the parent's report. To achieve the first and second goals, words in the vocabulary list were classified according to grammatical class. Then, the percentage of production of each class of words was calculated, as well as the correlation between this percentage and age. Children's vocabulary was composed mainly of nouns, which represented 57 % of the production, followed by predicates (verbs and adjectives) and function words (pronouns, determiners, prepositions, conjunctions and connectives). Noun was the class of words that increased the most with age, showing the highest correlation with such variable (r = .72). Correlations between other types of words and age varied: it was also high for adjectives; but moderate for some classes and low for others. This showed that each type of word increased at different rates. Regarding the third goal, to assess the relationship between vocabulary size and level of grammatical development, two regression analyses were conducted to predict the variables mean-length-of-the-three-longest-utterances and sentence-complexity. For both analyses, age and maternal education level were entered in the first step, in order to control for their effect; and vocabulary was entered in the second step. Both models accounted for substantial amounts of variance and showed an important effect on vocabulary. The model with the mean-length-of-the-three-longest-utterances as the dependent variable accounted for 56 % of the variance. The first step explained 37 % of the variance (due to the contribution of both age and maternal education level), and the second step explained an additional 20 %. The model with sentence-complexity accounted for a higher percentage of the variance, 75 %. The first step explained 38 % of the variance, exclusively due to age; while the second step explained an additional 37 %. These results suggest a strong relationship between vocabulary and grammar. Further research is needed to confirm these results with direct measures of child production and more representative samples of children acquiring Peruvian Spanish, including speakers of dialects of other parts of the country. However, these results, preliminary as they are, shed light on the composition of vocabulary and its relationship with grammar in a variety of Spanish scarcely studied during early stages of development.

Interacción comunicativa en salud. Comprensión de conceptos mínimos en pacientes oncológicos que asisten al Centro Asistencial Barros Luco (CAB / Communicative interaction in health. Compression of minimal concepts in cancer patients attending the Barros Luco Healthcare Center (CABL)

El presente estudio se centra en la importancia que tiene la interacción comunicativa entre médico y paciente durante el tratamiento del cáncer. El peso de la interacción recae en la comunicación efectiva desarrollada en las prácticas lingüísticas dentro de la medicina clínica. Aquí se aborda la comunicación en salud y se explica el grado de comprensión que el paciente oncológico tiene en torno a cuatro conceptos elementales: cáncer, metástasis, tipos de tumores y tipos de terapia, los que se expresaron para ellos en tres tipos de definiciones: técnica, acomodada y coloquial. Para esto se aplicó una encuesta sociolingüística mixta a 50 pacientes en el Hospital Barros Luco, en donde se observó que más del 50% de los pacientes comprende toda la información cuando esta se explica de manera técnica y, más del 70% incluso 80% comprende toda la información cuando se explica de una manera acomodada a la valoración del contexto, situación e interlocutores. Los resultados también indican que los médicos, según los pacientes entrevistados, explican con un lenguaje de código cerrado y, en ocasiones, simplemente no entregan la información. Según los resultados se puede concluir que la información previa junto con la experiencia comunicativa, entendida como una práctica social, ayudan a construir y representar una nueva realidad sociolingüística que coopera para que los pacientes oncológicos logren entender la información verbal, así como también el nuevo contexto social en el que se encuentran.

The present study focuses on the importance of the communicative interaction between doctor and patient during cancer treat-ment. The weight of the interaction falls on the effective communication developed in linguistic practices within clinical medicine. Here, health communication is addressed, and the degree of understanding that the cancer patient has around four elementary concepts been explained: cancer, metastasis, types of tumors, and types of therapy, which were expressed for them in three types of definitions: technical, well-off and colloquial. For this, a mixed sociolinguistic survey was applied to 50 patients at the Barros Luco Hospital, where it was observed that more than 50% of patients understand all the information when it is explained tech-nically, and more than 70% even 80% understand all the information when it is explained in a way adapted to the assessment of the context, situation, and interlocutors. The results also indicate that the doctors, according to the patients interviewed, explain with a closed code language and sometimes, simply do not provide the information. According to the results, it can be concluded that the previous information together with the communicative experience, understood as a social practice, help to build and represent a new sociolinguistic reality that cooperates so that cancer patients can understand verbal information, as well as the new context social where they are.

Comunicación de Enfermería con el adulto mayor o su cuidador en una comunidad del Municipio 10 de Octubre, 2018 / Communication in nursing care with elderly people or their caregivers in a community of 10 de Octubre Municipality, 2018

