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The use and knowledge of native and naturalized medicinal plants were evaluated in four communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. The information was obtained through semi - structured surveys conducted with 1 18 people of different age and gender categories. To determine the most important plant species, indexes of value and frequency of use were generated. Seventy - nine species of 49 families were recorded, as well as their use in the treatment of various disea ses according to local knowledge. The species with the highest value of use were Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) and Psidium guajava L. (guava). (guava). The most important families by number of specie s used were, in order of importance: Asteraceae and Rutaceae with five species Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae with four species each.
Se evaluaron el uso y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales nativas y naturalizadas en cuatro comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. La información se obtuvo a través de encuestas semiestructuradas realizadas a 118 personas de distintas categorías de edad y género. Para determinar las especies de plantas más importantes se generaron índices de valor y frecuencia de uso. Se registraron 79 especies de 49 familias, así como su uso en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades de acuerdo al conocimiento local. Las especies con mayor valor de uso fueron Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (sábila), Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca) y Psidium guajava L. (guayaba). Las familias más importantes por el número de especies utilizadas fueron, en orden de importancia: Asteraceae y Rutaceae con cinco especies, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae y Rosaceae con cuatro especies cada una.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Ethnopharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Surveys and Questionnaires , Knowledge , MexicoABSTRACT
Background@#As social media continue to grow as popular and convenient tools for acquiring and disseminating health information, the need to investigate its utilization by laypersons encountering common medical issues becomes increasingly essential. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to analyze the content posted in Facebook groups for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and how these engage the members of the group. @*Methods@#This study employed an inductive content analysis of user-posted content in both public and private Facebook groups catering specifically to G6PD deficiency. The G6PD Facebook groups with 10 or more posts within the past 12 months were selected for this study. Data were harvested from posts and comments using ExportComment. @*Results@#A total of 46 G6PD-related Facebook groups were identified. Of which, 19 were public and 27 were private groups, with an average membership of 5000-6000 accounts. After eligibility based on criteria and authorization for private groups, 3 public and 3 private groups were included, with the majority of these groups focused on sharing information. Five main themes of posted content were identified: diagnosis, management, beliefs, psychosocial factors, and medical requirements. “Diagnosis”-related posts referred to conversations about the causes and symptoms of G6PD, “management” referred to medication or diet, “beliefs” involved traditional or lay perceptions, “psychosocial factors” referred to posts that disclosed how psychosocial factors influenced G6PD deficiency practices, and “medical requirements” referred to documentation regarding the condition. The bulk of these posts used three strategies for communication: information-requesting, self-disclosure, and promotion of products/services. Information requests were the most common. @*Conclusion@#The results of the study showed opportunities and challenges in health education on G6PD, especially in evaluating the credibility and accuracy of the information given and received. Looking at the content and manner of communicating information noted, the newborn screening program may improve its advocacy and education campaign, and may develop targeted educational materials and effective dissemination strategies that could clarify, explain, or refute information and beliefs mostly shared on these platforms.
Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency , Self-Help GroupsABSTRACT
Abstract In northern central Chile, ephemeral pools constitute shallow isolated water bodies with a favourable habitat for fauna adapted to seasonal changes. Based on the limited knowledge about the faunaparticularly insectsassociated to these ecosystems, the objective of this study was to characterize the richness, composition, structure and similarity of the insect communities associated with ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29º S, Coquimbo Region, Chile). By using pitfall traps, 10,762 individuals were captured, represented by 7 orders, 27 families, and 51 species. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the best represented orders, with Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Plecoptera being poorly represented groups. The non-parametric estimators evaluated showed wealth values above those observed for all the studied pools, and their accumulation curves suggest the existence of an incomplete species inventory in the studied community. Additionally, the hierarchical and ordering analysis showed groupings of pools located in the northwest and southeast of Huentelauquén. Preliminarily we found a negative correlation between the area of the pools and the richness (species) and abundance of insects. Additional studies (on other arthropod groups and other seasons of the year) could provide a better understanding of the local processes of extinction and colonization of the species inhabiting these fragile coastal environments.
Resumo No norte central do Chile, lagoas efêmeras constituem corpos de água isolados e pouco profundos, com um habitat favorável para a fauna adaptada as mudanças sazonais que as zonas úmidas estão sujeitas. Com relação a estes ecossistemas, sabe-se pouco sobre sua fauna, principalmente a de insetos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a riqueza, composição, estrutura e similaridade das comunidades de insetos que habitam as lagoas temporárias de Huentelauquén (29º S, Região de Coquimbo, Chile). Usando armadilhas de interceptação, se capturou um total de 10.762 indivíduos, pertencentes a 7 ordens, 27 famílias e 51 espécies. Coleoptera e Hymenoptera foram as ordens mais representativas, enquanto Neuroptera, Orthoptera e Plecoptera foram grupos pouco representativos. Os estimadores não paramétricos avaliados mostraram valores de riqueza superiores ao observados para todas as lagoas estudadas, e suas curvas de acumulação parecem indicar que o inventario da comunidade estudada está incompleto. A análise hierárquica e de ordenamento revelou agrupamentos de lagoas correspondentes a zona nordeste e sudeste de Huentelauquén. Preliminarmente encontramos uma correlação negativa entre a área de lagoas efêmeras e a riqueza (espécies) e abundância de insetos. É necessário realizar estudos adicionais (sobre outros grupos de artrópodes e em outras estações do ano) para melhor compreensão dos processos locais de extinção e colonização das espécies que habitam estes frágeis ambientes costeiros estudados.
