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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(1): e18182022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528329

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é conhecer as estratégias individuais mais utilizadas por adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas da IX Região Administrativa do município do Rio de Janeiro para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária, bem como investigar o perfil de coocorrência e sua prevalência em subgrupos populacionais específicos. Trata-se de um estudo seccional com 693 indivíduos. As informações referentes às estratégias para evitar a exposição à violência comunitária foram coletadas por meio de questionário multidimensional autopreenchido em sala de aula. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram: evitar passar onde há pessoas armadas (55,5%), evitar andar sozinho (30,5%) e evitar voltar para casa de madrugada (24,7%). Observou-se que as meninas adotam mais todos (concomitantemente) os quatro tipos de comportamento limitantes para reduzir sua exposição à violência comunitária (53% vs. 32%). Ressalta-se que a adoção de tais estratégias diferiu segundo os indicadores socioeconômicos, sendo maior entre os adolescentes oriundos de família de estratos de renda mais baixos. Tais achados chamam a atenção para a alta frequência de utilização de tais estratégias por adolescentes, o que pode cercear e limitar o pleno desenvolvimento de suas habilidades sociais e culturais.


Abstract This study aims to identify the individual community strategies to avoid violence exposure most used by adolescents from public and private schools in the IX Administrative Region of Rio de Janeiro and investigate the profile of co-occurrence and its prevalence in specific population subgroups. This is a cross-sectional study with 693 individuals. A multidimensional questionnaire collected information regarding strategies to avoid community violence exposure and was self-completed in the classroom. The most used strategies were avoiding walking close to armed people (55.5%), avoiding walking alone (30.5%), and avoiding returning home at dawn (24.7%). Girls adopt more of all (concurrently) the four limiting behaviors to reduce their community violence exposure (53% vs. 32%). Notably, the adoption of such strategies differed by socioeconomic indicators and was higher among adolescents from lower-income households. These findings point to the high frequency of use of such strategies by adolescents, which may hinder and limit the full development of their social and cultural skills.

2.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 23(1): 311-319, Jan.-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098014

ABSTRACT

Abstract In recent years, violence has been exacerbated in several northeastern states of México, with implications for the mental health of young people, as is the development of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study aims to identify the types of victimization (direct or indirect) experienced by university students, determine the symptoms of post-traumatic stress they present and see the relationship between the types of victimization and PTSD symptoms. The Victimization Scale and the Short Scale of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder were applied to 500 young people of Tamaulipas. The university students report on average 7 direct and indirect victimization events, the indirect being more frequent. Although there is a relationship between direct and indirect victimization, with the presence of PTSD symptoms, only indirect victimization is a predictive variable of PTSD symptoms in university students. It is proposed that, together with policies of crime prevention and reduction, policies of the reduction of fear of crimes should be created.


Resumen En México, sobre todo en los estados del noreste del país, en los últimos años la violencia se ha exacerbado y, a su vez, ha incrementado sus implicaciones en la salud mental de los jóvenes, principalmente con el desarrollo de síntomas del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Teniendo esto en cuenta, en el presente estudio se tuvo como objetivo identificar los tipos de victimización (directa o indirecta) que viven los jóvenes universitarios ante la violencia comunitaria, así como determinar los síntomas de estrés postraumático que presentaban, e identificar la relación entre los tipos de victimización y los síntomas del TEPT. En total, participaron 500 jóvenes universitarios de un estado del noreste del país, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Victimización y la Escala Breve del Desorden del Estrés Postraumático. Como resultados, los participantes reportaron un promedio de siete sucesos de victimización tanto directa como indirecta, siendo más frecuente la indirecta. Aunque se observa una relación directa e indirecta entre la victimización y la presencia de síntomas del TEPT, solo la victimización indirecta resultó ser una variable predictora de síntomas del TEPT. Se propone que, junto a las políticas de prevención y reducción del delito, deben crearse políticas de reducción del miedo al crimen en la población.

