Application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Patients suffering from zygomatic complex fractures always present facial deformity and dysfunctions, and thereafter develop psychological and physiological problems. It is really hard to get an ideal prognosis for the zygomatic complex fractures because of the complicated anatomical structures. Computer-assisted surgery techniques, as the new emerging auxiliary methods, can optimize the surgical protocol, predict operation outcomes, and improve the accuracy and quality of the operation. Meanwhile the postoperative complications can be reduced effectively. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures.

Reduction and Fixation of Zygomatic Complex Fractures with Miniplates at the Fronto-zygomatic Suture and Zygomatic Buttress Area-A Clinical Study

Background Zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures are one of the most frequently occurring injuries of the facial skeleton due to its position and also the facial contour. The principal aetiologic factors that may result in zygomatic bone fracture include assaults, road traffic accidents and also falls. There are many methods of fixation that have been applied for treatment of zygomatic arch fractures. Aim To reduce and fix the zygomatic complex fracture using miniplates at the fronto-zygomatic suture and zygomatic buttress area. Material and method The present study includes five cases of zygomatic complex fractures who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad. The operative procedure adopted was the lateral bow incision for exposure of fronto-zygomatic suture, the Gillie temporal approach for reducing the zygoma and intra-oral incision for exposure of zygomatic buttress fracture. Fixation was done with miniplates at the fronto-zygomatic suture and the zygomatic maxillary buttress suture. Result All the cases were successfully treated without any post-operative complications and with uneventful restoration of aesthetics and function.

Design and biomechanical study of a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate for fixing greater and lesser tuberosities in complex proximal humeral fractures,and evaluate its fixing stability by biomechanical tests.Methods Twelve fresh-frozen humerus specimens with intact rotator cuff were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) to establish the same greater and lesser tuberosities fracture models.Specimens in Group A were fixed with the double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate,while specimens in Group B were fixed with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and tension band suture,and a 3.5-mm cannulated screw was added to stabilize the lesser tuberosity.The tensile test on subscapularis,infraspinatus and teres,supraspi natus as well as the load-to-failure test on greater and lesser tuberosities were performed on specimens in two groups.Results For subscapularis tensile tests,displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test in Group A were both significantly smaller than those in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).For infraspinatus and teres tensile tests,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P ＞ 0.05).For supraspinatus tensile tests,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 90 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P ＞ 0.05).For load-to-failure tests on lesser tuberosity,the failure load in Group A was significantly greater than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.05),and the failure displacement in Group A was significantly smaller than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).For load-to-failure tests on greater tuberosity,there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in both the failure load and failure displacement (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with the ordinary tension band suture plus cannulated screw for fixing lesser tuberosity,the novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate shows more obvious biomechanical stability,with the advantage of simultaneously fixing greater and lesser tuberosities.The research findings provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.

Design and biomechanical study of a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate / 医用生物力学

Objective To design a novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate for fixing greater and lesser tuberosities in complex proximal humeral fractures, and evaluate its fixing stability by biomechanical tests. Methods Twelve fresh-frozen humerus specimens with intact rotator cuff were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) to establish the same greater and lesser tuberosities fracture models. Specimens in Group A were fixed with the double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate, while specimens in Group B were fixed with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) and tension band suture, and a 3.5-mm cannulated screw was added to stabilize the lesser tuberosity. The tensile test on subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres, supraspinatus as well as the load-to-failure test on greater and lesser tuberosities were performed on specimens in two groups. Results For subscapularis tensile tests, displacements under 150 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test in Group A were both significantly smaller than those in Group B (P0.05). For supraspinatus tensile tests, there were no statistical differences between Group A and B in displacements under 90 N tensile stretch and after fatigue test (P>0.05). For load-to-failure tests on lesser tuberosity, the failure load in Group A was significantly greater than that in Group B (P0.05). Conclusions Compared with the ordinary tension band suture plus cannulated screw for fixing lesser tuberosity, the novel double-leaf proximal humeral locking plate shows more obvious biomechanical stability, with the advantage of simultaneously fixing greater and lesser tuberosities. The research findings provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures.