ABSTRACT
Abstract In northern central Chile, ephemeral pools constitute shallow isolated water bodies with a favourable habitat for fauna adapted to seasonal changes. Based on the limited knowledge about the fauna—particularly insects—associated to these ecosystems, the objective of this study was to characterize the richness, composition, structure and similarity of the insect communities associated with ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29º S, Coquimbo Region, Chile). By using pitfall traps, 10,762 individuals were captured, represented by 7 orders, 27 families, and 51 species. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the best represented orders, with Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Plecoptera being poorly represented groups. The non-parametric estimators evaluated showed wealth values above those observed for all the studied pools, and their accumulation curves suggest the existence of an incomplete species inventory in the studied community. Additionally, the hierarchical and ordering analysis showed groupings of pools located in the northwest and southeast of Huentelauquén. Preliminarily we found a negative correlation between the area of the pools and the richness (species) and abundance of insects. Additional studies (on other arthropod groups and other seasons of the year) could provide a better understanding of the local processes of extinction and colonization of the species inhabiting these fragile coastal environments.
Resumo No norte central do Chile, lagoas efêmeras constituem corpos de água isolados e pouco profundos, com um habitat favorável para a fauna adaptada as mudanças sazonais que as zonas úmidas estão sujeitas. Com relação a estes ecossistemas, sabe-se pouco sobre sua fauna, principalmente a de insetos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a riqueza, composição, estrutura e similaridade das comunidades de insetos que habitam as lagoas temporárias de Huentelauquén (29º S, Região de Coquimbo, Chile). Usando armadilhas de interceptação, se capturou um total de 10.762 indivíduos, pertencentes a 7 ordens, 27 famílias e 51 espécies. Coleoptera e Hymenoptera foram as ordens mais representativas, enquanto Neuroptera, Orthoptera e Plecoptera foram grupos pouco representativos. Os estimadores não paramétricos avaliados mostraram valores de riqueza superiores ao observados para todas as lagoas estudadas, e suas curvas de acumulação parecem indicar que o inventario da comunidade estudada está incompleto. A análise hierárquica e de ordenamento revelou agrupamentos de lagoas correspondentes a zona nordeste e sudeste de Huentelauquén. Preliminarmente encontramos uma correlação negativa entre a área de lagoas efêmeras e a riqueza (espécies) e abundância de insetos. É necessário realizar estudos adicionais (sobre outros grupos de artrópodes e em outras estações do ano) para melhor compreensão dos processos locais de extinção e colonização das espécies que habitam estes frágeis ambientes costeiros estudados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Coleoptera , Ecosystem , Seasons , Chile , Biodiversity , InsectaABSTRACT
Resumo Este estudo analisou a insegurança alimentar na comunidade quilombola Imbiral Cabeça-Branca, no Maranhão, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo transversal realizado no último trimestre de 2021, com 25 chefes de família da comunidade. A maioria dos participantes eram mulheres (52,0%), com baixa escolaridade, desempregados (68,0%), e 76,0% recebiam o Auxílio Emergencial federal. A densidade domiciliar média era de quatro pessoas, e as casas eram predominantemente de taipa, sem saneamento básico. A água consumida provinha de poços artesanais, e a maioria das casas tinha acesso à eletricidade. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada em todas as famílias, sendo 12,0% classificadas como Leve, 24,0% Moderada e 64,0% Grave. A forma Grave foi mais comum em lares chefiados por homens solteiros (75%), idosos, pessoas com baixa escolaridade (78,7%) e desempregados (64,7%). A insegurança alimentar na comunidade quilombola, assim como em outras comunidades similares no país, é resultado das condições precárias de vida, desemprego, privação de alimentos e falta de titulação de terras. Esses fatores também contribuem para a perpetuação do racismo institucional e ambiental enfrentado por essas comunidades.
Abstract This study examined food insecurity in the Quilombola community of Imbiral Cabeça-Branca, in Maranhão, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the last quarter of 2021 with 25 household heads from the community. Most participants were women (52.0%) with low schooling and were unemployed (68.0%), and 76.0% received a Federal Emergency Aid. The mean household density was four people, and houses were predominantly made of rammed earth, lacking basic sanitation. The consumed water came from artesian wells, and most houses had electricity. Food insecurity was identified in all households, with 12.0% classified as mild, 24.0% as moderate, and 64.0% as severe. The severe form was more common in households headed by single men (75%), older adults, less-educated individuals (78.7%), and the unemployed (64.7%). Food insecurity in the Quilombola community and other similar communities in the country results from substandard living conditions, unemployment, food deprivation, and lack of land titling. These factors also contribute to the perpetuation of institutional and environmental racism faced by these communities.
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Introduction: The distribution of freshwater fishes in the Colombian Andes results from the interaction between historical and recent factors. Currently, the Andean landscape is facing rapid transformation processes. However, the knowledge regarding species distribution and environmental requirements is advancing slower than the transformations underway in the fluvial networks. Objective: To understand the conformation of the fish assemblage in the middle and lower Cauca River basin, considering the local environmental context before the construction of the Ituango Dam, and quantifying β diversity and its two components (turnover and nestedness) amongst local fish communities. Methods: 58 localities were monitored during nine years (between February 2010 and November 2018), the period before the dam's operation. The species richness (α-diversity), species turnover (β-diversity), and assemblage composition were estimated for the given localities. Results: 114 species were recorded, representing ~ 49 % of the total richness of known species for the Magdalena basin. The richness distribution showed that the number of species varies among the aquatic environments. Swamps presented the most significant number of species, followed by the Cauca River, while streams had the lowest values of richness. The spatial analyses of β-diversity revealed a high variation component in the study area due to species replacement between the aquatic environments. Conclusions: The implementation of long-term monitoring allowed us to recognize that the Cauca River basin conserves a great variety of species-rich environments. The species turnover indicates a high proportion of endemism or multiple sites with unique species. Finally, our study will serve as a baseline to verify, over time, whether the dam's construction is associated with essential changes in the structure of fish communities.
