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1.
Agora USB ; 22(1): 168-178, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419993

ABSTRACT

Resumen En el perfil profesional de los programas educativos de todas las disciplinas se señala que las competencias de los estudiantes universitarios tendrán que reflejar sus conocimientos, capacidades y habilidades para operar en un mundo más interconectado globalmente. Las competencias Sociales y Emocionales, como parte fundamental del ser y de la memoria social dan a los estudiantes de pregrado un punto de partida para su formación y al mismo tiempo influye en la constitución de la inteligencia Intercultural que le permitirá al futuro profesional desempeñarse en un contexto global, como parte fundamental del perfil integral.


Abstract: In the professional profile of educational programs of all disciplines, it is pointed out that the competences of undergraduate students will have to reflect their knowledge, abilities, and skills to operate in a more globally interconnected world. The Social and Emotional competences, as a fundamental part of the being and of the social memory give undergraduate students a starting point for their formation, and at the same time, influence the constitution of Intercul tural intelligence that will allow the future professional to perform in a global context, as a fundamental part of the integral profile.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385831

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El desarrollo de competencias transversales es un aspecto relevante en el currículum de pregrado de Odontología, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia sobre su presencia en los planes de estudio nacionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la presencia de asignaturas centradas en competencias transversales en la carrera de Odontología de las universidades chilenas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño transversal, revisando las mallas curriculares publicadas en la web por cada universidad que dictó el pregrado de Odontología el año 2020, con proceso de admisión abierto. De las 19 universidades consultadas, todas exhibieron en sus mallas curriculares asignaturas asociadas a competencias transversales y distribuidas a lo largo de los seis años del plan de estudios. Al utilizar la agrupación de competencias transversales propuesta por el Proyecto Tuning América Latina, se observó que las asignaturas relacionadas con los procesos cognitivos asociados al aprendizaje eran las más numerosas y suponían el 41 % del total; las vinculadas con los valores sociales correspondieron al 34 %; las asociadas al contexto tecnológico e internacional representaron el 20 %; mientras que las relacionadas con las habilidades interpersonales, solo alcanzaron un 5 %. Debido a su escasa presencia, es posible concluir que gran parte de los aprendizajes relacionados con el entrenamiento en habilidades interpersonales se encuentren resguardados en el currículum oculto y que probablemente estén a cargo del modelaje docente que se realiza diariamente en la práctica clínica. Como propuesta de futuro, el estudio sugiere mejorar la formación en competencias transversales de los egresados de odontología de las universidades chilenas.


ABSTRACT: The development of transversal competencies is a relevant aspect in the dental undergraduate curriculum. However, there is insufficient evidence about its implementation in national curriculums. The aim of this research was to know whether or not the courses are focused on transversal competencies in dental programs of Chilean universities. To accomplish this, a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. This research was based on the review of the curriculums published on the websites of each university that awarded undergraduate degrees in dentistry in 2020, and facilitated an open admission process. Of the 19 universities studied, all had courses associated with transversal competencies in their dental curriculum. These were distributed throughout the six years of the curriculum. Using the grouping of transversal competencies, as proposed by the Latin America Tuning Project, it was shown that courses related to cognitive learning processes were the most represented of the subjects, corresponding to 41 % of all courses studied. Those related to social values corresponded to 34 %; courses associated with informational technology and those within the international context represented 20 %; while the courses related to interpersonal skills only reached 5 %. Due to the fact that the courses related to interpersonal skills were scarce, it could be concluded that a large part of this learning is included in the hidden curriculum and is probably achieved via instructional modeling as part of the daily clinical practice. As a proposal for the future, this research suggests that we need to improve the training in transversal competencies for the dental graduates of Chilean universities.

3.
Psicopedagogia ; 38(115): 121-132, abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1250571

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo da cuenta de los principales hallazgos generados a partir del proyecto de investigación denominado "Perfil del profesional psicopedagogo/a: Aportes desde una revisión epistemológica a la praxis en Chile. Concepto, ámbitos de acción y roles actuales" realizado por la Agrupación de profesionales Psicopedagogos/as de Chile en el período 2019-2020. En esta primera etapa, por medio de una transmetodología de la investigación con enfoque de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), se establece un constructo teórico fundamentado en la empiria, que categoriza las competencias genéricas de los/as profesionales psicopedagogos/as en cuatro áreas principales: investigación, evaluación, acompañamiento y orientación y/o asesoramiento psicopedagógico. Las categorías elaboradas se fundamentan en la triangulación hermenéutica entre datos, teoría y experiencias de diversos actores/as de la Psicopedagogía chilena (académicos/as, trabajadores/as y estudiantes) e invitan a la reflexión en torno a la ruptura paradigmática emergente, la identidad disciplinar, la transmetodología de la investigación y las aportaciones desde la complejidad en la práctica profesional.


