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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of mortality among patients with noncommunicable diseases. Maintaining a good metabolic control, lifestyle modification along with improved self?care practices are not only associated with less severe COVID?19 infections but also with a high recovery rate. Objectives: This research article explores the changes in lifestyle habits, self-care practices, and metabolic control among patients enrolled in the HealthRise program. The study compares behavioral changes, before COVID-19 pandemic and during COVID-19 pandemic, between intervention and control arms in Shimla and Udaipur. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for program implementation in select villages of Shimla district, and Udaipur district. A total of 459 patients from Shimla and 309 patients from Udaipur with diabetes mellitus or hypertension or with both were enrolled and followed for 1 year. Results: Metabolic control in Shimla intervention arm was 2.6 times higher than in control arm (P = 0.001) before COVID?19 pandemic. During COVID?19 pandemic, Odds of metabolic control in Shimla intervention was 1.5 times higher when compared with control arm (P = 0.03). In Udaipur, metabolic control before COVID-19 pandemic was comparable between control and intervention arms. During the pandemic, metabolic control in intervention arm of Udaipur was 5 times higher when compared to the control arm ((P = 0.001). Conclusion: Participants exposed to support, appreciate, learn, and transfer-community life competence process (SALT-CLCP) intervention maintained metabolic control during the COVID-19 pandemic with improved behavioral and self-care practices. Community-based interventions such as SALT-CLCP method bring ownership and empower community in achieving the better health outcomes.
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Background: Cancer prevention and control needs to be based on effective implementation of all approaches. Community as well as individual level interventions to increase knowledge and early reporting have shown effectiveness. A community-based intervention trial was conducted to design, implement and test short-term outcomes of evidence based preventive strategies.Methods: A mixed methods, three phased study was conducted in three districts of Delhi, which were selected by a random process. Two randomly selected districts out of these three were intervention districts while third was the control. A total sample of 500 in each district was studied in quantitative pre and post -intervention phases. Multistage, stratified, cluster sampling was utilized. Pre-tested and validated tools were used.Results: Post intervention, statistically significant higher scores were observed in all domains in intervention districts as compared to control (p<0.01). Though comparison of slum versus non-slum showed significant increment in knowledge and practice scores, with higher scores for non-slum respondents, the attitudes were very similar (p>0.05). The increment score changes between males and females was similar in all classes of society versus control district. Comparison within the intervention and control groups revealed increased scores in intervention districts and decreased scores in control district, in all domains (p<0.05).Conclusions: Our study has helped in understanding the determinants of perceptions, attitude and practices regarding cancer in the community, This, helped in formulating the need-based intervention strategies. Testing the short-term outcome of intervention showed it to be effective.
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Chronic Diseases have been the major public health problem since 1990 in China.This paper aims to explore the main results of the comprehensive sort of the North Carolina Project in Finland including the effects , key initiatives , intervention practices and successful experiences , and discusses the implications of Fanland experi-ence-based for the Chinese chronic disease intervention .The North Carolina Project shows that community-based in-terventions form an effective strategy for the prevention and control of chronic diseases .In order to respond effectively to the chronic disease challenges , the Chinese government should not only use community-based intervention strate-gies, but also implement a “comprehensive health policy”, creating a good and social atmosphere for the chronic dis-ease intervention .
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Aims: This study evaluated the impact of the Sustainable Action against HIV and AIDS in Communities (SAHACOM) project in improving education opportunity, health, and quality of life of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Cambodia. Study Design: Operational intervention study. Place and Duration of the Study: Five provinces in Cambodia, from 2010 to 2014. Methodology: A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 756 OVC at midterm and 785 OVC at end line for face-to-face interviews. Outcome indicators from end line (2014) were compared to those obtained at midterm (2012). Where possible, the data were also compared with data obtained from baseline documentation (2010). Results: The percentage of OVC receiving external support for child care surged from 30.0% at baseline to 84.0% at midterm but decreased to 76.8% at end line. Compared to children at midterm, children at end line were significantly more likely to report having attended school regularly in the past 12 months, less likely to suspend study in order to work to help feed the family in the past 12 months, less likely to respond that food supports and other basic needs such as clothes and other household materials were the most important needs for their family today, more likely to perceive that supports for child education were the most important for their family today, less likely to report that their family reduced times for daily meals due to the shortage of food in the past 12 months, and more likely to rate their general health and overall quality of life as fair, good, or very good. Conclusion: This study indicates significant impact of the SAHACOM on education, health, and quality of life of OVC in Cambodia. This community-based model should be adapted for future interventions, taking into account the available resources.