3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(3): 234-237, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011496

ABSTRACT

Objective: Our study aimed to verify whether cyberbullying victimization among adolescents occurs concomitantly with other forms of violence exposure (at home, at school and in the community). Methods: A collaborative longitudinal study by Norwegian and Brazilian researchers was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income city in southeast Brazil. At baseline, trained interviewers applied a semi-structured questionnaire to a population-based sample of 669 in-school adolescents (11-15 years old). The investigated types of violence exposure included cyberbullying, traditional bullying, severe physical punishment by parents and community violence (victimization and eye-witnessed violent events outside the home and school). Results: In the previous six months, 1.9% of the adolescents had been victims of cyberbullying, and 21.9% had been victims of physical aggression, verbal harassment and/or social manipulation by peers. However, only 5.5% of the adolescents considered themselves bullying victims. In the previous 12 months, 12.4% of adolescents had suffered severe physical punishment, 14.0% had been victims of community violence, and 20.9% eye-witnessed community violence. Multivariable regression analysis showed that victimization by multiple types of traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying victimization were correlates of cyberbullying victimization, while suffering violence at home and in the community were not. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of an association between cyberbullying, traditional bullying and self-perceived bullying among low-income Brazilian adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Exposure to Violence/statistics & numerical data , Cyberbullying/psychology , Schools , Self Concept , Socioeconomic Factors , Violence/psychology , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Crime Victims/psychology , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Exposure to Violence/classification , Exposure to Violence/psychology , Interpersonal Relations
4.
Investig. psicol ; 20(2): 45-57, ago. 2015. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905086

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar la vulnerabilidad de adolescentes con alto riesgo psicosocial expuestos a diversos sucesos de violencia comunitaria. Material y Métodos: Se administró el Cuestionario Exposición a la Violencia Comunitaria durante un dispositivo de prevención en escuelas públicas. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos en dos muestras: 2001 (n=428) y 2010 (n=319). Se usó la Prueba de Chi-cuadrado para el cálculo de la significación y Phi para la magnitud del efecto. Resultados: Se registraron diferencias significativas en temas vinculados a robos o asaltos, drogas, violencia familiar y abuso sexual, especialmente en los sucesos de violencia vistos u oídos, y en menor medida, experimentados o sufridos. Discusión: La intervención preventiva en espacios institucionales contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de los sectores más vulnerables mediante dispositivos específicos que apuntan a reducir el impacto de la alta exposición a la violencia y el desarrollo de patologías de mayor gravedad.


Objective: Analyze the vulnerability of adolescents with high psychosocial risk exposed to different events of community violence. Material and Methods: Exposure to Community Violence Questionnaire was administered during a prevention device in public schools. Results of two samples: 2001 (n = 428) and 2010 (n = 319) were compared. Test Chi-square analysis was used to calculate the significance and Phi for the magnitude of the effect. Results: Significant differences were reported on issues related to theft or robbery, drugs, domestic violence and sexual abuse, especially in the events of violence seen or heard, and less experienced or suffered. Discussion: Preventive intervention in institutional spaces contributes to improve the quality of life for the most vulnerable sectors through specific devices aimed to reduce the impact of high exposure to violence and the development of more serious disorders.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Risk Groups , Adolescent , Violence/prevention & control
5.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 26(3): 443-450, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-691349

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre exposição à violência comunitária e o Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) segundo gênero e faixa etária entre crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas de São Gonçalo/RJ. Participaram da análise deste artigo 399 crianças e adolescentes (idade média de 10,6 anos, DP=1,0). A prevalência total de sintomas de TEPT nas crianças e adolescentes é de 9,5%, sendo maior nas meninas (12,6%) do que nos meninos (6,5%). No modelo multivariado, destaca-se que as crianças menores de 10 anos têm duas vezes mais chances de desenvolverem sintomas deste transtorno que as mais velhas e que quanto maior a exposição à violência comunitária maiores as chances de surgimento de sintomas de TEPT...