This reports the main findings generated from the research project called "Profile of the Psychopedagogue Professional: Contributions from an epistemological review of praxis in Chile. Concept, fields of action and current roles" carried out by the Psychopedagogue Professional Association in Chile in the period 2019-2020. In this first stage, through a transmethodology of research with a Participatory Action Research (IAP) focus, an empirical-based theoretical construct is established, which categorizes the generic competences of professional psychopedagogue in four main areas: research, evaluation, accompaniment and counseling and / or psycho-pedagogical advice. The elaborated categories are based on the hermeneutic triangulation between data, theory and experiences of various actors of the Chilean Psychopedagogy (academics, workers and students) and invite reflection on the emerging paradigmatic rupture, identity discipline, the transmethodology of research and contributions from complexity in professional practice.

5.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 9(2): 263-272, ago. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-764040

ABSTRACT

La Educación Basada en Competencias representa una estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje donde se busca que el estudiante logre un mejor desempeño en los entornos sociales cada vez más complejos a través del desarrollo de sus propias habilidades. Esto requiere que las instituciones educativas ofrezcan oportunidades curriculares que desplieguen Competencias Genéricas (CGs) transparentes y explícitas. Los desafíos contextuales de las ciencias forenses en general, y de la Odontología legal y forense en lo particular, han determinado una necesaria adaptación de sus contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales en la búsqueda de definición de sus campos específicos, desarrollo holístico de sus áreas de conocimiento, la adquisición de habilidades y experiencia, orientación hacia valores profesionales éticos, e integración de todos esos contenidos. Se presentan al Pensamiento Crítico y a la Responsabilidad Social como las CGs más idóneas para una educación focalizada en la Odontología legal y forense, como maneras de asumir el desafío de mejorar la calidad, consistencia y suficiencia de no sólo de futuros nuevos peritos sino también del profesional asistencial generalista, y se discute la trascendencia de formalizar estos aspectos según las realidades y paradigmas imperantes hoy en algunos países de habla hispana.


The competence-based training nowadays represents a strategy of teaching-learning, which supports the student to prepare him/her for better performance in the increasingly complex social environments through the development of their own skills. This model requires that educational institutions must offer curricular opportunities to develop explicit and transparent generic skills (GSs). The contextual challenges of forensic sciences in general, and of the legal and forensic dentistry in particular, have to determine a necessary adaptation of their conceptual, procedural and attitudinal contents to define their specific fields, holistic development of their areas of knowledge, the acquisition of skills and experience, orientation toward professional ethical values, and integration of all these contents. We present Critical Thinking and Social Responsibility as the more suitable GSs for a training focused on the legal and forensic dentistry. To take up the challenge to improve the quality, consistency and adequacy of not only of new future experts but also of the professional healthcare practitioner, and the significance of formalizing these aspects with the realities and prevailing paradigms today in some Spanish-speaking countries is discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Competency-Based Education , Forensic Dentistry/education , Social Responsibility , Teaching , Thinking , Learning
6.
Summa psicol. UST ; 12(2): 43-51, 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908549

ABSTRACT

La formación del psicólogo implica el abordaje tanto de competencias técnicas y específicas como el desarrollo de competencias genéricas y actitudinales. No obstante, existe escasez de instrumentos para evaluar las competencias actitudinales en población de psicólogos y estudiantes de psicología. Por esta razón el objetivo del estudio fue describir el proceso de construcción y análisis psicométrico preliminar de un instrumento de medición del perfil actitudinal en psicólogos y estudiantes de Psicología (IAPE). En las distintas fases del estudio participaron 152 estudiantes y egresados de psicología. Los participantes respondieron el IAPE y dos instrumentos para evaluar validez convergente y divergente. Los resultados indican que el instrumento final, de 17 ítems, posee una estructura unifactorial con adecuada consistencia interna. Además, los resultados dan cuenta de su validez (convergente, divergente y discriminante del instrumento). Se discute acerca de la utilidad de este instrumento en el medio nacional, a la vez que se deja claro que éste es un estudio preliminar que requiere ser replicado en el futuro.


