ABSTRACT
Licorice extract has the efficacy of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation and anti-aging. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. This paper analyzes the status of licorice extract’s global trade and its international competitiveness. The main purpose is to clarify the status of our country’s licorice extract in the international market and provide reference for improving the international competitive advantage of licorice extract of China. Germany, the United States, Netherlands, France, Japan, Israel and China were the main import and export countries for licorice extract. The international market share (IMS), trade competitiveness index (TC Index), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA Index) and competitive advantage index (CA Index) were used to compare the licorice extract’s international competitiveness of these countries. It showed that Israel has the strongest international competitiveness and followed by France. The United States has the maximum IMS, but its competitiveness was on sagging tendency. Germany and the Netherlands are the major importers of licorice extract. Although they are lack of international competitiveness, its international competitiveness is on the rise, especially in Germany. China’s licorice extract has a high IMS, but its international trade competitiveness is weak, far lower than the United States and France. Japan was the basic export country of China’s licorice extract. The TC index and CA index of licorice extract in Japan are less than zero, which means Japan’s licorice extract is not competitive.
ABSTRACT
To study the data of the trade of the ginseng products in the UN COMTRADE database and analyze the overall situation of the international trade of the ginseng products. China, South Korea, Canada, and the United States are not only the market for the production of ginseng products, but also the main consumer markets for Ginseng products. Hong Kong, China is dominated by entrepot trade and is an important consumer market for ginseng products as well. The four countries mentioned above and Hong Kong, China, play a decisive role in the international trade of ginseng products. Using trade specialization coefficient (TSC), international market share (IMS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), and competitive advantage (CA), the trade status of the Ginseng products in the four countries from 2007 to 2015 was studied, and the situation of its trade competitiveness was analyzed. The results showed that the average values of three indicators of international trade competitiveness of Canada were ranked the first with the absolute superiority except the mean value of TSC, which was slightly lower than that of South Korea. The average of TSC indicators of South Korea was ranked first, the means of RCA and CA were ranked the second in the world. As for China, the three indexes were all ranked the third except for IMS, ranked the second. However, the four indicators in the United States were all ranked in the last place.
ABSTRACT
La presencia velada de posturas mercantiles en la práctica médica, arropadas bajo la sombra cómplice de argumentos que hacen ver la especialización de la atención médica como ventajosa en la carrera por alcanzar la mayor calidad en la prestación de servicios de salud a bajo costo, amerita discusión. Este argumento, trasplantado al sector de la salud desde el mundo empresarial y de los negocios por Michael Porter y Elizabeth Teisberg, es uno de los pilares para el posicionamiento privilegiado y sustentable de una estrategia competitiva de rentabilidad superior, cuya aritmética es simple: la especialización en la atención de pacientes bien escogidos y la concentración de dicha atención, promueve la efectividad operacional, permite disminuir costos, cobrar mayores precios promedio por unidad de servicio prestado e ir tras las utilidades de la inversión. La estrategia competitiva consiste en diferenciarse como prestador experimentado en el tipo de atención brindada y/o contar con el mejor ajuste del entramado de actividades conducentes a la prestación del servicio especializado. Esta marcha hacia el cribado de pacientes a ser atendidos por complejos asistenciales de alta sofisticación tecnológica y de élite científico médica, no deja de ser una incursión más del mundo de los negocios del sector privado que deja inerme la gestión pública de asistencia hospitalaria. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 40-44).
The veiled presence of trading positions in medical practice, hidden under the accomplice shadow of arguments that make to see the specialization of health care delivery as advantageous in the race to achieve the highest quality in the provision of health services at low cost, merits discussion. This argument, transplanted to the health sector from the corporate and business world by Michael Porter and Elizabeth Teisberg, is one of the cornerstones for the privileged and sustainable positioning of an outperformance competitive strategy, whose arithmetic is simple: specialization in the care of well-chosen patients and the concentration of such care promotes operational effectiveness, helps to reduce costs, charge higher average prices per unit of service provided and pursue investment earnings. Competitive strategy consists in differentiating itself as a provider experienced in the type of care provided and / or rely on the best fit of the framework of activities leading to the delivery of a specialized care service. This screening of patients to be attended by high-care complex technological sophistication and of elite medical science, is still a raid of the business world of the private sector that defenseless the public management of hospital care. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 40-44).