Infraorbital nerve transpositioning into orbital floor: a modified technique to minimize nerve injury following zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures

OBJECTIVES: Transpositioning of the inferior alveolar nerve to prevent injury in lower jaw has been advocated for orthognathic, pre-prosthetic and for implant placement procedures. However, the concept of infra-orbital nerve repositioning in cases of mid-face fractures remains unexplored. The infraorbital nerve may be involved in trauma to the zygomatic complex which often results in sensory disturbance of the area innervated by it. Ten patients with infraorbital nerve entrapment were treated in similar way at our maxillofacial surgery centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this article we are reporting three cases of zygomatico-maxillary complex fracture in which intra-operative repositioning of infra-orbital nerve into the orbital floor was done. This was done to release the nerve from fractured segments and to reduce the postoperative neural complications, to gain better access to fracture site and ease in plate fixation. This procedure also decompresses the nerve which releases it off the soft tissue entrapment caused due to trauma and the organized clot at the fractured site. RESULTS: There was no evidence of sensory disturbance during their three month follow-up in any of the patient. CONCLUSION: Infraorbital nerve transposition is very effective in preventing paresthesia in patients which fracture line involving the infraorbital nerve.

Isolated bilateral zygomatic complex and zygomatic arch fractures with oral submucous fibrosis: An unusual and rare case report.

Zygomatic bone forms major buttress of the facial skeleton and plays an important role in facial contour. Fractures of zygomatic complex are second most common only next to nasal bone fractures. Motor vehicle accidents and interpersonal violence are common causes. Bilateral fractures of zygomatic complex and zygomatic arch are very rare. We present a case report of isolated fractures involving bilateral zygomatic complex and zygomatic arch with oral submucous fibrosis, which is unique and first of its kind to be reported.

Fijación interna transarticular como tratamiento de fracturas articulares complejas de radio distal. Resultados preliminares / Transarticular internal fixation for the treatment of articular complex fractures of the distal radius. Preliminary results

Introducción: El tratamiento de las fracturas articulares complejas del tercio distal del radio con extensión metafisiaria representan un reto terapéutico. Una opción de tratamiento es la fijación interna "tipo puente" transarticular dorsal con placa. Material y métodos: Nueve pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se utilizaron placas DCP, LC-DCP y LCP de 3,5mm Ø de 12, 14 y 16 orificios. El seguimiento fue de 8,33 ± (6-14) meses. Para la valoración de resultados se utilizó la escala radiológica de Montoya y las escalas funcionales "Mayo Wrist Score" y "Quick Dash". Resultados: Todas las fracturas consolidaron en un promedio de 79,11 días. A los 6 meses del seguimiento, el promedio de flexión de la muñeca fue 48º, 49° de extensión, 65° de supinación y 64° de pronación. Según la escala de Montoya el 66,67% presentó consolidación de la fractura Grado III. Según el Mayo Wrist Score 55,56% obtuvieron un resultado satisfactorio. Según el Quick Dash se alcanzó un promedio de 20,21 puntos de discapacidad. Discusión: El uso de la fijación interna transarticular dorsal con la placa 3,5 mm Ø puede ser una técnica efectiva para el tratamiento de fracturas articulares complejas de radio distal. Esta técnica debe ser acompañada de un esquema de rehabilitación post operatorio agresivo(AU)

Introduction: The treatment of complex articular of distal radius fractures with metaphyseal extension represent a therapeutic challenge. One treatment option is "bridge type" internal transarticular fixation with dorsal plate. Material and methods: Nine patients were included. 12, 14 and 16 holes DCP, LC-DCP and LCP plates 3.5 mm Ø were used. The mean follow-up was 8.33 ± (6-14) months. For the assessment of the radiological results Montoya scale was used, and for functional results "Mayo Wrist Score" and "Quick DASH". Results: All fractures healed at an average of 79.11 days. At 6 months follow-up, the average wrist flexion was 48°, with 49° of extension , 65° of supination and 64° of pronation. 66.67% reach Grade III fracture by Montoya scale. 55.56 % obtained a satisfactory result according to Mayo Wrist Score. According to Quick Dash, mean 20,21 points disabilities was reached. Discussion: The use of transarticular internal fixation with dorsal 3.5 mm Ø plate can be an effective technique for the treatment of complex articular fractures of the distal radius. This technique should be accompanied by an outline of aggressive post operative rehabilitation(AU)

Atypical Typical Avulsion Zygomatic Bone Fracture / Fratura avulsiva atípica de zigona