Introducción: Vivir la mayor cantidad de años posibles con mejor calidad de vida es interpretada como un logro de la sociedad moderna en lo económico, social y de las políticas públicas, pero resulta también una fuente de conflictos Objetivo: conocer las percepciones que sobre la comunicación de los profesionales de enfermería poseen los adultos mayores/cuidadores en la comunidad donde reciben los cuidados. Material y método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo. Se emplearon método histórico-lógico, la entrevista a seis adultos mayores y cinco cuidadores. Se transcribió textualmente la información y las voces del discurso fueron codificadas. Se recoge información relacionada con la edad, escolaridad, convivencia de la persona mayor y la comunicación de enfermería. Resultados: Se identificaron elementos mediadores que favorecen o no la comunicación y se identifican dificultades en el proceso de comunicación en familiares/cuidadores y enfermeros; como principales proveedores de cuidados se encuentran las mujeres de la propia familia del adulto mayor que comparten las labores de cuidado con las tareas domésticas lo que comprime el tiempo dedicado a la comunicación. Conclusiones: Se verifica la necesidad de una nueva mirada de la comunicación como elemento esencial del cuidado al adulto mayor desde el punto de vista social y sanitario si consideramos que las mujeres suelen hacer labores que son invisibilizadas y poco reconocidas socialmente que refuerzan las desigualdades de género en el uso del tiempo y en los cuidados que se proveen durante el envejecimiento(AU)

Introduction: Living as much and as well as possible is interpreted as an achievement of modern society in the economic and social public policies; however, it is also a source of conflicts. Objective: To know the perceptions of elderly people or their caregivers on the communication in nursing care in the community where they are assisted. Material and Method: A qualitative study was conducted. The historical-logical method was used and six elderly people and five caregivers were interviewed. The information was literally transcribed and the speeches were encoded. The information related to age, schooling, elderly coexistence and communication in nursing care was collected. Results: Elements of mediation that favor the communication or not and the difficulties in the communication process between family members, caregivers and nurses were identified. The main care providers are women who are family members caring for elderly people that are involved in domestic and caring tasks, which reduces the time dedicated to communication. Conclusions: The need for a new look at communication as a key element in elderly care is assessed from a social and health point of view considering that women tend to perform tasks that are invisible and little recognized socially, which reinforces gender inequalities in the use of time and the care provided during aging(AU)

O papel da argumentação em processos deliberativos nas instâncias de controle social do Sistema Único de Saúde / Role of argumentation in deliberative processes in social control instances of the Brazilian National Health System / El papel de la argumentación en procesos deliberativos en las instancias de control social del Sistema Brasileño de Salud

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir teoricamente o papel da argumentação nos processos deliberativos que se dão no interior das instâncias colegiadas de controle social do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Baseia-se em uma leitura dos processos de participação social em saúde a partir da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo e localiza a deliberação pública dentro de um arcabouço dialógico de oferecer e receber razões para justificar posições a partir de argumentos. Defende-se que a argumentação é constitutiva da deliberação na medida em que a qualidade da primeira influencia a qualidade da segunda. Apresentam-se duas grandes correntes contemporâneas da teoria da argumentação, a Pragma-Dialética e a Nova Retórica. Defende-se uma combinação das duas abordagens como ferramenta para a compreensão dos determinantes comunicativos da deliberação e, consequentemente, para melhor entendimento das escolhas feitas no processo de formulação e implantação de políticas públicas de saúde.(AU)

This article aims at theoretically discussing the role of argumentation in deliberative processes that occur in social control board instances of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). Social health participation processes were analyzed based on the Theory of Communicative Action. This article considers public deliberation under a dialogic framework of providing and receiving reasons to justify opinions based on arguments. We support that argumentation is part of deliberation, since the quality of the former influences the quality of the latter. Two great contemporary currents of the Argumentation Theory are presented: Pragma-Dialectics and New Rhetoric. We argue that a combination of both approaches helps understand deliberation's communicative determinants and consequently further understand the choices made in the process of creation and implementation of public health policies.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir teóricamente el papel de la argumentación en los procesos deliberativos que se realizan en el interior de las instancias colegiadas de control social del Sitema Brasileño de Salud (SUS). Se basa en una lectura de los procesos de participación social en salud a partir de la Teoría del Actuar Comunicativo y localiza la deliberación pública dentro de una estructura dialógica de ofrecer y recibir razones para justificar posiciones a partir de argumentos. Se defiende que la argumentación es constitutiva de la deliberación en la medida en que la calidad de la primera influye sobre la calidad de la segunda. Se presentan dos grandes corrientes contemporáneas de la teoría de la argumentación, la Pragma-dialéctica y la Nueva Retórica. Se defiende una combinación de los dos abordajes como herramienta para la comprensión de los determinantes comunicativos de la deliberación y, consecuentemente, para un mejor entendimiento de las elecciones realizadas en el proceso de formulación e implantación de políticas públicas de salud.(AU)

Prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria en profesores de Ciencias Médicas / Communicative practices of university extension in professors of the Medical Sciences

