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Objective:To explore the core targets and potential molecular mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine in the treatment of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) based on network pharmacology.Methods:The related co-targets of tetramethylpyrazine and ANP were screened out by traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and human disease information-related databases (CTD, DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM); Uniprot data were used to co-link and put into the STRING database to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks; the Cytoscape software was used for further analysis and the key targets were obtained by using the cytoHubba plug-in. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on these key targets, and finally the molecular docking models were constructed by using PyMol and AutoDockTools software. 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, ANP group, and tetramethylpyrazine treatment group (tetramethylpyrazine group). ANP rats were induced by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct, and the tetramethylpyrazine group rats were injected with 10 ml/kg tetramethylpyrazine through the abdominal cavity after ANP was induced. After 12 h, pancreatic tissue was taken, a pathological examination was performed routinely, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the protein expression of key targets in pancreatic tissue. Blood was taken from orbits, and then the serum IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:The drug platform screened 137 tetramethylpyrazine action targets, and the disease database screened out 513 ANP-related targets; then 25 targets were obtained through intersection, finally resulting in a total of 5 key targets: albumin (ALB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caspase 3 (CASP3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1). GO functional enrichment analysis of biological processes mainly involved reproductive structure or system development, response to antibiotics, chemical stress and reactive oxygen species, and the cellular components were mainly vesicle lumen, membrane raft, membrane microdomain, and secretory granule lumen; molecular functions mainly included SH2 domain, phosphotyrosine residue, protease binding, protein tyrosine kinase and nuclear receptor activity; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were mainly enriched in Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, platinum drug resistance, phospholipase D signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. The average binding energy of the 5 key targets molecule docking was -4.20 kcal/mol. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, it could be seen that the gland structure of rats in the ANP group was disordered, the interlobular space was significantly increased, and neutrophil infiltration was observed in the acinar, perivascular and gland space. The pancreatic lobule space of tetramethylpyrazine group rats was slightly increased, with mild neutrophil infiltration. The protein expressions of EGFR, CASP3 and MAPK1 in the ANP group were significantly higher compared with those in the control group, and EGFR, CASP3 and MAPK1 expression in tetramethylpyrazine group was significantly lower than those in ANP group ( P<0.01); the protein expression of BCL2L1 in the ANP group were significantly higher than that in control group, and the protein expression of BCL2L1 in tetramethylpyrazine group were significantly higher than that in ANP group (all P value <0.05). The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the ANP group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and IL-6 and TNF-α in tetramethylpyrazine group were significantly lower than those in the ANP group (all P value <0.01). Conclusions:Tetramethylpyrazine could reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury after ANP by activating a variety of signaling pathways, enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, and blocking the enzymatic cascade reaction of apoptotic caspase, thus playing a protective role in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.
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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive training in the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke.Methods:A total of 155 stroke survivors with vascular cognitive impairment were identified at 31 hospitals. They were randomly divided into a control group of 72 and an experimental group of 77 (6 failed to follow up). The control group received 30 minutes of conventional cognition training 5 times a week for 2 weeks, while the experimental group was given computer-assisted cognition training. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ cognition was evaluated using Chinese versions of the Mini Mental State Assessment Scale (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA).Results:After the treatment, the average MMSE and MoCA scores of the observation group [(22.5±3.62) and (19.69±4.43)] and the control group [(21.7±4.30) and (19.10±5.58)] were significantly better than those before the treatment [(19.3±3.08) and (16.79±4.58); (19.7±3.11) and (17.74±5.25)]. The post-treatment difference between the groups′ averages was not significant, but the observation group′s improvements on the immediate memory, delayed memory and calculation portions of the MMSE were significantly greater than those of the control group.Conclusions:Computer-assisted cognition training can improve the overall cognitive functioning of stroke survivors, achieving the same therapeutic effect as conventional cognitive therapy. It is more effective than conventional cognitive therapy in promoting immediate memory, delayed memory and calculation ability.