Avulsion injuries of facial bones are rare, as well as accounts regarding the management of these lesions. This study describes a facial trauma that resulted from a bull gore, which caused the avulsion of the zygomatic bone, which was left hanging by only a small pedicle. The case study involved a 36 year old male leukoderma patient who sought the Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Trauma Department at the Emergency Unit in Pelotas-RS (Brazil). Clinical examination showed extensive laceration of the face in the middle third area on the left side, with the avulsion of the zygomatic body, causing the displacement of the eyeball towards the maxillary sinus. Treatment included bone and eyeball repositioning, zygoma fixation and suture, yielding good aesthetic and functional results. The peculiarity of the etiology and the particular features of the trauma are highlighted... (AU)

Lesões avulsivas dos ossos faciais são raras, assim como descrições quanto ao manejo dessas injúrias. Este estudo descreve um traumatismo facial decorrente de uma chifrada de um boi, que ocasionou a avulsão do osso zigomático, restando preso apenas por um pequeno pedículo. Trata-se de um paciente gênero masculino, 36 anos, leucoderma, que procurou o serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital de Pronto-Socorro da cidade de Pelotas-RS (Brasil). Ao exame clínico observava-se extensa laceração na face, em área de terço médio, lado esquerdo, com avulsão do corpo do zigoma, determinando o deslocamento do globo ocular em direção ao seio maxilar. O tratamento constou de reposicionamento ósseo e do globo ocular, fixação do zigoma e sutura, obtendo-se um bom resultado estético e funcional. Destaca-se a peculiaridade da etiologia e características únicas deste trauma... (AU)

Zygomatic Arch Fracture Reduction via Gillie's (Temporal) Approach—Report of 3 Cases

In mid-face, the zygomatic bone and arch represents the bridge between the maxilla, orbital cavity and temporal bone anterosuperior and posterior, respectively. Zygomatic arch plays a potential relation with the maxilla, petrous part of temporal bone, orbits and the multitude of structures contained within and posterior to it make the temporomandibular joint functionally. Fracture of the zygomatic arch of the bone is potentially disturb the function of the mandibular jaw while opening and closing as well as disfigure by forming depression on face even in case of undisplaced. In time and reduction of arch fracture provides the best chance to avoid facial deformity, jaw dysfunction and prevents unfavorable sequelae. We conclude that, Gillies approach for undisplaced arch fracture reduction will be considerable due to simple and effective method and cosmetically more acceptable.

Treatment of Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Modified Patient Positioning for the Combined Anterior and Posterior Approaches

We have treated thirteen complex plateau fractures involving both condyles with one of the following conditions with the use of the combined anterior and posterior approaches in a modified supine position. Associated PCL avulsion fracture, displacement of major fracture plane dominantly at the back, large coronal fracture fragment involving medial or lateral condyles. A patient is placed on an operation table in supine position with a bump under the contralateral buttock. The well leg is placed in a lithotomy position and the injured leg is placed over a sterilized Mayo stand separately. For the posterior approach the table was tilt toward the injured side with the hip abducted and rotated externally. With a modified patient's positioning we were able to use combined anterior and posterior approaches simultaneously for the management of certain complex plateau fractures without changing the draping.

Open reduction and internal fixation with anatomical plate to treat complex fractures of distal femur / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment of complex fractures of distal femur with open reduction and internal fixation with anatomical plate. Methods From January 2001 to June 2004, 67 cases of complex fractures of distal femur were treated with open reduction and anatomical plate internal fixation. The allogeneic bone was grafted for 23 cases, ilium was grafted for 35 cases, ilium and fibula were grafted for 9 cases. Bio- resorbable membranes were used between quadriceps femoris and femur. 13 cases were aided with patella traction. All the patients received fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM(continuous passive motion) after operation. Results All the 67 cases were followed up for 10 to 26 months. All the fractures got united. The postoperative knee functions were excellent in 36 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases according to Kolment standards. The excellent and good rate was 88.1% . Conclusions Open reduction, internal fixation with anatomical plate, bone grafting, local use of bio- resorbable membranes, patella traction when necessary, fumigation and rinsing with Chinese herbs and CPM after operation are good measures to treat complex fractures of the distal femur, because they can provide stable fixation, allow early postoperative functional training, and prevent adhesion of quadriceps femoris and stiffness of the knee joint