ABSTRACT
Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez, "moena negra", es una especie comercial que se desarrolla en los bosques del llano aluvial inundable de la Amazonía peruana. Este estudio, proporciona información sobre su crecimiento, y que puede utilizarse en el manejo de la especie. Se analizó la abundancia y estructura de O. cernua en nueve parcelas permanentes (100 m x 100 m) y 24 transectos (40 m x 100 m). El análisis de los registros sobre crecimiento en diámetro, mostró que el incremento anual medio y el incremento anual máximo, alcanzan un valor máximo de 9.5 y 17.4 mm/año, ambos en la clase diamétrica de 25 a 30 cm. Tomando como base ambos incrementos, el tiempo necesario para que un árbol alcance diámetros >30 cm DAP, sería de 60 y 34 años, respectivamente. Basado en factores de competencia entre árboles, el modelo de crecimiento ajustado estima que la tasa máxima de crecimiento en diámetro anual es 2.10, 1.28 y 0.50 cm para árboles con baja, media y alta competencia. Esta tasa máxima de crecimiento ocurre cuando los árboles cuentan con DAP que oscilan entre 21.10, 20.28 y 20.50 cm, para baja, media y alta competencia, respectivamente; sin embargo, el tiempo que requiere un árbol para obtener dichos diámetros varía enormemente, con valores de 12.31 cm para baja competencia, 20.35 para media competencia y 54.51 años para alta competencia.
Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez "moena negra" is a commercial species that thrives in alluvial floodplain forests in the Peruvian Amazon. This study presents information about diameter growth of O. cernua and provides useful information for its forest management. The stand density and structure was analysed in nine permanent sample plots (100 m x 100 m) and 24 transects (40 m x 100 m). Analysis of tree diameters at different time indicates maximum values of 9.5 and 17.4 mm/year for the average annual diameter increment and the maximum annual diameter increment respectively; both into 25 ‒ 30 cm diameter classes. Considering this increments, a tree will reach a diameter higher than 30 cm DAP, in 60 to 34 years respectively. Estimations of the adjusted model showed the maximum annual growth increment estimated in 2.10, 1.28 and 0.50 cm for trees with low, medium and high competition, corresponding to trees with DBHs of 21.10, 20.28 and 20.50 cm for trees with low, medium and high competition, respectively. However, the time required to reach such diameters is highly variable with values of 12.31, 20.35 and 54.51 years, respectively.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The intercropping is a production system that aims to provide increased yield with less environmental impact, due to greater efficiency in the use of natural resources and inputs involved in the production process. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic viability of kale and New Zealand spinach intercropping as a function of the spinach transplanting time. (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting of the kale). The total yield (TY) and yield per harvest (YH) of the kale in intercropping did not differ from those obtained in monoculture. The spinach TY was influenced by the transplanting time, the earlier the transplanting, the higher the TY. The spinach YH was not influenced by the transplanting time, but rather by the cultivation system. In intercropping, the spinach YH was 13.5% lower than in monoculture. The intercropping was agronomically feasible, since the land use efficiency index, which was not influenced by the transplanting time, had an average value of 1.71, indicating that the intercropping produced 71% more kale and spinach than the same area in monoculture. Competitiveness coefficient, aggressiveness and yield loss values showed that kale is the dominating species and spinach is the dominated.