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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar, por meio da técnica dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD), dois métodos utilizados nas representações conceitual e física da vegetação em meio aquático: meio poroso e elementos geométricos simplificados. Três estudos de caso, que incluem um wetland flutuante e manchas de vegetação, exemplificam a aplicação dos métodos, mostrando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Nas etapas da geometria e da malha, a representação da vegetação como meio poroso é mais simples, prática e rápida do que a da vegetação como elementos geométricos simplificados. Porém, na parte da modelagem das equações, o método do meio poroso não consegue capturar os processos de mistura no interior da vegetação, enquanto o método dos elementos geométricos simplificados consegue.
ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to present, through computation fluid dynamics (CFD), two methods used in the conceptual and physical representation of vegetation in aquatic environments: the porous media approach and the simplified geometric elements. Three case studies, including a floating wetland and patches of vegetation, exemplify how the methods are applied, showing their advantages and disadvantages. At the geometry and meshing stage, the porous media approach shows to be simpler, faster, and more practical than the simplified geometric elements. However, in the equation modeling, the porous media approach is not able to capture the mixing processes inside the vegetation, while the simplified geometric elements method can capture those processes.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a precious treasure of the Chinese nation and has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The holistic view of TCM coincides with the new generation of medical research paradigm characterized by network and system. TCM gave birth to a new method featuring holistic and systematic "network target", a core theory and method of network pharmacology. TCM is also an important research object of network pharmacology. TCM network pharmacology, which aims to understand the network-based biological basis of complex diseases, TCM syndromes and herb treatments, plays a critical role in the origin and development process of network pharmacology. This review introduces new progresses of TCM network pharmacology in recent years, including predicting herb targets, understanding biological foundation of diseases and syndromes, network regulation mechanisms of herbal formulae, and identifying disease and syndrome biomarkers based on biological network. These studies show a trend of combining computational, experimental and clinical approaches, which is a promising direction of TCM network pharmacology research in the future. Considering that TCM network pharmacology is still a young research field, it is necessary to further standardize the research process and evaluation indicators to promote its healthy development.
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Introducción: El estrés mental agudo, así como los estados de ansiedad inducidos para influenciar la reactividad psicofisiológica en jóvenes sanos, aportan cambios en los patrones nerviosos que pueden ser medidos mediante la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en los parámetros lineales del balance autonómico cardiovascular en individuos jóvenes en estado basal y durante la prueba de cálculo aritmético. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, sin grupo control de tipo antes y después, en el Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Población y muestra de 10 sujetos. Se registró el trazado electrocardiográfico (5 min) durante el reposo y luego durante la prueba de cálculo aritmético. Resultados: Existieron diferencias significativas entre ambos estados en las variables frecuencia cardiaca (p = 0,005); mínima (p = 0,007); máxima (p = 0,005); intervalo RR (p = 0,005); stress index (p = 0,028); índice simpático (p = 0,005); bajas frecuencias (p = 0,005); relación LF/HF (p = 0,005); RMSSD (p = 0,007); NN50 (p = 0,008); pNN50 (p = 0,005); índice parasimpático (p = 0,005) y altas frecuencias (p = 0,005). El estrés mental provocó una disminución parasimpática y un predominio simpático uniforme en todos los sujetos participantes en el estudio. Conclusiones: Durante el estrés mental inducido por la prueba de cálculo aritmético la dinámica lineal de la respuesta autonómica cardiovascular experimenta un aumento en la actividad simpática y una disminución del tono parasimpático, traduciendo una respuesta adaptativa en la regulación de la función cardiovascular por el sistema nervioso autónomo(AU)