The process of training psychologists involves addressing both technical skills and generic or attitudinal competencies. However, there are not instruments for assessing attitudinal skills in psychologists and psychology students. Therefore, the aim of the study was to describe the process of construction and preliminary validation of an instrument of attitudinal competencies in psychologists and psychology students (IAPE). 152 students and graduates of psychology were considered in the different phases of the study. Participants answered the IAPE and another two instruments to assess convergent and divergent validity. Results showed that the final instrument consist of 17 items has one-factor structure with adequate internal consistency. Furthermore, they showed the validity (convergent, divergent and discriminant) of the instrument. Finally, it is discussed the usefulness of this instrument in the national context. At the same time it is been said that this is a preliminary study, being necessary futher researchs to conclude about IAPE validity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude , Professional Competence , Psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Self Report
8.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 8(1): 101-121, jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639854

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tiene como propósito elaborar y validar un instrumento de autopercepción de las competencias genéricas del egresado de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Cali, necesarias para enfrentar las demandas del entorno laboral actual. Se identificaron y se seleccionaron 37 competencias comunes a once carreras de pregrado mediante la revisión de los antecedentes empíricos y teóricos; estas fueron sometidas a validación de contenido por once jueces expertos, y a una prueba piloto con 22 egresados de las carreras de pregrado. Se aplicó a una muestra de 574 egresados pertenecientes a las once carreras, obteniendo un instrumento final con 33 competencias genéricas, con un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,912 y se aceptan los 33 ítems del instrumento.


This article describes the development and validation of an instrument to assess the self-perception of generic competencies in graduates of a private university in the city of Cali, Colombia. Initially, the common competences from 11 undergraduate careers were selected based on the review of academic programs, empirical and theoretical backgrounds. Then, competencies were defined to build the instrument, which was evaluated by 11 expert judges, in a process of content validation. The questionnaire was applied to 22 graduates of undergraduate programs in a pilot application. Subsequently, it was applied to a sample of 574 graduates of the 11 careers, obtaining a final instrument composed of 33 generic competencies. A Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.912 was obtained and all 33 items were accepted.

9.
Interdisciplinaria ; 28(2): 299-322, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639641

ABSTRACT

El trabajo que se informa presenta los resultados finales del diseño y validación de contenido de un diccionario de competencias genéricas para el profesional en Psicología. Se hace un recuento de las diferentes definiciones dadas al concepto de competencia, desde el enfoque sociolingüístico de Hymes (1972) y del desempeño en el trabajo (McClelland, 1973). Se concluye que éstas integran el saber ser (automotivación, iniciativa y trabajo colaborativo con otros), el saber conocer (observar, explicar, comprender y analizar) y el saber hacer (desempeño basado en procedimientos y estrategias) (Braslavsky & Acosta, 2006; Cejas, 2003; Echeverría, 2002; Ibarra, 2000; Tobón, 2004). Se propone una clasificación teórica del concepto de competencia, retomando autores como Álvarez, Gómez y Ratto (2004), Peiró (2003) y Roe (2003), entre otros, la cual realiza una distinción entre competencias académicas, profesionales y laborales. Se utilizan los planteamientos de Montero y León (2005), así como los de Carretero y Pérez (2007), quienes proveen las herramientas y criterios metodológicos para la validación del diccionario de competencias mediante la evaluación de seis jueces expertos y la aplicación piloto de un instrumento a siete estudiantes y 16 egresados de la Carrera de Psicología. Los resultados de la investigación permitieron la creación de un diccionario de competencias para uso público, el cual constituye una herramienta oportuna para afrontar los retos, demandas y posibilidades para el desempeño del psicólogo, dados los cambios socioeconómicos, demográficos y culturales del Siglo XX1 que influyen sobre la formación y funciones del profesional.