Introducción: La distribución de los peces de agua dulce en los Andes colombianos es el resultado de la interacción entre factores históricos y recientes. Actualmente, el paisaje Andino enfrenta procesos de rápida transformación. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la distribución de las especies y sus requerimientos ambientales no avanza tan rápido como las transformaciones en curso en las redes fluviales. Objetivo: Comprender la conformación del ensamble de peces en la cuenca media y baja del río Cauca, considerando el contexto ambiental local antes de la construcción de la represa de Ituango, y cuantificar la diversidad beta y sus dos componentes (recambio y anidamiento) entre las comunidades de peces locales. Métodos: Se analizaron 58 localidades durante nueve años (entre febrero 2010 y noviembre 2018), período previo a la operación de la represa. La riqueza de especies (diversidad α), el recambio de especies (diversidad β) y la composición del conjunto se estimaron para las localidades dadas. Resultados: Se registraron 114 especies, que representan ~ 49 % de la riqueza total de especies conocidas para la cuenca del Magdalena. La distribución de la riqueza mostró que el número de especies varía entre los ambientes acuáticos. Las ciénagas presentaron el mayor número de especies, seguidas por el río Cauca, mientras que las quebradas presentaron los valores más bajos de riqueza. Los análisis espaciales de la diversidad β revelaron un alto componente de variación en el área de estudio debido al reemplazo de especies entre los ambientes acuáticos. Conclusiones: La implementación del monitoreo a largo plazo permitió reconocer que la cuenca del río Cauca conserva una gran variedad de ambientes ricos en especies. El recambio de especies indica una alta proporción de endemismo o múltiples sitios con especies únicas. Finalmente, nuestro estudio servirá como línea base para verificar, con el tiempo, si la construcción de la represa está asociada con cambios esenciales en la estructura de las comunidades de peces.
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(analítico) Se analizan las intersecciones entre territorio, movilidades y experiencias educativas de jóvenes de un barrio periférico de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. A partir de un abordaje etnográfico, basado en observaciones, talleres de mapeo territorial y entrevistas grupales con estudiantes de nivel secundario, damos cuenta de una monopolización de tiempos y espacios por parte de la escuela, que inhibe su participación en otras esferas sociales significativas. Desde la perspectiva juvenil, la escuela asume una connotación paradojal: es un «buen lugar» para estar, aunque también un ámbito que no satisface demandas específicas relativas a la salud, el respeto a la diversidad y el reconocimiento. El papel de las/os educadoras/es no es impugnado, tanto como el modo en que muchas/os están pudiendo hacer frente a dichas demandas.
(analytical) This paper analyzes the intersections between territory, mobilities, and educational experiences of youngsters from a peripheral neighborhood in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Through an ethno-graphic approach based on observations, territorial mapping workshops, and group interviews with secondary level students, we account for a monopolization of time and space by the school, which inhibits their participation in other significant social spheres. From the youth perspective, the school assumes a paradoxical connotation: it is a «good place» to be, although it is also an environment that does not meet specific demands related to health, respect for diversity, and recognition. The role of educators is not contested, as much as the way in which many of them are able to meet these demands.
(analítico) O trabalho analisa as interseções entre território, mobilidade e experiências educacionais de jovens de um bairro periférico da cidade de Córdoba, Argentina. Através de uma abordagem etnográfica baseada em observações, oficinas de mapeamento territorial e entrevistas em grupo com estudantes do ensino medio, reconhecemos uma monopolização do tempo e do espaço pela escola, o que inibe sua participação em outras esferas sociais significativas. Do ponto de vista dos jovens, a escola assume uma conotação paradoxal: é um «bom lugar» para estar, embora também seja um ambiente que não atende às demandas específicas relacionadas à saúde, respeito à diversidade e reconhecimento. O papel dos educadores não é contestado, assim como a maneira como muitos deles estão lidando com essas demandas.
Subject(s)
AdolescentABSTRACT
Introduction/Objectives: Willingness to forgive has been studied in different situations, however, there are no published studies in Colombia with indigenous populations and taking into account their worldview. The present research was aimed at examining the willingness to forgive of people from various ethnic minorities in Colombia such as the Embera, Nasa, Pijao and Kaamash-Hu communities and focusing in particular on the Wayuu community. Method: An experimental design was used and a cluster analysis was performed. The sample was composed of 159 indigenous adults (30% male) between the ages of 18 and 76, who were shown a series of scenarios describing a common situation in which an orchard was damaged by domestic animals belonging to a neighbour. Three factors were manipulated in the scenario: the severity of the damage, the level of carelessness of the animals' owner, and the animals' owner's explanations and apologetic behaviour. Results: Cluster analysis yielded five qualitatively different positions: Never forgive under any circumstances (6% of the sample, primarily participants from the Embera community), Depends on apology and neglect (15%), Depends on apology, consequences, and neglect (30%, primarily participants from the Kaamash-Hu community), and Almost always forgive (36%, primarily people from the Wayuu community). Conclusion: Thus, there is a convergence between the results of this study and the anthropological observations of the participating ethnic communities. Forgiveness is closely linked to the cosmovision of each indigenous group.