Introducción: Las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria de los profesores permiten integrar coherentemente las funciones sustantivas de la universidad; así como el cumplimiento de la misión social de la Educación Superior. Deben ser objeto de especial atención, al igual que las mediaciones presentes en este proceso. Objetivos: Caracterizar las prácticas comunicativas de extensión universitaria y determinar las mediaciones presentes en las prácticas comunicativas de los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Material y Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo con estudio de caso único inclusivo, con profesores de Medicina, Enfermería y Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana durante 2018 y 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión con profesores y estudiantes. Resultados: Se evidenció predominio del paradigma biologicista, de una comunicación transmisiva, de niveles bajos de participación, y una concepción distorsionada de la extensión universitaria. En estos aspectos median factores socioculturales, profesionales y sociales. Conclusiones: El enfrentamiento sistemático a resistencias culturales y la aplicación consecuente de la concepción inherente a un elevado nivel de participación, permitirá avanzar paulatinamente en la aplicación por los profesores, de prácticas comunicativas extensionistas más eficaces(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Communicative practices of university extension carried out by the professors contribute decisively to a coherent integration of the essential functions in higher education. These practices comply with the social mission of higher education and should deserve special attention, as well as the mediations that are present in this process. Objectives: To characterize the communicative practices of university extension and to determine the mediations of the communicative practices of the professors of university extension in the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Material and Methods: A qualitative descriptive research was conducted with a single, inclusive case study that included professors of Medicine, Nursing, and Dentistry of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana between 2018 and 2019. Individual interviews and discussion groups were carried out with professors and students. Results: A predominance of a biologic paradigm of transmissive communication with low levels of participation and a distorted conception of university extension was evidenced. It was also determined that sociocultural, professional, and social factors influence upon these aspects. Conclusions: The systematic confrontation with cultural resistance and consequent application of the conception linked with a higher level of participation will allow to move progressively toward the implementation of more efficient communicative extension practices by the professors(AU)

Vocal training technology for children with delayed psychoverbal development

The relevance of this research is based on the fact that delayed psychoverbal development is very common is very common in modern children. The problems caused by delayed psychoverbal development accompany many pathologies connected with the development of the nervous system. Therefore, the issues of providing help and training to such children are becoming increasingly relevant both in Russian and foreign pedagogy. The article looks at some aspects of the vocal training technology used in work with children who have delays in psychoverbal development in order to improve the level of their cognitive and communicative skills, develop their thinking, speech, memory and empathy and overcome psychological difficulties. Research methods include theoretical works by Russian psychologists and a pedagogical experiment in vocal training of children with health problems.

Aproximações entre governança colaborativa e ação comunicativa: uma proposta analítica de estudo / Aproximaciones entre gobernanza colaborativa y acción comunicativa: una propuesta analítica de estudio / Intersections between collaborative governance and communicative action: an analytical proposal

Resumo Pode-se dizer que os esforços do gerencialismo não conseguiram apresentar grandes mudanças nos padrões das relações entre Estado centralizador e sociedade. Com isso em vista, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor uma abordagem analítica, a partir das aproximações entre governança colaborativa (GC) e teoria da ação comunicativa (TAC), para investigar práticas de colaboração comunicativa (CC) entre Estado e sociedade. Na busca pelas intersecções entre os pressupostos teóricos da GC e da TAC, identificaram-se quatro constructos teóricos para um cenário colaborativo: a) multiplicidade de atores; b) interdependência; c) processo deliberativo inclusivo; e d) busca pelo consenso. Os achados do estado da arte da GC e das obras clássicas habermasianas demonstraram que os pressupostos de uma CC viabilizam ambientes propícios a uma participação social inclusiva. Discute-se que é possível construir espaços propícios a uma CC entre Estado e sociedade, onde haja igualdade de participação entre os interessados, na busca por um entendimento compartilhado capaz de apontar soluções práticas para problemas públicos.

Resumen Los esfuerzos del gerencialismo no pudieron presentar grandes cambios en los patrones de las relaciones entre Estado centralizador y sociedad. El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un enfoque analítico, a partir de las aproximaciones entre la gobernanza colaborativa (GC) y la teoría de la acción comunicativa (TAC), para la investigación de prácticas de colaboración comunicativa (CC) entre Estado y sociedad. En la búsqueda por las intersecciones de los presupuestos teóricos de la GC y de la TAC, se identificaron cuatro constructos teóricos para un escenario colaborativo: multiplicidad de actores, interdependencia, proceso deliberativo inclusivo y búsqueda del consenso. Los hallazgos de las obras clásidas de Habermasian y de vanguardia de GC demostraron que los supuestos de CC permiten entornos propicios para la participación social inclusiva. Se discute que es posible construir espacios propicios a una CC entre Estado y sociedad, donde haya igualdad de participación entre los interesados, en la búsqueda de un entendimiento compartido capaz de apuntar soluciones prácticas para problemas públicos.

Abstract The New Public Management failed to present significant changes in the patterns of relations between the centralizing state and society. This research proposes an analytical approach based on the interactions between collaborative governance (CG) and communicative action theory (CAT), in order to study communicative collaboration (CC) practices involving the state and society. When looking for intersections among the theoretical assumptions in CG and CAT, the study identified four theoretical constructs that contribute to a collaborative scenario: multiplicity of actors, interdependence, inclusive deliberative process, and seeking consensus. The findings based on cutting-edge CG theory and on Habermas' classic works demonstrate that CC assumptions enable environments conducive to inclusive social participation. The article argues that it is possible to build spaces conducive to communicative collaboration between the state and society, where there is equal participation among actors seeking shared understanding leading to practical solutions to public problems.