Introduction: Acute mental stress and states of anxiety induced to influence psychophysiological reactivity in healthy young people, result in changes in nervous patterns which may be measured in terms of heart rate variability. Objective: Determine the differences in linear parameters for autonomic cardiovascular balance in young individuals at baseline and during the arithmetic computation test. Methods: A non-observational quasi-experimental before-after study without a control group was conducted at the Basic Biomedical Sciences Laboratory of the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba. The study population and sample was 10 subjects. The electrocardiographic tracing (5 min) was recorded at rest and then during the arithmetic computation test. Results: Significant differences were found between the two states as to the variables heart rate (p = 0.005), minimum (p = 0.007), maximum (p = 0.005), RR interval (p = 0.005), stress index (p = 0.028), sympathetic index (p = 0.005), low frequencies (p = 0.005), LF/HF ratio (p = 0.005), RMSSD (p = 0.007), NN50 (p = 0.008), pNN50 (p = 0.005), parasympathetic index (p = 0.005) and high frequencies (p = 0.005). Mental stress caused a parasympathetic reduction and uniform sympathetic predominance in all the subjects participating in the study. Conclusions: During the mental stress induced by the arithmetic computation test, the linear dynamic of the autonomic cardiovascular response experiences an increase in sympathetic activity and a reduction in parasympathetic tone, displaying an adaptive response in cardiovascular function regulation by the autonomous nervous system(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Test Anxiety Scale/standards , Heart Rate/physiology , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
At present, the disjointing situation is generally present between "systemic"and "local", "macro" and "micro", " process" and "activity evaluation" in the study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). An urgent task for the modernization of TCM is to establish new strategies and methods which can reflect the overall characteristics of TCM. The introduction of integrative pharmacology provided a feasible approach to solve the problem of the fragmentation of TCM. Internet-based computation platform method was adopted in this study to explore the active molecular mechanism of Mylabris in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Based on the analysis of the functional integration of internet-based computation platform V1.0 version software, the "core components-key target- main pathway" multidimensional network of Mylabris in treatment of colorectal cancer disease was constructed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Mylabris in treatment of colorectal cancer from multiple perspectives. The results showed that Mylabris can treat the colorectal cancer and the mechanism might be associated with amino acid metabolism, NF-κB signaling pathway, immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, and chemokine signal transduction pathway, epithelial cell signaling in helicobacter pylori infection, T cell receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway and so on.
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Chinese medicine prescription is the main form and means to treat diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the disjointing situation is generally present between "systemic" and "local", "macro" and "micro", " process" and "activity evaluation" in the study of TCM at present. An urgent task for the modernization of TCM is to establish new strategies and methods which can reflect the overall characteristics of TCM. The introduction of integrative pharmacology provided a feasible approach to solve the problem of the fragmentation of TCM. Internet-based computation platform method was adopted in this study to explore the active molecular mechanism of Yinchenhao decoction in the treatment of cirrhosis. Based on the analysis of the functional integration of Internet-based Computation Platform V1.0 version software, the "core components-key target- main pathway" multidimensional network of Yinchenhao decoction in treatment of cirrhosis disease was constructed to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Yinchenhao decoction in treatment of cirrhosis from multiple perspectives. The molecular mechanism analysis of Yinchenhao decoction showed that Yinchenhao decoction can achieve the therapeutic effect on cirrhosis and the mechanism might be associated with oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism, circulatory system, glycerophospholipid metabolis, lipid metabolism and other pathways. Yinchenhao decoction in treatment of cirrhosis may be associated with energy metabolism and lipid metabolism.
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Resumen Los semigrupos cuánticos de Markov (SCM) son una extensión no conmutativa de los semigrupos de Markov definidos en probabilidad clásica. Ellos representan una evolución sin memoria de un sistema microscopico acorde a las leyes de la física cuántica y a la estructura de los sistemas cuánticos abiertos. Esto significa que la dinámica reducida del sistema principal es descrita por un espacio de Hilbert separable complejo 𝔥 por medio de un semigrupo 𝒯=(𝒯 t ) t ≥0, el cual actúa sobre una subálgebra de von Neumann 𝔐 del álgebra 𝔓(𝔥) de todos los operadores lineales acotados definidos en 𝔥. Por simplicidad, algunas veces asumiremos que 𝔐=(𝔥). El semigrupo 𝓣 corresponde al cuadro de Heisenberg en el sentido que dado cualquier observable x, 𝓣t(x) describe su evolución en el tiempo t. De esta forma, dada una matriz de densidad p, su dinámica (cuadro de Schrödinger) es dada por el semigrupo predual 𝓣 *t (P) , donde tr(P𝓣 t (x))= tr (𝓣 *t (P)x), tr(.) denota la operación traza. En este trabajo ofrecemos una exposición de varios resultados básicos sobre SCM. Además discutimos aplicaciones de SCM en teoría de la información cuántica y computación cuántica.