This study aims to analyze the association between exposure to community violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by gender and age among children and adolescents of public schools in São Gonçalo-RJ. Three hundred and ninety-nine children and adolescents participated in this analysis (mean age 10.6 years; SD = 1.0). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents is 9.5%, being higher among girls (12.6%) than among boys (6.5%). In the multivariate model, it is emphasized that children under 10 years old are twice as likely to develop symptoms of this disorder, than older ones; and the higher exposure to community violence, the emergence of PTSD symptoms is more likely...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Violence/psychology , Age Factors , Sex Factors
6.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 17(3): 413-420, set.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-666002

ABSTRACT

Este estudo investigou a frequência da exposição à violência intrafamiliar e extrafamiliar, em 946 adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 19 anos (M = 15,42; DP = 1,67), que viviam em diferentes contextos: com as famílias (G1), em instituições para cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas (G2) e em instituições de acolhimento (G3). Foi utilizado o Questionário da Juventude Brasileira. Foi observado que os adolescentes de G3 apresentaram maior frequência de exposição à violência intrafamiliar, enquanto os adolescentes de G2 à violência extrafamiliar, sendo as meninas as vítimas mais frequentes em todos os contextos. A importância de prevenir a exposição dos jovens à violência é destacada, bem como a necessidade de promover intervenções com os adolescentes em acolhimento institucional, já que este grupo mostrou-se o mais vulnerável.


This study verified the frequency of the exposure to domestic and community violence, on 946 adolescents with ages ranging from 12 to 19 years old (M = 15.42; SD = 1.67), who were from different contexts: with their families (G1); young offenders who were deprived of freedom (G2); and adolescents living in shelters (G3). They completed the Brazilian Youth Questionnaire. Findings indicated that adolescents of G3 showed higher levels of exposure to domestic violence and adolescents of G2 were more exposed to community violence. Furthermore, the females were the most frequent victims in all contexts. The importance of preventing the youth exposure to violence is highlighted, as well as promoting interventions with adolescents who live in shelters because this group seems to be the most vulnerable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Violence/psychology , Family/psychology , Adolescent , Adolescent, Institutionalized/psychology , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research
7.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 21(2): 233-251, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675280

ABSTRACT

Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms explaining this relationship are still being uncovered. This study sought to identify the relationship between exposure to community violence and reactive and proactive aggression, as well as cognitive and emotional variables mediating this relationship. Participants were 1,235 students (from fifth to ninth grade) from localities of Bogotá, Colombia, with varying levels of community violence. Analyses of self-reported measures confirmed significant associations between exposure to community violence and both reactive and proactive aggression. Normative beliefs supporting aggression, hostile attribution of intent, positive expectations for aggression, and lack of guilt after aggression, partially mediated these relationships, suggesting strategies for prevention.


Los niños y niñas expuestos a elevados niveles de violencia tienden a ser más agresivos que los demás, pero los mecanismos específicos que explican esta relación todavía se están descubriendo. Este estudio buscó identificar la relación entre la exposición a la violencia comunitaria y la agresión reactiva y proactiva, así como las variables cognitivas y emocionales que median dicha relación. Con la participación de 1,235 estudiantes (de quinto a noveno grado) de diferentes localidades de Bogotá, Colombia, y de diversos niveles de violencia comunitaria, los análisis de las medidas de autoreporte confirmaron la existencia de asociaciones significativas entre la exposición a la violencia comunitaria y la agresión tanto reactiva como proactiva. Las creencias que legitiman la agresión, la atribución hostil de intenciones, las expectativas positivas sobre la agresión, y la falta de culpa al agredir, mediaron parcialmente estas relaciones, sugiriendo estrategias de prevención.


