ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento de um software para o gerenciamento de indicadores clínicos e de qualidade no cuidado de enfermagem de pacientes em hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, envolvendo três etapas: 1) levantamento do referencial teórico para estruturação de conteúdo acerca de indicadores clínicos e de qualidade, relevantes para registro no serviço de hemodiálise e avaliação da efetividade dialítica; 2) validação de conteúdo por juízes e 3) desenvolvimento do software. Utilizou-se para sua criação a metodologia proposta por Pressman, que consiste em cinco passos: comunicação, planejamento, modelagem, construção e implantação. Resultados: O software produzido compõe-se de 112 itens validados, tendo como funcionalidades o sistema de cadastramento e busca de pacientes do serviço, a atualização de dados clínicos e laboratoriais, bem como a geração de relatórios relacionados às infecções, ao implante de acesso vascular, aos eventos adversos, à hospitalização e aos indicadores de qualidade. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou a elaboração de um software como ferramenta para compilação e organização de dados de paciente em terapia hemodialítica, com vista à geração de informações e conhecimentos que subsidie a avaliação e tomada de decisão clínica de enfermagem apoiada em julgamento crítico.
Resumen Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo de un software para la gestión de indicadores clínicos y de calidad para los cuidados de enfermería de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio metodológico, que incluye tres etapas: 1) análisis del marco referencial teórico para la estructuración del contenido sobre indicadores clínicos y de calidad relevantes para el registro en el servicio de hemodiálisis y evaluación de la efectividad didáctica; 2) validación del contenido por jueces, y 3) desarrollo del software. Para su creación, se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Pressman, que consiste en cinco pasos: comunicación, planificación, modelado, construcción y despliegue. Resultados: El software producido se compone de 112 ítems validados y tiene como funcionalidades el sistema de registro y búsqueda de pacientes del servicio, la actualización de datos clínicos y de laboratorio, así como la generación de informes relacionados con las infecciones, el acceso vascular, los eventos adversos, la hospitalización y los indicadores de calidad. Conclusión: El estudio permitió la elaboración de un software como herramienta para compilar y organizar datos de pacientes en terapia de hemodiálisis, con el fin de producir información y conocimientos que respalden la evaluación y toma de decisiones clínicas de enfermería basadas en apreciaciones críticas.
Abstract Objective: To describe the development of a software for the management of clinical and quality indicators in patient care under hemodialysis. Method: This is a methodological study, which involved three stages: 1) survey of the theoretical framework for structuring content about clinical and quality indicators, relevant for registry in hemodialysis service and assessment of hemodialysis effectiveness; 2) content validation by judges; 3) software development. The methodology proposed by Pressman was used for its creation, which consists of five steps: communication, planning, modeling, construction, and implementation. Results: The software produced consists of 112 validated items, with the functionality of the system for registering and searching patients at the service, updating clinical and laboratory data as well as generating reports related to infections, vascular access implantation, adverse events, hospitalization and quality indicators. Conclusion: This study enabled the development of a software as a tool for compiling and organizing patient data on hemodialysis, with a view to generating information and knowledge that supports assessment and clinical decision making of nursing supported by critical judgment.
Subject(s)
Software Validation , Software , Renal Dialysis , Nursing Informatics , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Este trabajo presenta un programa en MS Excel® para evaluar la magnitud del efecto (ES, por las siglas en inglés) en invarianza de medición de diferentes parámetros como las cargas factoriales, interceptos/thresholds y residuales, con base en estadísticos estandarizados ya conocidos. El funcionamiento del programa y la interpretación de las medidas de ES se ejemplificaron con datos empíricos.
This paper presents a MS Excel® program for estimating effect size (ES) in the measurement invariance of different item parameters, such as the factor loadings, intercepts/thresholds and residuals, based in well-known standardized statistics. Examples with real data are provided for the functioning of the program and the interpretation of the ES measures.