Abstract Quantum Markov semigroups (SCM) are a non-commutative extension of the Markov semigroups defined in classical probability. They represent an evolution without memory of a microscopic system according to the laws of quantum physics and the structure of open quantum systems. This means that the reduced dynamics of the main system is described by a complex separable Hilbert space 𝔥 by means of a semigroup 𝓣=(𝓣t)t≥0, acting on a von Neumann algebra 𝔓(𝔥) of the linear operators defined on 𝔥. For simplicity, we will sometimes assume that 𝔐=(𝔥). The semigroup 𝓣 corresponds to the Heisenberg picture in the sense that given any observable x, 𝓣t(x) describes its evolution at time t. Thus, given a density matrix p, its dynamics (Schrödinger's picure) is given by the predual semigroup 𝓣*t(≥), where tr(P𝓣 t (x))= tr (𝓣 *t (P)x), tr(.) denote trace of a matrix. In this paper we offer an exposition of several basic results on SCM. We also discuss SCM applications in quantum information theory and quantum computing.
Resumo Os semigrupos quânticos de Markov (SCM) são uma extensão não-comutativa de semigrupos de Markov semigroups definidos na probabilidade clássica. Eles representam uma evolução sem memória de um sistema microscópico acorde com as leis da física quântica e da estrutura de sistemas quânticos abertos. Isto significa que a dinâmica reduzida do sistema principal é descrita por um espaço de Hilbert h complexo separável por um semigroup , que actua sobre um subálgebra de von Neumann M del algebra B(h) de todos os operadores lineares limitados definidos em h. Por simplicidade, por vezes, assumir que M=B(h).. O semigroup T corresponde à imagem Heisenberg no sentido de que, dado qualquer observável x, descreve a evolução no tempo t. Assim, dada uma densidade ρ matriz, dinâmica (caixa de Schrödinger) que é dada pelo semigroupo predual , em que , tr(⋅) denota a operação de traçado. Neste trabalho, oferecemos uma exposição de vários resultados básicos sobre SCM. Além disso, discutimos aplicações de SCM em teoria da informação quântica e computação quântica.
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Objective To design a reproducible solution for municipal population health information platform to solve the problems in multi facilities involved,long construction period and etc.Methods The present situation of municipal health information platform was described as "eight manys and eight insufficiencys",and the solutions of foreign countries and China were explored from the aspects of business and technology architectures as well as the requirements of national population health informatization overall architecture.Results The municipal medical informatization infrastructure optimized regional medical service flow,improved medical resources allocation and enhanced health management.Conclusion Municipal population health information platform contributes to promoting regional medical service to meet increasing public requirements.
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In this paper,a hypertension management system based on mobile intelligent computation is built,intorduces its overall architecture and function realization.The user side can implement collection and monitoring of body signs,behavior monitoring,hypertension riskassessment and emergence help,etc.In addition,the doctor side can assist the doctor in diagnosis service.With the help of this system,the user can know his/her physical status and make self-adjustment in time,and the doctor can quickly track the progressof the patient and provide health guidance.As a result,the personalized hypertension management for both the doctor and the patient can be achieved.
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Capsaicin in chili peppers bestows the sensation of spiciness. Since the discovery of its receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel, how capsaicin activates this channel has been under extensive investigation using a variety of experimental techniques including mutagenesis, patch-clamp recording, crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, computational docking and molecular dynamic simulation. A framework of how capsaicin binds and activates TRPV1 has started to merge: capsaicin binds to a pocket formed by the channel's transmembrane segments, where it takes a "tail-up, head-down" configuration. Binding is mediated by both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Upon binding, capsaicin stabilizes the open state of TRPV1 by "pull-and-contact" with the S4-S5 linker. Understanding the ligand-host interaction will greatly facilitate pharmaceutical efforts to develop novel analgesics targeting TRPV1.