Introducción/Objetivos: La voluntad de perdonar ha sido estudiada en diferentes situaciones, sin embargo, no existen estudios publicados en Colombia con población indígena y teniendo en cuenta su cosmovisión. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la voluntad a perdonar de personas de diversas minorías étnicas en Colombia como la comunidad Embera, Nasa, Pijao, Kaamash-Hu y centrándose en particular en la comunidad Wayuu. Método: Se presentaron una serie de escenarios a una muestra de 159 adultos indígenas (30% hombres) de entre 18 y 76 años. Dichos escenarios describían una situación común en la que una huerta era dañada por animales domésticos de un vecino. Se manipularon tres factores en cada escenario: la gravedad del daño, el nivel de descuido del dueño de los animales y, las explicaciones y el comportamiento de disculpa del dueño de los animales. Resultados: El análisis de clústeres arrojó cinco posiciones cualitativamente diferentes: Nunca perdona bajo ninguna circunstancia (6% de la muestra, principalmente participantes de la comunidad Embera), Depende de las disculpas y del descuido (15%), Depende de las disculpas, las consecuencias y el descuido (30%, principalmente participantes de la comunidad Kaamash-Hu), y Casi siempre perdona (36%, principalmente personas de la comunidad Wayuu). Conclusiones: Por tanto, existe una convergencia entre los resultados de este estudio y las observaciones antropológicas que condujeron a la decisión de la Unesco de considerar el sistema de justicia restaurativa de la comunidad Wayuu como un patrimonio inalterable.
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Introducción. El virus de la hepatitis delta (VHD) es el causante de la forma más severa de la hepatitis viral humana, se asocia con un riesgo alto de fibrosis al hígado y carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC). Existen 8 genotipos del VHD con diferente distribución geográfica. Objetivos. Identificar los genotipos del VHD circulante en Huanta y tres pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía peruana. Métodos. Estudio observacional y transversal, realizado en 582 muestras reactivas para anti-HBc del VHB. Por el método nRT-PCR se procesaron todos los anti VHD positivos, el genotipo fue determinado mediante secuenciamiento directo tipo Sanger y análisis filogenético del fragmento R0. Se utilizaron 111 secuencias de referencia del GenBank. Las 42 secuencias del estudio fueron editadas y ensambladas con programas bioinformáticos. El análisis filogenético y evolutivo se realizó con los programas: Beast V2.5.2, Jmodeltest v2.1.10, Tracer v1.7.1, Tree Annotator y Figtree v1.4.4. Se utilizaron los modelos Bayesianos Yule y Birth Death skyline serial, el MCMC en 30 y 80 millones respectivamente, con el relaxed uncorrelated Exponential molecular clock. Se calcularon las medidas de resumen y de tendencia central utilizando el programa en STATA 14.0. Resultados. La media de la edad fue de 38 años, el 52,8% fueron mujeres. 101 muestras fueron positivas para anticuerpos anti-VHD. El ARN del VHD fue detectado en el 49,5% de las muestras reactivas a ELISA anti-VHD. El análisis filogenético determinó la presencia del genotipo 3. Conclusiones. Se evidencia la presencia del genotipo 3 del VHD en comunidades andinas y amazónicas del Perú.
Introduction. The Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is the cause of the most severe form of human viral hepatitis and is associated with a high risk of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are 8 HDV genotypes with different geographic distribution. Objectives. To identify the genotypes of VHD circulating in Huanta and three indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. Methods. Observational and cross-sectional study, from 582 reactive samples for anti-HBc-HBV. Anti-HDV positive samples were processed with the nRT-PCR method, genotype was determined by direct Sanger-type sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the R0 fragment. 111 reference sequences from GenBank were used. The 42 sequences of the study were edited y assembled with the bioinformatics programs. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis was performed with the following software: Beast v2.5.2, Jmodeltest v2.1.10, Tracer v1.7.1, Tree Annotator and Figtree v1.4.4. The Bayesian Yule and Birth Death skyline serial models were used, the MCMC at 30 and 80 million respectively, with the relaxed uncorrelated Exponential molecular clock. Summary and central tendency measures were calculated using the program in STATA 14.0. Results. The mean age was 38 years, 52.8% were women. 101 samples were positive for anti-HDV antibodies. HDV RNA was detected in 49.5% of the anti-HDV ELISA reactive samples. Phylogenetic analysis determined the presence of genotype 3. Conclusions. The presence of HDV genotype 3 in Andean and Amazonian communities of Peru is evidenced.
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A comunidade quilombola de Sacopã, cuja existência remonta a mais de 100 anos, está localizada na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro, na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, e continua preservando cultura, ancestralidade e tradições do povo negro até os dias atuais. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo relatar a experiência das consultas do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) realizadas na comunidade quilombola Sacopã. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência, com abordagem qualitativa. As visitas domiciliares ocorreram nos dias 29 de setembro de 2021, no turno da tarde, e 6 de outubro de 2021, nos turnos da manhã e da tarde. O processo de enfermagem foi aplicado, incluindo triagem com aferição da pressão arterial e medição da glicemia capilar, renovação das prescrições de medicamentos, teste de sensibilidade plantar, agendamento de exames de colpocitologia e mamografias, avaliação dos registros de vacinação infantil, aconselhamento e educação em saúde. Essas ações visam atender às demandas da população quilombola e reparar os atrasos nas visitas domiciliares causados pela pandemia de covid-19. Vale ressaltar que realizar consultas de enfermagem no formato de atendimento domiciliar proporciona conforto, fortalece o vínculo entre a unidade de saúde e a comunidade, possibilita uma imersão na realidade local, aproxima os profissionais das famílias e reduz os custos de deslocamento, garantindo assim um cuidado holístico e abrangente aos usuários.