Este artigo apresenta um programa no MS Excel® para avaliar o tamanho do efeito (ES, pela sigla em inglês) na invariância de medida de diferentes parâmetros dos itens, como cargas fatoriais, interceptos/thresholds e resíduos, com base em estatísticas padronizadas bem conhecidas. O funcionamento do programa e interpretação das medidas de ES é exemplificado com dados empíricos.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Repeated 24 hour recall has been considered as a preferred method for obtaining accurate dietary information while time and cost for coding and data processing have been a major barrier for their use in large studies. This burden can be resolved by automating the interview and data processing. However, there has been no report about a computerized interview system for dietary survey in a free-living population in Korea. METHODS: This study attempts to test the feasibility of a newly-developed web-based dietary assessment program, Diet Evaluation System (DES) for subjects in a mixed region of urban and rural areas via wireless internet. We conducted total of 134 interviews, twice for each of 67 subjects of various age. As another aspect of feasibility, the group discussion among interviewers was done. RESULTS: Success rate of total attempted interviews was about 70%. Major reasons for problem with DES were instability of wireless internet and consequent inefficient booting of laptops in some areas. It took 14 minute 56 seconds on average to complete an interview and data processing conducted automatically. Subjects' age and internet environment influenced the DES interview time. The group discussion revealed that one-stop system with DES is fast and convenient assuming good wireless internet environment. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based dietary assessment was feasible in this community nutrition survey. To confirm the feasibility in large scale, studies with more comprehensive area and subjects are needed with various wireless condition.
Subject(s)
Electronic Data Processing , Clinical Coding , Diet , Diet Surveys , Feasibility Studies , Internet , Korea , Methods , Nutrition SurveysABSTRACT
We present a computer program developed for estimating penetrance rates in autosomal dominant diseases by means of family kinship and phenotype information contained within the pedigrees. The program also determines the exact 95 percent credibility interval for the penetrance estimate. Both executable (PenCalc for Windows) and web versions (PenCalcWeb) of the software are available. The web version enables further calculations, such as heterozygosity probabilities and assessment of offspring risks for all individuals in the pedigrees. Both programs can be accessed and down-loaded freely at the home-page address http://www.ib.usp.br/~otto/software.htm.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromosome Aberrations , Penetrance , Software , Genetic Linkage , Likelihood Functions , Pedigree , PhenotypeABSTRACT
This work constituted a significant contribution for more efficient use of a valuable computer program of non-parametric fitting of nonlinear multiparametric equations to experimental data. However, prerequisite in this context was the transformation of nonlinear multiparametric equations into linear hyperplane forms before their incorporation within the computer program; this latter was decisive and a matter of proper programming practice. Herein, a series of widely used equations useful in different fields of chemical processes, in biochemistry and/or in biotechnology, along with their suitable transformations as well as the appropriate programming support are being reported.
Este trabalho constitui uma contribuição significativa para um uso mais eficiente de um programa de computador valioso do encaixe não-paramétrico de equações multiparamétricas não lineares aos dados experimentais. Entretanto, o pré-requisito neste contexto é a transformação de equações multiparamétricas não lineares em formulários lineares do hyperplano antes de sua incorporação dentro do programa de computador; este último é decisive e uma matéria da prática de programação apropriada. Nisto, nós relatamos uma série das equações extensamente usadas úteis em campos diferentes de processos químicos, em bioquímia e/ou em biotechnologia, junto com suas transformações apropriadas além a sustentação de programação apropriada.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Panel reactive antibody (PRA) is to screen and identify HLA antibody. Majority of antibody specificities in high-PRA are directed against cross reactive group (CREG). Thus, this study was to know the advantage of identifying CREG specificity and whether antibody specificities are changed according to CREG classification. METHODS: HLA class I antibodies were identified from 159 sera from 108 patients in Asan Medical Center, who had shown more than 5% PRA by anti-human globulin (AHG)-complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Tail analysis-based computer program was developed to identify specificities, applying both Rodey (R-ABC) and Takemoto (T-ABC) classification. The results were also compared with those obtained when without CREG application (ABC). RESULTS: Among 151 cases in which HLA specificities was identified, the frequency of CREG specificity was 22.5% in R-ABC and 27.2% in T-ABC. Eleven cases showed CREG specificities only in one classification. However, the individual antigen specificities in one hand were all included in the CREG identified in the other hand. CREG specificities in samples with PRA >50% (60%) were more frequently identified than those in samples with PRA < or =50% (9%) (in R-ABC, P<0.0001). Without applying CREG to interpretation, specificity was not identified in 9 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Application of CREG enhanced the rate of antibody identification. Antibody specificities