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Humans , Binding Sites , Capsaicin , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Hydrogen Bonding , Protein Binding , TRPV Cation Channels , Chemistry , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To propose the requirement of hospital development quality inspection information management system, develop solution, avoid cost enormous waste problem and realize the system on-line.Methods: Use the UML method to develop hospital equipment management information system, and completed a detailed description of its specific use case diagram, sequence diagram, class diagram.Results: Equipment operation rate increased by 10%, significantly shorten specimens control time of, the fault response time decreased from 10min to 1 min, quality control indexes increased to 16%.Conclusion: The UML-based LIS system improved the work efficiency of the equipment, received the satisfactory effect.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of four types of variance reduction techniques ( ring counter grid, high electron cutoff energy, termination of electron tracking in some structures, and emission direction?biased sampling of source) on the efficiency and accuracy of Monte Carlo simulation for the single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife. Methods The single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife was modeled using Monte Carlo software MCNP . Four types of variance reduction techniques were used to simulate the dose distribution in the water?like phantom. The computation efficiency and simulation result were compared between the four techniques. Results All techniques substantially improved the computation efficiency and had little effect on the accuracy of the simulation ( relative error less than 2. 5%) . However, if the electron cutoff energy was above 50 keV, the simulation became quite inaccurate due to neglect of the scattering of high?energy electrons and their dosimetric contribution to the penumbra. When the scattering of high?energy electrons and their dosimetric contribution to the penumbra were ignored, the dose to the Profile platform was overestimated and the dose to the penumbra was underestimated. Conclusions Rational use of variance reduction techniques can substantially improve the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation for the single source channel of the Leksell Gamma Knife. However, the impact of variance reduction techniques on the accuracy of the simulation should be carefully evaluated.
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Objective To observe the brain regions activated during calculation in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in normal subjects.Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied.Sixteen right-handed persons with left TLE were selected as the left TLE group,and sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group.The fMRI data was collected as each subject performed simple additions,subtractions and abdication subtractions.Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the activated brain regions between the two groups.Results The error rate in the calculations was significantly higher in the left TLE group,and their average reaction time was significantly longer.There were aslo significant differences between the two groups in terms of brain activation patterns.Compared with the control group,the left TLE group exhibited hypo-activity in regions such as the left paracentral lobule,the posterior central gyrus,the bilateral inferior parietal lobule,the left angular gyrus,the bilateral supramarginal gyrus,the left middle frontal gyrus,the left superior gyrus,and also in the bilateral posterior cingulate,insular lobule,superior and inferior temporal gyrus,right hippocampus,parahippocampal gyrus,thalamus and cerebellum.The TLE subjects exhibited hyper-activity in the bilateral superior parietal lobule,the bilateral anterior cingulate,as well as in the right,middle and inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusion Our results support a significant functional reorganization of calculation-related neuronal networks within and between the hemispheres in TLE patients.The frontal and parietal lobes may play a compensatory role in the reorganization of the calculation function.Task-related fMRI technology can provide useful information for non-invasive assessment of mathematical computing and cognitive function in TLE patients.
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@#Many special educators have focused on money management skills as an important educational outcome for children with intellectual disabilities for transition to adult living. Existing Western resources analyzed the money computation skill and purchasing skill for children with intellectual disabilities, and described aids and instructional strategies to teach money management skills for individual with intellectual disabilities. Future studies may be focused on early education, objects targeted, developing more aids, for more money management skills, and investigating instructional strategies.
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Many special educators have focused on money management skills as an important educational outcome for children with in-tellectual disabilities for transition to adult living. Existing Western resources analyzed the money computation skill and purchasing skill for children with intellectual disabilities, and described aids and instructional strategies to teach money management skills for individual with in-tellectual disabilities. Future studies may be focused on early education, objects targeted, developing more aids, for more money manage-ment skills, and investigating instructional strategies.
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A bioética tem se tornado, nas últimas décadas, um tema de importância central para a prática clínica, por fornecer ferramentas teóricas para a tomada de decisão do profissional de saúde. A questão que se propõe diz respeito a como saber se a decisão é a mais apropriada, já que uma decisão na esfera clínica - quer se esteja atuando na atenção primária, secundária ou terciária - deve, necessariamente, ser acertada tanto do ponto de vista técnico, quanto do ponto de vista ético. A literatura tem apresentado diferentes modelos para a tomada de decisão no campo de análise da bioética clínica. Com base nessas ponderações, objetiva-se, no presente ensaio, apresentar apontamentos sobre (i) a tomada de decisão na área de bioética clínica e (ii) as possibilidades de abordagem computacional das decisões bioéticas...