The Sacopã quilombola community, which has existed for over 100 years, is in the south of Rio de Janeiro, in Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, and continues to preserve culture, ancestry, and traditions of the black people to this day. This study aims to report the experience of consultations with the Family Health Strategy (FHS) nurse held in the Sacopã quilombola community. It is an experience report study with a qualitative approach. The home visits were conducted on September 29, 2021, in the afternoon shift, and on October 6, 2021, in the morning and afternoon shifts. The nursing process was applied, including screening with blood pressure and capillary blood glucose measurements, renewal of the drug prescriptions, plantar sensitivity tests, scheduling of Pap smears and mammograms, evaluation of children's vaccination records, counseling, and health education. These actions aim to meet the demands of the quilombola population and address the delays in home visits that occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that conducting nursing consultations in a home care format provides comfort, strengthens the link between the health unit and the community, allows immersion in the local reality, brings professionals closer to families, and reduces travel costs, thus ensuring holistic and comprehensive care for users.
La comunidad quilombola de Sacopã que se remonta a más de cien años está ubicada en la zona sur de Río de Janeiro, en la Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, y viene preservando la cultura, ancestralidad y tradiciones del pueblo negro hasta la actualidad. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo informar la experiencia de consultas con la enfermería de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF) realizadas en la comunidad quilombola de Sacopã. Se trata de un estudio de tipo informe de experiencia, con enfoque cualitativo. Las visitas domiciliarias tuvieron lugar el 29 de septiembre de 2021, por la tarde, y el 6 de octubre de 2021, por la mañana y tarde. Se aplicó el proceso de enfermería, incluyendo el triaje con medición de la presión arterial y de la glucemia capilar, renovación de prescripciones de medicamentos, prueba de sensibilidad plantar, programación de exámenes de citología vaginal y mamografías, evaluación de los registros de vacunación infantil, asesoramiento y educación en salud. El objetivo de estas acciones fue atender las demandas de la población quilombola y compensar los retrasos en las visitas domiciliarias debido a la pandemia de la covid-19. Es importante destacar que la realización de las consultas de enfermería en atención domiciliaria proporciona comodidad, fortalece el vínculo entre la unidad de salud y la comunidad, permite una inmersión en la realidad local, acerca a los profesionales a las familias y reduce los costos de desplazamiento, garantizando así una atención holística y completa a los usuarios.
Subject(s)
House CallsABSTRACT
(analítico) Se realizó una investigación acción participativa con jóvenes de un barrio periférico de Medellín, mediada por la investigación narrativa, diálogo de saberes e investigación temática que propone la educación popular. Las fases del proceso fueron: formulación de una pregunta de investigación partiendo de la narración de historias de vida; identificación de situaciones límite y temas generadores para la acción; formación en técnicas y herramientas de investigación para que los/as jóvenes respondieran preguntas elaboradas por ellos/as; acción como resultado de la aplicación de las técnicas investigativas por parte del grupo de jóvenes. Este artículo destaca entre los resultados la experiencia de una joven de la comunidad, estudiante universitaria y la emergencia de su habitus como investigadora comunitaria y sujeto crítico con capacidad de producir conocimiento para transformar sus interrelaciones personales, comunitarias y su proyecto de vida.
(analytical) A Participatory Action Research study was carried out with young inhabitants of a peripheral neigh-borhood in the city of Medellin. This study drew on the principles of narrative research, dialogue of knowledge and thematic research, as proposed by Popular Education. The phases of the study were: formulation of a research question based on the narration of life stories; identification of borderline situations and generative themes for action; training on research techniques and tools so that the young people could answer questions they had developed themselves; and action as a result of the young people using research techniques. Results included the experience of a young university student woman from the community and the emergence of her habitus as a community researcher and critical subject with the capacity to produce knowledge that transformed her personal and community interrelations as well as her life plan.
(analítico) Realizou-se uma IAP com jovens moradores dum bairro periférico da cidade de Medellín, mediada pelos princípios da pesquisa narrativa, o diálogo de saberes e a pesquisa temática que propõe a Educação Popular. As fases do processo foram: formulação de uma pergunta de investigação baseada na narração de histórias de vida; identificação de situações limite e temas geradores para a ação; treinamento em técnicas e ferramentas de pesquisa para que os jovens respondessem a perguntas desenvolvidas por eles e elas; a ação como resultado do desenvolvimento das técnicas de pesquisa por parte do grupo de jovens. Neste artigo, destacase entre os resultados, a experiência de uma jovem da comunidade, estudante universitária, e o surgimento do seu hábitus como pesquisadora comunitária, e também como sujeito crítico com capacidade de produzir conhecimento para mudar suas relações pessoais e comunitárias e seu projeto de vida.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue analizar la conceptualización y el uso que se hace, desde el sector de la salud, de las categorías etnia y raza para esta población en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cualitativo. El corpus estuvo constituido por el apartado "2.3. Marco estratégico intercultural con las comunidades negras, afrocolombianas, raizales y palenqueras" del capítulo 8 del Plan Decenal de Salud Pública 2022-2031 de Colombia y un texto en una revista médica. De los documentos seleccionados se analizaron puntos de vista y argumentos. Resultados: El estudio encontró que para la población afro en el sector salud hay, por lo menos, cuatro usos y conceptualizaciones de su etnia y raza: una considera esta como un determinante social, otra como un gradiente biológico, mientras los otros dos pueden ser complementarios, al considerar, la tercera, a la etnia afro como un hecho político, legal, que favorece un enfoque diferencial en salud; y la última, como una cultura con huella ancestral africana. Conclusión: En cuanto se considere la etnia y raza de los afrodescendientes como un gradiente biológico, se fortalecerán intervenciones individuales y biológicas; si, por el contrario, se asume un determinante social, se hará énfasis en aspectos que mejoren su calidad de vida, la afirmación de su ancestralidad en salud o el hecho político. Además, sin que se reconozcan las condiciones históricas y actuales de exclusión de esta población, no se podrá comprender e incidir en su situación de salud.
Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the conceptualization and use (from the health sector) of the ethnicity and race variables for this population in Colombia. Methodology: This is a qualitative-type study. The corpus consisted of the section "2.3. Intercultural strategic framework with black, Afro-Colombian, Raizal and Palenquera communities" from chapter 8 of the Colombian Ten-Year Public Health Plan 2022-2031 and a text in a medical journal. Points of view and arguments were analyzed from the selected documents. Results: The study found that, for the Afro population in the health sector, there are at least four uses and conceptualizations of their ethnicity and race: one considers this as a social determinant, another as a biological gradient, while the other two may be complementary, when considering the third, the Afro ethnic group as a political, legal fact, which favors a differential approach in health; and the last one, as a culture with African ancestral traces Conclusion: As soon as the ethnicity and race of Afro-descendants is considered as a biological gradient, individual and biological interventions will be strengthened. If, on the contrary, a social determinant is assumed, the focus will be placed on aspects that improve their quality of life, the affirmation of their ancestry in health or the political fact. In addition, without acknowledging the historical and current conditions of exclusion of this population, it will not be possible to understand and influence their health situation.
Objetivo: O propósito do estudo foi analisar a conceptualização e o uso que se faz, desde o setor da saúde, das categorias etnia e raça para essa população na Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo de tipo qualitativo. O corpus constituiu-se pelo parágrafo "2.3. Quadro estratégico intercultural com as comunidades negras, afro-colombianas, raizales e palenqueras" do capítulo 8 do Plano Decenal de Saúde Pública 2022-2031 da Colômbia e um texto em uma revista médica. Nos documentos selecionados foram analisados pontos de vista e argumentos. Resultados: O estudo encontrou que para a população afro no setor saúde há, pelo menos, quatro usos e conceptualizações de sua etnia e raça: um deles a considera como um determinante social; outro como um gradiente biológico; já os outros dois podem ser complementários, pois o terceiro considera a etnia afro como um fato político, legal, que favorece um enfoque diferencial em saúde; e, o último, como uma cultura com uma impronta ancestral africana. Conclusão: Sempre que a etnia e a raça dos afrodescendentes se considerem um gradiente biológico, serão fortalecidas intervenções individuais e biológicas; pelo contrário, se é compreendida como determinante social, haverá atenção especial em aspectos que melhorem sua qualidade de vida, a afirmação de sua ancestralidade em saúde ou o fato político. Além disso, sem o reconhecimento das condições históricas e atuais de exclusão dessa população, sua situação de saúde não poderá ser compreendida nem modificada.
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Consumer behavior can be defined as the activities and the actions of people and organization that purchase and use economic goods and services, including the influence on these activities and actions. Marketers expect that by understanding what causes the consumers to buy particular goods and services, they will be able to determine which products are needed in the marketplace, which are obsolete, and how best to present the goods to the consumers. In the changing digital era, people buying online have drastically increased when compared to offline shopping. Existence of many online platforms has increased the choices for the consumers. It is a common rule in economics, that when there are more choices for the consumer, there is more competition. The online platforms has also developed there specializations like Myntra for fashion, amazon for electronics, big basket for food and so on. This specialization in online platforms has actually given various new factors for the consumers to compare the products. After the arrival of these many platforms, consumers have changed their view over the branding of products. There are consumers who are loyal to the brands in few products and there are also consumers who find only the best deals irrespective of branding. This paper studies the consumer's choices and behavior towards the brands in online shopping in a survey method.
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Se realizó una sistematización de la experiencia de: "círculos de la palabra" con líderes barriales del municipio de Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia entre 2016 y 2019, con base en los lineamientos de los autores: Jara, Ghiso y Verger. La experiencia permitió identificar tres hitos: "conocernos, el acompañamiento y los sueños", "sujetos de conocimiento" y "la experiencia construida socialmente". Los círculos de la palabra se configuraron para dar a los líderes de las comunidades un espacio donde tener voz y promover la reflexión movilizadora, construir tejidos y crear redes sociales de apoyo para conseguir un buen vivir.
A systematization of the experience titled: "word circles" with neighborhood leaders in Villamaría - Caldas (Colombia) between 2016 and 2019, was conduc ted based on Jara, Ghiso, and Verger guidelines. This experience allowed to iden tify three milestones: "getting to know each other, accompaniment and dreams," "subjects of knowledge," and "experience socially constructed". The word circles were created to provide to community leaders a place where they may have a voice and to foster mobilizing reflection, to build social fabric, and creating support networks to achieve a good life.
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El pueblo mapuche es uno de los grupos originarios de mayor importancia y nivel de conocimiento público en los países del Cono Sur de América del Sur, tanto en Chile como en Argentina, con crecientes conflictos con propietarios privados y algunos niveles estatales. Nos proponemos abordar las movilizaciones y repercusiones públicas de este pueblo a partir del accionar de sus movimientos y comunidades asentados en la zona del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi y áreas aledañas, en la región cordillerana de las provincias de Neuquén y Río Negro, en la Patagonia argentina. Daremos cuenta del recorrido en este periodo de 1992 hasta el presente, en el cual el pueblo mapuche se va transformando en un sujeto social y político. Analizaremos estos aspectos a la luz de las diversas transformaciones socioeconómicas y los efectos de la aplicación de las diferentes políticas públicas y legislaciones.
The Mapuche people are one of the most important and publicly known indigenous groups in the Southern Cone countries of South America, both in Chile and Argentina, and they have increasingly taken part in conflicts with private landowners and some levels of government. This article addresses the mobilizations and public repercussions of the actions of the Mapuche people, looking into their movements and communities set in the Nahuel Huapi National Park and surrounding areas, in the mountainous region of the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro, in Argentine Patagonia. We will account for the period between 1992 and the present, during which the Mapuche people become a social and political subject. We will analyze these aspects in the light of the various socioeconomic transformations and the effects of the application of different public policies and legislations.
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This paper discusses the Tribal people of Ranchi District behavior towards online shopping, it also discusses why they prefer online shopping and why not. In recent years, rural markets have acquired significance, as the overall growth of the economy has resulted into substantial increase in the purchasing power of the rural communities. Rural Markets are defined as those segments of overall market of any economy, which are distinct from the other types of markets like stock market, commodity markets or Labor economics. Online shopping or e-shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-web-store, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, online storefront and virtual store. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of consumer perceptions in regards to online shopping. A sample of 100 (55 males and 45 females) respondents were taken into consideration from tribal people of rural Ranchi District.
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Background: As a woman approaches menopause there are gradual changes in the physiology of her body. One of the prominent changes is an increase in the fragility of bone due to calcium variation causing Osteoporosis. A low level of estrogen, which occurs around the time of menopause leads to increased bone loss. A woman can undergo either primary or secondary osteoporosis. In most cases, the first 'symptom' of osteoporosis is broken bone. As osteoporosis is an emerging health problem, that creates an economic burden, it needs a special focus to promote healthy ageing. Knowledge is the best contributor to reducing the risk of premenopausal women getting osteoporosis. Methods: Total 70 pre-menopausal women living in chosen rural communities in Bagalkot were chosen with a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to gather information concerning knowledge about osteoporosis. Chi-square analysis was used to uncover the relationship between knowledge about osteoporosis with socio-demographic factors. Results: Total 24.28% of women were having good knowledge, 54.28% were having average knowledge, and 21.42% of women were having poor knowledge about osteoporosis. A significant relationship was attained between knowledge regarding osteoporosis and occupation (?2=14.20, p<0.007) and formal education (?2=16.22, p<0.039) at the position of the significance of 0.05. Conclusion: After evaluation of knowledge on the subject of osteoporosis among pre-menopausal women, it was found that most women had average knowledge regarding osteoporosis.
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En este trabajo, se hipotetiza el periodo de aislamiento, la inmovilización y la migración inversa que sucedidos durante la pandemia del COVID-19 (años 2020 y 2021) incrementaron la capacidad de caza de las comunidades Matsigenkas asentadas en el Parque Nacional del Manu (PN Manu). Para esto, evaluamos los cambios en los patrones del volumen de extracción de la caza a través de un monitoreo participativo utilizando el modelo de monitoreo de la intensidad de cacería. Se evidenció que hubo un incremento de la capacidad de caza de las comunidades nativas. Los volúmenes más altos de extracción y el mayor incremento del número de cazadores, esfuerzo y área de cacería se dieron en el periodo 2020 - 2021, cuando las medidas de aislamiento e inmovilización fueron establecidas. Sin embargo, hubo una disminución de los indicadores para la temporada 2021 - 2022, año en que se flexibilizaron las medidas de aislamiento y se dio la reactivación económica, permitiendo que las personas retornaran a sus actividades económicas y educativas fuera del PN Manu. Se debe considerar que los efectos de solo un año de pandemia sobre los medios de subsistencia de las comunidades pudieron afectar la abundancia de la fauna silvestre, donde el mono maquisapa y mono choro (especies vulnerables) tuvieron altos incrementos de extracción. Por otro lado, nuestros resultados indicarían que el buen estado de conservación del PN Manu permitió la provisión de alimentos a las comunidades durante la pandemia. Se recomienda la planificación de programas que mitiguen los efectos negativos de pandemias o eventos semejantes, además se señala la importancia de medir el grado de resiliencia de las principales especies de caza, ya que el incremento de caza también podría tener efectos sobre la seguridad alimentaria de estas comunidades.
In this work, we hypothesize that the period of isolation, immobilization, and reverse migration that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic (years 2020 and 2021) increased the hunting capacity of the Matsigenka communities settled in Manu National Park (PN Manu). To evaluate this, we assessed changes in hunting volume patterns through participatory monitoring using the hunting intensity monitoring model. It was evident that there was an increase in the hunting capacity of Matsigenka communities. The highest extraction volumes and the greatest increase in the number of hunters, hunting effort, and hunting area occurred in the 2020-2021 period, the year in which isolation and immobilization measures were established. However, there was a decrease in the indicators for the 2021-2022 period, the year in which isolation measures were relaxed and economic reactivation occurred, allowing people to return to their economic and educational activities outside PN Manu. It should be considered that the effects of only one year of the pandemic on the livelihoods of the communities could have affected the abundance of wildlife, with vulnerable species such as maquisapa monkeys and choro monkeys experiencing high extraction rates. On the other hand, our results indicate that the good conservation status of PN Manu provided food provisions for the communities during the pandemic. Planning programs to mitigate the negative effects of pandemics or similar events is recommended, and the importance of measuring the resilience of key hunting species is emphasized, as increased hunting could also have effects on the food security of these communities.