of those cases where CREG specificities were different between Rodey and Takemoto classifications were almost the same when compared at the individual antigen level. Therefore, it was thought that it makes no difference to use any one of these two classifications in interpreting PRA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Antibodies/blood , Antibody Specificity , Cross Reactions , HLA Antigens/genetics , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology , Histocompatibility Testing , Kidney Transplantation , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and to apply the NANDA, NOC, and NIC (NNN) linkages into a computerized nursing process program using the classification systems of nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes and nursing interventions. METHOD: The program was developed with planning, analysis, design and performance stages. The program was applied to 117 patients who were admitted to orthopedic surgery nursing units from January to February, 2004. RESULTS: Thirty-five of fifty-three nursing diagnoses were identified. Five nursing diagnoses in order of frequency were: Acute pain (28.4%), Impaired physical mobility (15.6%), Impaired walking (8.7%), Chronic pain (5.5%) and Risk for disuse syndrome (5.0%). The nursing outcomes of the 'Acute pain' nursing diagnosis tended to have higher frequencies (cumulative) in order of Pain management (95.2%), Comfort level (35.5%) and Pain level (17.7%). The nursing interventions of the 'Acute pain' nursing diagnosis tended to have higher frequencies (cumulative) in order of Pain management (71.0%), Splinting (24.2%) and Analgesic administration (17.7%). In comparison of outcome indicator scores between before and after the intervention according to the 61 nursing outcomes, the mean scores of 52 outcome indicators after the intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention. CONCLUSION: It is expected that this program will help nurses perform their nursing processes more efficiently.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Adult , Software , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Orthopedic Procedures/nursing , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Nursing Process , Nursing AssessmentABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Breast cancer risk assessment tools have been developed in western countries as a result of large scaled epidemiological studies. These tools have been used as a rationale for breast cancer screening and to determine the selection criteria of NSABP P-1 and P-2. The aim of this study was to develop a breast cancer risk assessment tool for Korean women, which would be helpful for screening and preventing breast cancer. METHODS: The breast cancer risk model was used published by Sue Kyung Park in 2003. The report was a case- control study of 1687 breast cancer patients and 1155 normal populations in 3 hospitals from 1996 to 2000. The risk factors used in this model were age, family history of the first and second relatives, body mass index, age at the first delivery, breast-feeding and a special test on the breasts. A computer program was developed using the Borland Delphi on a personal computer using a windows 98 operating system. The program consisted of three parts; an input window of the risk factors, a calculation part of the relative risks, an output window of the results. RESULTS: The program was a 308K byte sized single executable file. In the initial window, a simple explanation of the program and a reference of the risk model were displayed. The age, height and weight were entered as continuous variables in the input window. The family history of the first and second relatives, the age at the first delivery, breast-feeding and a special test on the breasts were selected by the radio buttons. In the output window, the relative risks were calculated according to each risk factor. The overall relative risk was calculated in a given age group and the overall age group. CONCLUSION: In this study, a computer program for a breast cancer risk assessment was developed using the relative risk model of breast cancer. This program was found to be useful for making an individual breast cancer risk assessment of Korean women.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Epidemiologic Studies , Mass Screening , Microcomputers , Patient Selection , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
To establish systematic diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity patient including facial asymmetry or hemifacial microsomia patient, comprehensive analysis of three dimensional structure of the craniofacial skeleton is needed. Even though three dimensional CT has been developed, landmark identification of the CT is still questionable. In recent, a method for correcting cephalic malpositioning that enables accurate superimposition of the landmarks in different stages without using any additional equipment was developed. It became possible to compare the three-dimensional positional change of the maxillomandible without invasive procedure. Based on the principle of the method, a new program was developed for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity patient via three dimensional visualization and structural analysis. This program enables us to perform following menu. First, visualization of three dimensional structure of the craniofacial skeleton with wire frame model which was made from the landmarks observed on both lateral and frontal cephalogram. Second, establishment of midsagittal plane of the face three dimensionally, with the concept of "the plane of the best-fit". Third, examination of the degree of deviation and direction of deformity of structure to the reference plane for the purpose of establishing surgical planning. Fourth, simulation of expected postoperative result by various image operation such as mirroring, overlapping.
Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Dentofacial Deformities , Diagnosis , Facial Asymmetry , Goldenhar Syndrome , SkeletonABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the merit of a newly-developed computer system that detects gaze in diagnosing unilateral visual neglect syndrome. METHOD: The subjects were 20 normal adults and 2 left hemiplegic patients with prominent unilateral visual neglect. The 'line bisection' test and the 'star cancellation' test were performed, and their modified forms of tests-the 'center scanning in vacant 2-dimension space' and the 'one object scanning' among 25 different objects were also performed on a table with right hand and on a computer monitor with head motion. RESULTS: Normal subjects didn't show difference in line bisection and center scanning tests. However, center scanning time was shorter in the methods that used a computer. By comparing horizontal shifting in the line bisection test and the center scanning test, the center was more shifted toward left side than in the line bisection test when the tests were performed using a computer. Duration to perform the star cancellation was longer than to perform the one object scanning test. It took 3 minutes for each subject to obtain the results from the line bisection and the center scanning on papers, whereas the results from the tests with a computer were displayed at the moment of marking by the subjects. By the results from the patients, the marked centers were deviated toward right side and longer duration was needed to perform the tests in comparison with normal subjects. CONCLUSION: Visual perception can be changed by dimension even in normal adults, and the program using a computer that was developed in this study has merit especially by shortening the testing time. However, continuous study is needed for practical use of this program in the patients with unilateral neglect.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Computer Systems , Hand , Head , Visual PerceptionABSTRACT
This study is a part of a software program which was developed for efficient foodservice management of elementary school foodservice. The foodservice management system consists of general information, manu planning, inventory management, and printing of results. Advantages of software programs developed in this study, compared with previous elementary school foodservice programs are as follows. 1) This program can be used to foodservice and nutrition management at the same time. 2) The screen is designed as a homepage for convenience. 3) This program is useful in cycle menu planning. 4) Seasonal menu could be reflected in menu. 5) This program has the results printing function. 6) Data can be revisable. 7) This program can be used to middle and high school.
Subject(s)
Humans , Menu Planning , SeasonsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Since method for calculating the risk of Down's syndrome pregnancy using the mothers alphafetoprotein(AFP), chorionic gonadotropin(CG) and unconjugated Estriol(uE3) levels in serum was developed, many reports showed the method including triple markers was more effective than calculating the risk only by the mother's age. Authors developed a computer program which could calculate the risk conveniently. We compared it with the established program and explained the calculating logic used in the program to help the readers to make their own computer program. METHODS: The risk of Down's syndrome pregnancy for age was calculated by the method of Cuckle, and medians of the CG, AFP, uE3 according to the days of pregnancy was calculated by Wald. Delphi(version 4.5, Inprise/Borland Corp., Scotts Valley CA, USA) was used as a programing language. We compared the risks of the pregnant women previously reported by the established computer program with those calculated by new computer program. RESULTS: In this program, user put down patient's demographic information and the results of each tests and press the command button then the user can see the calculated risk in one screen. User can use newly calculated median value according to their own accumulated data. There were almost no differences in risks between the program and formerly established one. CONCLUSIONS: The computer program developed by authors was agreed well with the established one, so this program could replace the latter. We hope there are many programs developed by readers in the future.