The following article presents the final results of the design and content validation of a generic competencies dictionary for the trained psychologist. Different authors, such as Collazos and Garcia (1999), argue that the research and identification of competencies have helped to solve the weakness of traditional psychometric tests used to predict worker's productivity. Moreover, Peiró (2003) mentions that in defining the objectives to be achieved by education, it is required to determine the qualifications or competencies that should have a professional. However, in the field of Psychology, there is little research leading to the development of tools for identifying and evaluating competencies among students and professionals (ANECA, 2005; Castro Solano, 2004; González, 2007; Herrera, Restrepo & Uribe, 2008; Pérez-Santamarina & López, 2006; Ruiz, Jaraba & Romero, 2005; Uribe, Aristizábal, Barona & López, 2009). A theoretical overview of the concept of competency has been made, taking in to account different approaches, like the sociolinguistic (Hymes, 1972) and the job performance (McClelland, 1973). From the revised definitions and interpretations given to the concept of competence, it is concluded that they integrate self-knowledge (motivation, initiative, and teamwork with others), self-teaching (observation, explanation, comprehension, and analysis), and ‘know-how' (performance based on strategies and procedures) (Braslavsky & Acosta, 2006; Cejas, 2003; Echeverría, 2002; Ibarra, 2000; Tobón, 2004). Different classifications to the concept of competencies that have been applied to different contexts were also reviewed. For instance, Gordillo (2003) argues that competencies can be grouped into methodological, technical, social, and individual. Álvarez, Gómez, and Ratto (2004) classify them in technique and general competencies, similar to the one proposed by Ruiz, Jaraba, and Romero (2008) and the Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA, 2005), whoever divide them in general (or transverse) and specific competencies. For the purpose of this research and taking in to account these classifications, it is proposed for this work a distinction between academic, professional, and work-related generic competencies. The creation of the generic competencies dictionary for the trained psychologists followed the guidelines for instrumental studies as suggested by Montero and León (2005) and Carretero and Pérez (2007): the conceptual outline of the evaluation subject, and the design and qualitative evaluation of the items. In the content validation by expert evaluators, participated six professional psychologists with expertise in the fields of research methodology and Organizational Psychology, who are teachers of the Department of Social Sciences from a private university in Cali (Colombia). Subsequently, the pilot application of the instrument was attended by 23 people: 7 final year students of the Career of Psychology and 16 graduates of the same university. These research findings led to the creation of a generic competencies dictionary for public use, composed by 13 academic competencies, 12 professional competencies, and 10 work-related competencies. This dictionary is the result of a research aimed to identify the most significant competencies, as well as the definitions that fit these best, to ensure the recognition of crucial requirements in the field and their adequate implementation among psychologists. It is concluded that this dictionary is useful to understand standards and determine competencies that a professional psychologist must obtain from educational institutions, at least in the work and academic contexts where the research was conducted. It also constitutes a timely contribution to meet the challenges, demands, and possibilities of professional performance, given the socio-economic, demographic, and cultural changes of the 21st century, which impact the training and functions of a professional psychologist.

10.
Psicol. Caribe ; (25): 84-107, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635791

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar qué importancia y nivel de desarrollo otorgan a las competencias genéricas, además de observar en qué espacios didácticos reportan haberlas ido adquiriendo y/o desarrollando, así como conocer la organización y planificación de su tiempo de trabajo autónomo. La muestra está compuesta por 83 estudiantes de 3°, 4° y 5° de psicología. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de importancia de las competencias está por encima del nivel de desarrollo alcanzado; los espacios didácticos predominantes son las clases teóricas y las prácticas. El mayor porcentaje de tiempo está dedicado a trabajar en grupo y preparar exámenes. Se han encontrado diferencias significativas en función del sexo, turno y curso. Se plantean sugerencias de mejora para aumentar la calidad docente.


The objective of this investigation is to analyze the importance and the development level attributed to generic competences, also to observe in what didactic spaces have these been acquired and/or developed, as well as knowing the organization and the planning of the time of autonomous work. The sample is composed by 83 psychology students of 3rd, 4th and 5th semester. The results show that the level of importance of the competences is above the level of development reached; the didactic spaces where they have acquired most of the competences are the theoretical classes and the practical activities. The biggest percentage of their time is dedicated to work in groups and to prepare for exams. There have been significant differences in terms of gender, schedule and course. Suggestions to improve quality of education are made.

11.
Rev. bras. orientac. prof ; 7(2): 33-48, dez. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-693048

ABSTRACT

Este artículo teórico, de ensayo psicopedagógico, trata de explicar que se puede trasladar un modelo de evaluación de competencias a otro modelo, paralelo de formación de las mismas. La autora inicia su discurso con una introducción que justifica el interés internacional por el desarrollo de la competencia laboral en el mundo del trabajo, presenta algunas definiciones del término “competencia”, introduce un modelo clasificatorio entre varios de los que existen, pasa a relatar los métodos para evaluar competencias y, finalmente, expone un modelo de formación de las siete competencias genéricas más significativas y demandadas en el mundo del trabajo.


Este artigo teórico, de ensaio psicopedagógico, objetiva demonstrar que se pode transpor um modelo de avaliação de competências a outro modelo, paralelo, de formação das mesmas. A autora inicia seu discurso com uma introdução que justifica o interesse internacional pelo desenvolvimento da competência laboral no mundo do trabalho, apresenta algumas definições do termo competência, introduz um modelo classificatório entre os vários que existem, relata os métodos para avaliar competências e, finalmente, expõe um modelo de formação de sete competências genéricas mais significativas e demandadas no mundo do trabalho.


This psychopedagogical theoretical essay aims at showing that it is possible to apply a model of competence evaluation to propose a model to develop those competences. The author justifies her proposal as based on the international demand for development of job competences. She presents some definitions of competence, proposes a classification model, describes some competence evaluation methods and proposes a model to develop the seven more demanded general competences in the job market.


Subject(s)
Evaluation Studies as Topic , Professional Competence , Staff Development
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