ABSTRACT
O estudo descreveu as alterações comportamentais durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e sua asso-ciação com o sobrepeso e obesidade atual de crianças e adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 1.004 crianças e adolescentes de comunidades rurais em áreas de remanescentes de quilombos de Feira de Santana, Bahia (50,3% meninos; Idade: 9,04 ± 1,52 anos). Desfechos: sobrepeso e obesidade, com base nos valores de Índice de Massa Corporal para idade e sexo, avaliados nos pontos de corte da In-ternational Obesity Taskforce. Alterações comportamentais (apetite, sono, psicológicas, sociais) foram avaliadas por meio de questionário preenchido pelos pais. A análise de dados incluiu estatística des-critiva, bivariada e regressão de Poisson múltipla, com estimador robusto de variância, para estimar Razões de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalos de 95% de Confiança (IC95%). A significância estatística foi fixada em valores de p<0,05. Covariáveis: idade, sexo, infecção por COVID-19 e insegurança ali-mentar. Após o período pandêmico, 24% dos participantes estavam com excesso de peso (sobrepeso = 15,5%; obesidade: 8,5%). As principais alterações comportamentais ocorreram no apetite (comer muito mais do que o habitual = 45,6%) e no sono (ir dormir e acordar mais tarde do que o habitual, em 74% e 62,2%, respectivamente). Comer mais que o habitual foi fator associado ao sobrepeso (RP = 1,63; IC95%: 1,14 - 2,32) e à obesidade (RP = 2,00; IC95%:1,22 - 2,25) entre os participantes, após ajuste por sexo, idade, infecção por COVID-19 e insegurança alimentar. As prevalências de sobrepe-so e obesidade subsequentes ao período pandêmico se associaram às alterações comportamentais no apetite ocorridas durante a pandemia entre escolares Quilombolas
The aim of the study was to describe behaviors changes during COVID-19 pandemic and its association with subsequent overweight and obesity among Quilombola schoolchildren. Participants in this study were 1,004 children and adolescents from rural communities in the Quilombo areas of Feira de Santana, Bahia (50.3% boys; Age: 9.04 ± 1.52 years). The outcomes were overweight and obesity prevalence based on age-and-sex Body Mass Index values, evaluated according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. Behavior changes (appetite, sleep, psychological, and social) were measured by a proxy report questionnaire. The analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple Poisson regression models, using robust variance to estimate Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Co-variables: age, sex, COV-ID-19 infection, and food insecurity. The results presented 24% of overweight subsequent to the pandemic period (overweight without obesity = 15.5%; obesity = 8.5%). Main behavior changes occurred in diet (eating more than usual = 45.6%) and sleep (time to go to bed/time to wake up later than usual, among 74% and 62.2% of participants, respectively). Eating mor than usual was associated to overweight without obesity (PR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.14 - 2.32) and obesity (PR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.22 - 2.25), when adjusted by sex, age, COVID-19 infection, and food insecurity. Being overweight and obese subsequent to the COV-ID-19 pandemic was associated with behavior changes in the appetite during the pandemic period among Quilombola schoolchildren
ABSTRACT
Introdução: observa-se que a população negra está mais vulnerável para algumas enfermidades devido a questões genéticas, ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Na saúde da mulher negra evidencia-se a necessidade de maior atenção ao desenvolvimento do câncer do colo uterino. Objetivo: identificar as dificuldades para prevenção do câncer do colo uterino a partir do discurso de mulheres quilombolas. Método: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, mediatizada pela metodologia da pesquisa-ação, realizada na comunidade remanescente de quilombolas intitulada "Os Quarenta", localizada na cidade de Triunfo, Paraíba, Brasil, no ano de 2019. Resultados: Notou-se, a partir dos discursos das participantes, duas Ideias Centrais acerca dos problemas ou dificuldades que impossibilitam o diagnóstico precoce do câncer do colo de útero: vergonha como obstáculo para à prática do exame preventivo e autonegligência como fator determinante na ausência da procura pelos serviços de saúde. Conclusões: percebe-se que ao inserir às informações em saúde é importante levar em consideração os fatores sociais e culturais da comunidade visando adequar às práticas de acordo com representações a respeito do tema.
Introducción: se observa que la población negra es más vulnerable frente a algunas enfermedades por cuestiones genéticas, ambientales, económicas y sociales. En la salud de la mujer negra se evidencia la necesidad de una mayor atención al desarrollo del cáncer de cuello uterino. Objetivo: identificar las dificultades en la prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino desde el discurso de las mujeres quilombolas. Método: investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, mediada por la metodología de investigación acción, realizada en la comunidad quilombola remanente denominada Os Quarenta, ubicada en la ciudad de Triunfo, Paraíba, Brasil, en 2019. Resultados: se constató en los discursos de las participantes, dos ideas centrales sobre los problemas o dificultades que impiden el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de cuello uterino: la vergüenza como obstáculo para la práctica del examen preventivo y la auto negligencia como factor determinante en la ausencia de demanda de servicios de salud. Conclusiones: se advierte que al insertar información de salud es importante tener en cuenta los factores sociales y culturales de la comunidad para adecuar las prácticas de acuerdo con las representaciones sobre el tema.
Introduction: It is observed that black population is more vulnerable to some diseases due to genetic, environmental, economic and social issues. In the health of black women, the need for greater attention to the development of cervical cancer is evident. Objective: To identify the difficulties in preventing cervical cancer from the discourse of quilombola women. Method: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach, mediated by the action research methodology. It was carried out in the remaining quilombola community entitled Os Quarenta, located in the city of Triunfo, Paraíba, Brazil, in 2019. Results: In the participant's discourse two central ideas were noted about the problems or difficulties that prevent early diagnosis of cervical cancer: shame as an obstacle to the practice of preventive examination and self-negligence as a determining factor in the absence of demand for health services. Conclusions: It is noticed that when inserting health information, it is important to consider the social and cultural factors of the community in order to adapt practices according to representations on the subject.