ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVELS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN HARYANA- 2011

This paper is an attempt to assess the levels of regional development in Haryana in 2011. The basic unit of analysis is district. There are eight variables chosen for the measurement of the regional development levels in Haryana which are: Share of urban population, Literacy Rate, No. of Recognized High/Sr. Sec. Schools per 100 km² area, No. of Medical Institutions Per 100 km² area, No. of Medical Institutions Per Lakh Population, No. of Rural Development Co- operative Societies per Lakh Population, No. of registered working factories per 100 km² and Workers employed in registered working factories per Lakh Population. Further, Z- Scores have been computed for district wise scores of each indicator to prepare a composite index of regional development. By this exercise, it has been observed that Faridabad is the most developed district of the state, whereas Mewat is the most backward district of Haryana

Quality evaluation of infectious disease surveillance data in Lianyungang City in 2017 - 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the quality of infectious disease surveillance data and provide scientific basis for improving data quality and health decision-making. Methods The comprehensive index of infectious disease monitoring system evaluation and the integrity, accuracy and reliability of infectious disease report data were used to evaluate the quality of infectious disease monitoring data in multiple dimensions. Results In 2021, The comprehensive evaluation index of infectious disease surveillance system was 98.40%. In terms of data integrity, 1 105 data were missing, and the incomplete rate was 1.46%; In terms of data accuracy, 1978 cases were not accurately, rate of accuracy was 26.72%; In terms of data reliability, the card reporting rate of tertiary medical institutions accounted for 67.05%, the diagnosis rate of confirmed cases was 27.74%, and the correction rate of report card was 28.48%. Conclusion The accuracy and reliability of infectious disease data are insufficient, and new methods for infectious disease monitoring data quality are expanded to make up for the lack of data quality evaluation of the current national epidemic system.

A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study to assess the Burden of Prevalence of Undernutrition in 0−6 Years Anganwadi Children of Panvel Block, Raigad District, Maharashtra

An impaired nutritional status in preschool children leaves significant impact on their overall childhood development. A community‑based, cross‑sectional study was conducted in Panvel, Maharashtra, over 15 months to assess the overall prevalence and patterns of undernutrition in preschool children using the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). The sample size of 8542 was obtained from randomly selected 132 Anganwadis. Conventional indices (underweight, stunting, and wasting) and CIAF classification were used to assess the prevalence of undernutrition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 27. About 50.6% of children were detected as “anthropometric failure” by CIAF method which is higher than conventional indices for underweight (32.9%), stunting (35.7%), and wasting (16.4%). The 13–25 months’ age group was most significantly affected (57%) as per the CIAF. Undernutrition prevalence was similar for both genders across all age groups. A comprehensive policy is needed to identify and treat all anthropometrical failure children with special emphasis on 13–25 months’ age group.

Are household food security, nutrient adequacy, and childhood nutrition clustered together? A cross-sectional study in Bankura, West Bengal

Background: Research on different measures of food security and their interrelation in order to identify vulnerable households are scarce in India. Objectives: The objective was to assess household food security (HHFS), nutrient adequacy, dietary diversity, and nutritional status of under-five children along with their interrelation in the slums of Bankura Municipality, West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2016–2017 among 240 households using two-stage 30-cluster random sampling. Information regarding socioeconomic characteristics, availability, and utilization of different poverty alleviation schemes was collected. HHFS was assessed by a validated HHFS scale-short form in Bengali and nutrient adequacy with 24-h recall method. The eldest under-five child in the family was measured for anthropometry using standard procedure and for dietary diversity with the Individual Dietary Diversity Score. Results: Overall, 74 (29.1%) households had “food security,” whereas 102 (44.3%) and 64 (26.6%) had, respectively, low and very low food security. Among 190 under-five children, 63 (35.3%) had single and 50 (25.5%) had multiple anthropometric failures. Overall, 89 (36.1%) households were deficient for both energy and protein and 111 (47.6%) had deficiency of either of these two. Indicators on the utilization of different poverty alleviation schemes were associated with low/very low food security. A “Composite Index of Food Scarcity” comprising of HHFS, nutrient adequacy, and dietary diversity was proposed which was found to have dose–response relationship with grades of anthropometric failure of under-five children. Conclusions: An index comprising of three indicators might help identify the vulnerable households in relation to food security more effectively than a single indicator.

Identification of undernutrition in under five children: Z score or a composite index of anthropometric failure?

Background: Undernutrition continues to be the primary cause of ill health and premature mortality. The sustainable development goal 2 aims to end all forms of hunger by 2030 and lead towards an improvement in child health. The national data categorize the level of undernutrition as underweight, wasting and stunting. The weight for age estimates used under ICDS misses out the other forms of malnutrition. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of undernutrition using a composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) and compare it with conventional indices.Methods: A community based setting and cross-sectional study design. By simple random sampling 265 under-five children residing in a marginalized community of North West district of Delhi. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect information and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard operative procedures. Z scores were calculated by WHO-ANTHRO software version 3.2.2. Descriptive analysis was conducted using statistical package for social sciences version 22.Results: The prevalence of anthropometric failure by CIAF was 60.5% and based on other indices undernutrition was found as 44.5% stunting, 35.4% underweight and 26.4% wasting. MUAC detected 23.7% of undernourished. CIAF provides a better picture of undernutrition compared to other indices.Conclusions: Since CIAF is more than that estimated by any of the conventional indicators, it proves to be a better indicator in assessing the overall burden of under-nutrition in a population. Development of policies based on CIAF to reduce the burden of undernutrition may prove to be more effective.

Nutritional assessment among children (1–5 years of age) using various anthropometric indices in a rural area of Haryana, India

Global Nutrition Targets 2025 specified a set of six global nutrition targets, and one aim is to achieve a 40% reduction in the number of children under 5 years of age who are stunted. National data on underweight provided under National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) (2015–2016) revealed an underweight prevalence rate around 35.7% as compared to NFHS-3 where it was 42.5%, which reflects only 6.8% reduction in underweight over a decade. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Rohtak district during October 2014 to September 2015 among children who were 1–5 years of age. The anthropometric measurement and nutritional status categorization among children were done using the WHO guidelines. Results: A total of 600 children participated in the study. Around 41.3% of the study participants had stunting as their nutritional status, while taking composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) for nutritional status into consideration, nearly 54.4% of the participants were undernourished. Stunting and underweight were more prevalent among girls. Conclusions: Composite anthropometric index provides the actual prevalence or proportion of undernourished children in a community, so the policies should be based on the basis of CIAF so to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition in the community more effectively.

Relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index and prognosis of patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To analyze the relationship of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and clinicopathological features with the prognosis of patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: The clinical data of 316 patients with SCLC brain metastases were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship of inflammatory complex index and clinical data with the prognosis of patients was analyzed, and the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of SII, NLR, PLR and PNI. The prognostic factors of SCLC patients with brain metastases were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Results: The median overall survival time of 316 patients with SCLC brain metastases was 11 months. The 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 38.92%, 12.66% and 5.4%, respectively. The optimal cut-off values of SII, NLR, PLR and PNI were determined by ROC curve to be 968.50, 2.68, 140.23 and 52.60, respectively. The age, smoking history, treatment, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score, number of brain metastases, extracranial metastasis, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, hemoglobin level, NLR, PLR, SII and PNI were all associated with the prognosis of SCLC patients with brain metastases (all P < 0.05). The smoking history, ECOG PS score, extracranial metastasis, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, SII and PNI were independent prognostic factors for the SCLC patients with brain metastases (all P< 0.05). Conclusion: The peripheral blood SII before treatment may be an independent prognostic factor in the patients with brain metastases of SCLC.

Medir la situación digital académica: una acción de la gestión del conocimiento / Measuring the academic digital situation: a knowledge management action

Resumen La Sociedad(es) de la Información y del Conocimiento se caracterizan por la omnipresencia de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) y el uso intensivo de la información y el conocimiento en los diferentes sectores; sin embargo, es indiscutible la manera en cómo las comunidades se incorporan a ese entorno globalizado y cambiante, aflorando inequidades socioeconómicas y la misma brecha digital. En tales circunstancias, la institución educativa realza su importancia al ser productora de conocimiento y formadora de ciudadanos, exigiéndole identificar sus fortalezas y falencias en su actuar coherente con las exigencias sociales, donde su preparación y aporte, desde los procesos de inclusión digital, son fundamentales. En vista de lo anterior, el presente documento es un aporte a la gestión del conocimiento en el campo académico, mediante dos experiencias de medición de la situación digital en sendas poblaciones, esto es, jóvenes estudiantes de educación media y docentes de educación superior, con el diseño y la aplicación de índices compuestos, que recogen aspectos genéricos del sector TIC y específicos de los grupos poblacionales, útiles para el diseño y la evaluación de iniciativas de inclusión digital.

Risk factors analysis of hypercoagulability and its effects on deep venous thrombosis formation in bedridden senile patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical value of thromboelastogram(TEG) in predicting the deep venous thrombosis(DVT) formation of bedridden senile patients and further explore the risk factors for hypercoagulability in those patients.Methods Patients lying on bed for at least 1 year because of alzheimer's disease,stroke and fracture,aged between 70 to 90 years old,were selected in the Geriatrics Department of Shougang Hospital of Peking University from February 2013 to February 2014.Those patients were divided by Clotting composite index(CI) measured with TEG,CI less than and equal to 3 was control group,CI more than 3 was hypercoagulable group.The patients were followed-up for one year to identify the formation of DVT.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of elderly patients with high blood coagulation state in bed.Results Two groups of baseline blood clots elastic graph indicators:Angle(α) of solidification,CI,coagulation time(K),the biggest thrombosis(MA),blood coagulation reaction time(R) comparative differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In view of the bedridden elderly patients of high coagulation state,according to the result of single factor analysis of related factors,high coagulation state revealed with age(P=0.047),history of diabetes(P=0.001),bed time(P=0.043),tumor(P=0.001),fracture(P=0.002),but unrelated with sex,blood lipids,blood pressure,alcohol consumption,left ventricular ejection fraction.The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that fracture(OR(95%CI):5.634(1.114~28.496),P=0.037),tumor(OR(95%CI):4.652(1.142~18.955),P=0.032) and diabetes mellitus(OR(95%CI):6.269(1.528~25.725),P=0.011) were independent risk factors for DVT.Conclusion The incidence of DVT in bedridden senile patients with hypercoagulability identified by CI is higher than those with normal coagulability.Tumor,fracture and diabetes mellitus are independent risk factors for DVT.

Research on the relationship between disease composite index and the prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To assess the impact of a composite index which combines the prognosis of specific hematologic malignancies and the disease remission state pre-transplant on the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods A total of 148 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from Jan,2007 to Feb,2012 in the Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center of Ruijin Hospital were included in this retrospective analysis.According to the composite score,patients were classified into low-risk group (n =17),medium-risk group (n =100) and high-risk group (n =31).The overall survival (OS),event free survival (EFS),treatment related mortality (TRM) and relapse rate (RR) were analyzed.Results Significant difference had been found on OS (76.5 ％ vs 66.0 ％ vs 41.9 ％,P =0.002),EFS (70.6 ％ vs 57.0 ％ vs 32.3 ％,P =0.001) and RR (41.9 ％ vs 27.0 ％ vs 5.9 ％,P ＜ 0.001) among the three groups.However,there was no impact on treatment related mortality (23.5 ％,17.0 ％,29.0 ％,P =0.190).Multivariate analysis suggested that the composite index affecting the OS,EFS and RR of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P =0.005,P =0.001,P ＜ 0.001),but not the TRM (P =0.666).To some extent,it was an independent prognosis index on RR.Conclusion The composite index is closely related to the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Assessment of nutritional status by composite index for anthropometric failure: A study among slum children in Bankura, West Bengal.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the prevalence of composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) among 117 slum dwelling under-five children in Bankura town, West Bengal and its relation with some common socio-economic factors. Among study population, the prevalence of underweight was 41.6%, whereas CIAF was 80.3%. CIAF gave a near complete estimation of undernutrition unlike underweight. Children who were unimmunized, with more number of siblings, living in a nuclear family, or with illiterate mothers were more likely to be undernourished.

Proposed New Anthropometric Indices of Childhood Undernutrition

The three conventional anthropometric indicators of childhood undernutrition are stunting (low height-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and wasting (low weight-for-height). Recently a new composite index, namely the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) has been proposed and utilised to study childhood undernutrition. In this paper, we have attempted to construct three new indices of undernutrition, relative to the CIAF. These three indices are: Stunting Index (SI) = Stunting / CIAF, Underweight Index (UI) = Underweight / CIAF and Wasting Index (WI) = Wasting / CIAF. Furthermore, we have calculated and compared these indices using our dataset as well as other existing datasets. Using our dataset, the sex-combined values of SI, UI and WI were 0.364, 0.866 and 0.684, respectively. The corresponding values among boys were 0.364, 0.866 and 0.729. Among girls, they were 0.380, 0.866 and 0.641, respectively. When applied to the all India dataset, the values of SI, UI and WI were 0.756, 0.788 and 0.266, respectively. Similar values (SI = 0.723, UI = 0.681, WI = 0.294) were observed when they were computed on data available from Coimbatore, South India. In conclusion, we suggest that these three new indices provide additional information on the prevalence of different forms of undernutrition relative to the total level of undernutrition in a particular population.