Bioethics has become over the recent decades a central question to clinical practice, due to the fact that it provides theoretical tools for decision making in health care. The issue that arises concerns how to know whether the decision made is the most appropriate, considering that a clinic decision - whether working in primary, secondary, or tertiary care - must be accurate from both the technical and the ethical point of views. As a result, different models for decision making in clinical bioethics have been presented in the literature. Based on these considerations, the objective of this article is to point important issues about (i) decision making in the field of clinical bioethics and (ii) the possibilities of computational approaches to assist such decisions...
La bioética se ha convertido, en las últimas décadas, en un tema de gran importancia en la práctica clínica, proporcionando herramientas teóricas para la toma de decisiones de los profesionales de la salud. La pregunta que se plantea es cómo saber si la decisión es la más apropiada, puesto que una decisión en el ámbito clínico - si se está trabajando en la atención primaria, secundaria o terciaria - debe necesariamente ser correcta desde el punto de vista técnico, como el punto de vista ético. La literatura ha presentado diferentes modelos para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito del análisis de la bioética clínica. Sobre la base de estas consideraciones, el objetivo en el siguiente texto es presentar puntos sobre (i) la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la bioética clínica y (ii) las posibilidades de un enfoque computacional de las decisiones bioéticas...
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Humans , Male , Female , Decision Making , Decision Making, Computer-Assisted , Decision Making, Organizational , Ethics, Clinical , Health Personnel , Professional Autonomy , Delivery of Health Care , Medical Informatics ApplicationsABSTRACT
Objective To identify the miR-122 which regulateing GATA4 expression during the induction of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Methods BMSCs were isolat-ed from bone marrow and induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells using 5-azacytidine. The miR-122 which may regulate expression of GATA4 were predicted using miRanda and TargetScan softwares and identified by dual luciferase report system. The expressions of miR-122 and GATA4 were determined using q-PCR during the differentiation of bMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Results The induced cells were completely in contacted with adjoining cells and uniform in shape and aligned parallelly. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression was detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. Using dual luciferase reporter system in vitro, miR-122 were proved to be able to effectively inhibit GATA4 expression by binding the 3′UTR of GATA4 mRNA. q-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-122 is negatively correlated with that of GATA4 mRNA transcription. Conclusion These results indicated that miR-122 regulate the expression of GATA4 during the induction of cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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@#Many special educators have focused on money management skills as an important educational outcome for children with intellectual disabilities for transition to adult living. Existing Western resources analyzed the money computation skill and purchasing skill for children with intellectual disabilities, and described aids and instructional strategies to teach money management skills for individual with intellectual disabilities. Future studies may be focused on early education, objects targeted, developing more aids, for more money management skills, and investigating instructional strategies.
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Objective To compare the mechanical environment of chondrocytes between superficial zone and deep zone by multiscale computation. Methods The chondrocyte biphasic model was set up and made the results of the articular cartilage (AC) biphasic model mapped to the corresponding borders of the chondrocyte model as the boundary condition. The chondrocyte model was computed to obtain the results of the mechanical environment of chondrocytes and analyzed. Results The results showed that the stress of chondrocytes at deep zone was half of that at superficial zone, but both were much smaller than those outside chondrocytes. The pericellular matrix (PCM) sustained the high stress outside chondrocytes and remarkably reduced the stress inside chondrocytes. Interstitial flow directions adjacent to two chondrocytes were totally the opposite.Conclusions The bearing property of AC reduced the stress near chondrocytes at deep zone prominently and protected the chondrocytes at deep zone and subchondral bone. PCM sustained the high stress outside chondrocytes to provide lower stress environment for chondrocytes living. The opposite interstitial flow direction of two chondrocytes supported the theory that synovia seepage from cartilage surface and nutrient pumped out from subchondral bone constitute the bidirectional nutrient supply in AC.