As crianças expostas a elevados níveis de violência tendem a ser mais agressivas que as demais; no entanto, os mecanismos específicos que explicam esta relação ainda estão se descobrindo. Este estudo pretendeu identificar a relação entre a exposição à violência comunitária e a agressão reativa e proativa, assim como as variáveis cognitivas e emocionais que mediam tal relação. Com a participação de 1.235 estudantes (de 8 a 18 anos) de diferentes localidades de Bogotá (Colômbia) e de diversos níveis de violência comunitária, as análises das medidas de autorrelatório confirmaram a existência de associações significativas entre a exposição à violência comunitária e a agressão tanto reativa quanto proativa. As crenças que legitimam a agressão, a atribuição hostil de intenções, as expectativas positivas sobre a agressão e a falta de culpa ao agredir, mediaram parcialmente estas relações e sugeriram estratégias de prevenção.

8.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(3): 244-250, May-June. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485282

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de associação entre vitimização e uso de álcool entre meninos e meninas de Porto Alegre (RS). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal. Participaram estudantes de escolas públicas com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, da 5ª série do ensino fundamental até a 3ª série do ensino médio, compondo amostra por conglomerados em dois estágios, definidas pelas características socioeconômicas do bairro da escola e pela turma. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário padronizado de forma anônima e voluntária. RESULTADOS: O álcool foi utilizado por 54 por cento dos meninos adolescentes (14-19) e 17 por cento dos adolescentes (10-13), por 58 por cento das meninas adolescentes mais velhas e 19 por cento das adolescentes mais novas. Cinqüenta e sete por cento dos estudantes sofreram vitimização severa, e 53 por cento sofreram vitimização moderada. Quando as amostras separadas por sexos foram avaliadas, observou-se que meninos e meninas que faziam uso de álcool relataram 2,6 e 1,8, respectivamente, mais vitimização grave, ao passo que o uso de álcool entre meninos e meninas se associou a 3,1 e 2,5 mais prevalência de vitimização moderada, respectivamente. Para os episódios de embriaguez, observou-se que adolescentes se embriagaram mais que pré-adolescentes e que as exposições à violência mostraram associação aumentada para embriaguez. Um percentual de 32 por cento de meninos (razão de prevalência, RP = 4,4; IC95 por cento 2,6-7,3) e 22 por cento de meninas (RP = 2,2; IC95 por cento 1,2-4,1) vítimas de violência severa relatou embriaguez pelo menos uma vez. CONCLUSÕES: Adolescentes de ambos os sexos que consomem mais bebidas alcoólicas têm maior risco de sofrerem violência comunitária.


OBJECTIVE: To verify whether there is an association between victimization and alcohol use among boys and girls in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of students from public schools, aged 10 to 19 years, from the fifth grade of primary education to the third grade of secondary education, selected by two-stage cluster sampling, defined by the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood in which each school is located and by school class. Data collection was by means of a questionnaire which was completed anonymously and voluntarily. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of the older adolescent boys (aged 14-19) drank alcohol, compared to 17 percent of the younger adolescent boys (10-13), as did 58 percent of the older adolescent girls and 19 percent of the younger adolescent girls. Fifty-seven percent of the students had suffered severe victimization, and 53 percent had suffered moderate victimization. When the samples were separated by sex, it was observed that boys and girls who drank alcohol reported 2.6 and 1.8 times more severe victimization respectively, while alcohol was associated with 3.1 and 2.5 times greater prevalence of moderate victimization, among boys and girls respectively. When episodes of drunkenness were analyzed, it was observed that adolescents got drunk more than pre-adolescents and that exposure to violence exhibited an increased association with drunkenness. Thirty-two percent of the boys (prevalence ratio, PR = 4.4; 95 percentCI 2.6-7.3) and 22 percent of the girls (PR = 2.2; 95 percentCI 1.2-4.1) who had been the victims of severe violence reported being drunk at least once. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents of both sexes who consume more alcohol are at greater risk of suffering community violence.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
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