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BACKGROUND: The changing nature of dengue epidemiology and control makes dengue one of the challenging infectious disease problems in the present time with certain inadequacies in existing knowledge base becoming apparent.OBJECTIVE: This quantitative and experimental study was conducted to provide recent local evidence that dengue virus transovarial transmission among field collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes does occur and presents an important factor in the epidemiology and control of dengue.METHODS: Households in Quezon City, Philippines, a known dengue infection hotspot in 2011, were randomly selected (H9 and H14) for Aedes aegypti egg and larval collection. Mosquito larvae were captured using standard ovitraps and reared to adulthood in the entomology unit of the Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Laboratory at the University of the Philippines (UP), College of Medicine, Manila. Whole organism homogenate of adult mosquitoes were prepared for subsequent dengue virus molecular characterization and virulence testing. Both egg samples and their infection profile for dengue virus was determined by serotype specific RT-PCR.RESULTS: Molecular test results show that in each household and in each generation (parent, F1 and F2), there were detectable and strong dengue viral presence, predominantly the serotypes DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4 in the Aedes aegypti mosquito homogenates.CONCLUSIONS: These laboratory evidences indicate that thransovarial transmission of dengue virus does occur in a high urban city like Quezon City where incidence of dengue is high.Thus, it is important to consider the existence of this phenomenon in existing and future dengue control programs to ensure effectiveness of community-based intervention strategies.
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Humans , Male , Female , Animals , Dengue Virus , Aedes , Serogroup , Larva , Entomology , Pathology, Molecular , Virulence , Genotype , DengueABSTRACT
Antecedentes: las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles constituyen una las primeras causas de muerte en Cuba. Objetivos: exponer las experiencias más importantes en la ejecución del proyecto “Dragones” llevado a cabo desde el año 1998 hasta el año 2003, para la prevención y control de los factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Métodos: se realizó una intervención comunitaria basada en dos pilares fundamentales: el fortalecimiento de la atención primaria de salud y la participación activa de la población en el manejo preventivo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo. Resultados: se apreció una gran recuperación en la calidad de la atención por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo entre los años 2000 y 2003. Los aspectos donde se apreció una mayor mejoría fueron la orientación sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que padecen los pacientes y los hábitos dietéticos con un aumento de 60,03 % y 50,9 %, respectivamente. Aumentó, también, la realización de prácticas preventivas en el año 2003 y fueron la toma de la tensión arterial y la realización del examen de mama las que alcanzaron mayores porcentajes. Conclusiones: un buen diagnóstico comunitario, la combinación de mensajes bien planificados, la realización de actividades de promoción de salud, la implementación de formas costo-eficaces de intervención y un sistema de vigilancia y evaluación fiables, son los aspectos fundamentales que deben tenerse en cuenta en la ejecución de un programa de intervención comunitaria para la prevención y control de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo.
Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases are one of the first causes of death in Cuba. Objectives: To submit the most important experience in the implementation of “Dragones” project after 5 years of intervention for the prevention and control of risk factors and chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods: A community-wide intervention was performed on two fundamental pillars: the strengthening of primary healthcare and the active participation of the population in preventive management of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Results: It was observed that the quality of healthcare to chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors from 2000 to 2003 had remarkably increased. The aspects that improved more were counseling on chronic non-communicable diseases that the patients suffered and the dietary habits, with an increase of 60,03 % and 50,9 % respectively. Also, preventive practices increased in number in 2003, being blood pressure measurement and breast screening test the ones that reached higher percentages. Conclusions: A good community diagnosis, combination of well-thought messages, carrying out of health promotion activities, implementation of cost-effective forms of intervention and a reliable system of evaluation and surveillance are the key aspects that should be taken into consideration when implementing a community-based intervention program for the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors.