ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en colaboración entre profesionales cubanos y venezolanos involucrados en la dirección del proceso de formación de la carrera Medicina Integral Comunitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud Hugo Rafael Chávez, con el propósito de valorar el impacto de la actividad comunitaria en la formación de los estudiantes de Medicina Integral Comunitaria en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en el Estado Falcón, en el período de febrero a septiembre de 2020. El universo lo representa 508 estudiantes de la carrera y la muestra estuvo conformada por 244 que se incorporaron en las actividades comunitaria en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Se utilizó la observación participativa e informes diarios de actividad de pesquisa, la revisión documental, encuesta y técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Se emplearon medidas resúmenes como media, porcentaje que permitieron la búsqueda y procesamiento de la información. Los principales resultados fueron la transformación del personal pedagógico en los diferentes niveles de dirección y la organización del sistema de influencia en los estudiantes, la introducción de un nuevo estilo de trabajo en función de elevar la calidad del proceso docente educativo a partir de la educación a distancia, la integración de los estudiantes a las actividades comunitarias en la contingencia y su impacto en la formación integral de los futuros profesionales de la salud, así como la solución de los problemas de salud de las comunidades del territorio.
An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in collaboration between Cuban and Venezuelan professionals involved in the direction of the training process of the Comprehensive Community Medicine career at the Hugo Rafael Chávez University of Health Sciences, with the purpose of assessing the impact of the community activity in the comprehensive training of Comprehensive Community Medicine students in the confrontation with COVID-19 in Falcón State, from February to September 2020. The universe is represented by 508 students from the Comprehensive Community Medicine career and The sample consisted of 244 students who joined community activities in the fight against COVID-19. Participatory observation and daily reports of research activity, documentary review, survey and descriptive statistical techniques were used using summary measures such as average, percentage, which allowed the search remains and information processing, the main results obtained were the transformation of the pedagogical personnel at the different levels of management and the organization of the system of influence on the students, the introduction of a new style of work in order to raise the quality of the process educational teacher from distance education, the integration of students into community activities in the contingency and its impact on the comprehensive training of future health professionals and the solution of health problems in the communities of the territory.
ABSTRACT
Como parte de la especialización en medicina general integral, la investigación es una herramienta que le permite a los futuros especialistas la constante búsqueda y solución de los problemas científicos referidos a sus pacientes, familias, comunidades y ambientes. Con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre algunos fundamentos éticos vinculados al proceso de investigación en salud se realizó este estudio, donde se ofrecen argumentos sobre las intervenciones comunitarias que se ejecutan en la Atención Primaria de Salud, con el propósito de modificar conocimientos en los individuos mediante la continua exploración de estilos de vida más saludables. También se hace referencia al papel del tutor como componente vital en la adecuada planificación y ejecución de la actividad investigativ
As part of the specialization in general comprehensive medicine, investigation is a tool that allows to the future specialists the constant search and solution to the scientific problems regarding his patients, families, communities and atmospheres. With the objective of meditating on some ethical bases linked to the investigation process in health this study was carried out, where arguments are offered on the community interventions which take place in the Primary Health Care, with the purpose of modifying knowledge in the individuals by means of the continuous exploration of healthier lifestyles. Reference is also made to the tutor's role as vital component in the appropriate planning and implementation of the investigative activity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Ethics, Research , Scientific Domains , Scientific and Technical Activities , Communication , Community-Based Participatory ResearchABSTRACT
La educación en el trabajo es un recurso formativo que incluye actividades para la adquisición de habilidades y hábitos de trabajo en los residentes que contribuye a la solución efectiva de diferentes problemas de salud en la comunidad. El objetivo es caracterizar las actividades que incluye la educación en el trabajo desde la visión de los servicios médicos de las instituciones armadas en sus propios escenarios de actuación. Se realizó un trabajo de revisión, en el cual se emplearon como métodos teóricos el análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción y el histórico lógico durante la consulta de diversas fuentes bibliográficas sobre la temática objeto de investigación. Se describe la educación en el trabajo como principio educativo en la especialización de Medicina General Integral Militar, así como sus actividades docentes asistenciales, investigativas, educativas y administrativas a desarrollar por el residente en la solución de problemas de salud que acontecen en el individuo, familia y la comunidad. Las actividades docentes que incluyen este recurso formativo favorecen la adquisición de habilidades importantes durante el período de especialización, pero requieren de una estructura adecuada, organización del proceso, análisis de salud objetivos y un pensamiento didáctico en el método de trabajo de los tutores.
Education at work is a training resource that includes activities for the acquisition of skills and work habits in residents. This contributes to the effective resolution of various health problems in the community. Our objective is to characterize the activities including education at work from the perspective of medical services at the armed forces in their own scenarios. A review was performed, in which theoretical analysis-synthesis, induction, deduction and logical historical methods were used when reviewing various literature sources on the subject under investigation. Education at work is described as an educational principle in the specialization of general military medicine, as well as their teaching, researching, educational and administrative activities allowing the resident development in solving health problems that occur in the individual, family and community. The educational activities included in this training resource promote the acquisition of important skills during the period of specialization, but they require an appropriate structure, process organization, analysis health, and tutors' educational thought in this work method.
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice , Competency-Based Education , General Practice/methods , Military Medicine/educationABSTRACT
La Economía de la Salud, con sus inicios en países desarrollados, constituye una disciplina que ha venido desarrollándose en los últimos años como una especialidad científica y cuyo objeto de estudio es la toma de decisiones en el sistema de servicios y programas sanitarios, desde un punto de vista económico; por ello se impone que el especialista en medicina general integral adquiera una adecuada competencia económica para el cabal cumplimiento de sus funciones, esencialmente en las actividades de promoción de salud, prevención de enfermedades, diagnóstico precoz, tratamiento oportuno y rehabilitación, con vistas al logro de un mayor progreso social.
Health Economy, with its emergence in developed countries, constitutes a discipline which is being developed in the last years as a scientific specialty and whose study object is the decisions making in the services system and sanitary programs, from an economic point of view; that is why it is important that the specialist in general comprehensive medicine acquires an appropriate economic competence for the precise fulfilment of his functions, essentially in the activities of health promotion, diseases prevention, early diagnosis, opportune treatment and rehabilitation, with the aim of achieving a huger social progress.
Subject(s)
Economic Competition , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
A oferta de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde é estimulada para ampliar a integralidade da atenção e o acesso às mesmas, mas é um desafio incorporá-las aos serviços. Nosso objetivo é apresentar um método de implantação das PIC na Atenção Primária à Saúde, derivado da análise de experiências municipais, resultado parcial de estudo de mestrado cuja metodologia foi a pesquisa-ação. O método envolve 4 fases:1 - definição do núcleo responsável pela implantação e sua solidificação; 2 - análise situacional, com mapeamento de profissionais competentes já existentes; 3 - regulamentação, organização do acesso e legitimação; 4 - ciclo de implantação: pactuação de planos locais, tutoria e atividades de educação permanente em saúde. As fases são descritas, fundamentadas e sucintamente discutidas. O método estimula o desenvolvimento de ações racionais e sustentáveis, fomenta a gestão participativa, a construção da integralidade e a ampliação responsável do cuidado realizado na Atenção Primária à Saúde através da oferta progressiva e sustentável de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares.
The rendering of integrated and complementary practices in the Brazilian Unified Health System is fostered to increase the comprehensiveness of care and access to same, though it is a challenge to incorporate them into the services. Our objective is to provide a simple method of implementation of such practices in Primary Healthcare, derived from analysis of experiences in municipalities, using partial results of a master's thesis that employed research-action methodology. The method involves four stages: 1 - defininition of a nucleus responsible for implementation and consolidation thereof; 2 - situational analysis, with definition of the existing competent professionals; 3 - regulation, organization of access and legitimation; and 4 - implementation cycle: local plans, mentoring and ongoing education in health. The phases are described, justified and briefly discussed. The method encourages the development of rational and sustainable actions, sponsors participatory management, the creation of comprehensivenessand the broadening of care provided in Primary Healthcare by offering progressive and sustainable comprehensive and complementary practices.
Subject(s)
Humans , Complementary Therapies/organization & administration , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Brazil , RecordsABSTRACT
1)The Human Communications course at Tottori University is composed of two elements: "experiential learning to raise awareness," which encourages students to reconsider human relationships in daily life and their own way of life, and "experience involving infants," which helps students to practice what they have learned through these intergenerational relations. In the present study, questionnaires were administered to students to examine the effectiveness of this course.<br>2)The survey results suggested that the Human Communications course facilitated the cultivation of self–concept in communication and of self–acceptance, particularly among students whose scores were less than the mean on the first day of the course.<br>3)Establishing a support system for interpersonal relationships and improving methods to assess the effects of the course are challenges for future work.
ABSTRACT
Caracterizar aspectos del nivel de preparación, conocimiento actual y abordaje que realizan los residentes venezolanos de Medicina General Integral del Estado de Barinas, acerca de los factores de riesgo laboral en el proceso de dispensarización. El sistema de métodos utilizados fueron teóricos, empíricos y procedimientos estadísticos. Se confeccionó un instrumento de evaluación para la revisión de los informes de análisis de la situación de salud en la determinante medio ambiente. El universo estuvo constituido por los 65 residentes que cursaban primero y segundo año de la especialidad, a los que se les aplicó una encuesta que permitió determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo laboral y su aplicación en el proceso de dispensarización de la población económicamente activa de su comunidad. Además, se entrevistó de forma individual a 5 médicos venezolanos con experiencia profesional, considerados como expertos. Demuestran una marcada insuficiencia en los conocimientos adquiridos en los estudios de pregrado, muy variable entre las diferentes universidades, así como una pobre aplicación de los mismos en la dispensarización de la población laboral. Se fundamenta y plantea la conveniencia de realizar un rediseño del módulo correspondiente al Programa de Especialización de Medicina General Integral, con el propósito de mejorar el desempeño de los médicos en la dispensarización de riesgos laborales.
To characterize the aspects of the training level, current knowledge, and actions performed by the venezuelan residents of General Comprehensive Medicine in Barinas State as regards the occupational risk factors in the categorization process. The methods used were theoretical, empirical, and statistical procedures. An assessment tool was created to review the reports of analysis on health situation in the environmental determinant. The universe included 65 first and second year residents of the specialty that were surveyed to determine the knowledge level on occupational risk factors, and its application in the categorization process of the economically active population. 5 venezuelan physicians with professional experience, considered as experts, were also interviewed. They showed a marked insufficiency in the knowledge acquired in pregrade studies, which varies a lot among the different universities, as well as a poor application of their knowledge in the categorization process of the working population. The convenience of redesigning the module corresponding to the Program of Specialization of General Comprehensive Medicine is founded aimed at improving the performance of physicians in the categorization process of occupational risks.
Subject(s)
Comprehensive Health Care , Clinical Competence , Occupational RisksABSTRACT
In order to achieve not merely a temporary or fragmented application of oriental (traditional) medicine to western modern dental treatment but also to ensure its position as a complementary, continuing therapeutic technology, a mutually beneficial co-existence is required.<br> Oriental medicine is considered a “tailored” medicine and a key factor is defining the target patient’s Syo (sho). Even if treatment as currently offered in clinical practice is western-derived, it is still possible to grasp the patient’s condition more solidly by introducing this concept of Syo (sho).<br> Based on the above, a logically consistent and relatively systematized Chinese medicine may play a convenient and effective role in conventional medical practice. When the cultural and topographic roles of Japan are re-examined in light of Chinese medicine’s historical background however, a harmonious symbiosis between a systematized traditional oriental medicine and an efficient, technologically oriented western medicine seems difficult to establish. Nevertheless, it is the author’s hope that a new wave of medical (dental) treatment successfully combining the two may emerge from Japan in the 21st century.<br>
ABSTRACT
Comprehensive medicine incorporates somatic, psychological, social, and existential aspects into a treatment philosophy that treats the whole person rather than simply the disease and its symptoms. Psychosomatic medi-cine has its roots in European medicine that developed with empirical philosophies and was developed into a discipline in the a 19 th century. Psychosomatic medicine is the core of comprehensive medicine.<BR>Oriental medicine has a long history and includes Kampo, acupuncture, moxibustion, and massage. It has many similarities to traditional psychosomatic medicine, with both focusing on body and mind interactions. Examples of therapies used in Japan in addition to the more traditional treatments are fasting therapy, Nikan therapy.<BR>This paper discusses 1. The interactions between stress and psychosomatic dysfunction, 2. Cancer, stress, and personality, 3. Psychosomatic treatment, and 4. The role of Oriental medicine in Psychosomatic treatment.