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chorion , Down Syndrome , Hope , Logic , Mass Screening , Mothers , Pregnant Women , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Understanding of brain morphology and magnetic resonance image(MRI) is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the brain diseases. As education tools, the cadaver dissection, plastic models, and neuroanatomy books have been used for understanding brain morphology; and the MRI films and radiology books have been used for understanding brain MRI. Recently, due to the popularization of powerful personal computers, computer programs compensating the conventional education tools have been used. But these computer programs have a disadvantage that it is not possible to visualize the details of brain morphology or to compare the corresponding sectioned specimens and MRI. Therefore, we attempted to make a computer program which could visualize not only the details of brain morphology but also the corresponding sectioned specimens and MRI by using the brains removed from Korean cadavers. Three brains were removed from Korean cadavers. With a brain, 122 MRI and 122 serially-sectioned specimens with an 1.4mm interval were acquired and inputted into the computer. Ten brain structures were segmented, and 83 fine structures were designated on the images. With two brains, 27 dissected specimens were acquired and inputted into the computer. One-hundred two fine structures were designated on the images. Based on these images, a computer program for understanding brain morphology and MRI was made. The computer program, which was made in this study, visualized the corresponding sectioned specimens, MRI, and segmented images after sectioning a brain horizontally or at any angles. In addition, the computer program visualized the images of dissected brain. This computer program is helpful to understand brain morphology and MRI. This computer program is expected to be used through CD-title or Internet as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Diseases , Brain , Cadaver , Diagnosis , Education , Internet , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Microcomputers , Neuroanatomy , Plastics , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
Today, many qualitative researchers are beginning to seek for help in analyzing their qualitative data by computers. This study was done to introduce computer programs to Korean nurse researchers and to get aquaint them with the functions that can help them. The computers make it much easier for people to think about the meaning of their data, even though computers do not analyze data themselves. As Tesch points out, computer-aided analysis can reduce analysis time, cut out much drudgery, make procedures more systematic and explicit, insure completeness and refinement, and permit flexibility and revision in analysis procedure. There are now several dozen programs that qualitative researchers can use to support their work. There is no best program. The best choice for any researcher depends on prior computer and research experience, on the time horizon, on the project at hand, and on the analyses planned. This study introduced two programs which can be obtained in Korea : The Ethnograph and NUD.IST. Some of their basic features and implementing processes were presented, and their strength and weakness were also compared. It is clear that theory building and theory testing are increasingly seen as central features of good programs, and they are being implemented in a more systematic, user-friendly way. The issue of choosing the appropriate program for certain research is in understanding the program's properties and presuppositions, and how they can support or constrain the researcher's thinking to produce unanticipated effects. The focus needs to be on accessible, useful features that meet the real needs of qualitative researchers. The researcher hopes that these kinds of program, which will fully support the qualitative researcher's real needs will become more available, and that many qualitative researchers in Korea will get acquainted with, and make full use of computer programs for qualitative analysis.
Subject(s)
Hand , Hope , Korea , Pliability , Qualitative Research , ThinkingABSTRACT
To evaluate whether the perioperative myocardiac infarction or cardiac mortality can be predicted in non-cardiac surgery, a computer program for the prediction value was applicated 70 normotensive and 93 hypertensive patients. The eight questions which are required a answer either "yes" or "no" for emergency surgery, experience of anginal attacks, ischemia on electrocardiography, history of myocardiac infarction, age over 70 years, laparotomy and/or thoracotomy, surgery involving great vessels and serum potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L are employed in this program. The prediction values were higher in the normotensive group(10.2+/-15.3%) than the hypertensive group(7.9+/-6.9%), and two cases of perioperative myocardiac infarction occurred in the normotensive group. Histories of myocardiac infarction in the normotensive patients(14.3%) were significantly more frequent than in the hypertensive group(3.3%). The authors suggested that the patients history of hypertension seems not to be directily related to the prediction value of perioperative myocardiac infarction and cardiac mortality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocardiography , Emergencies , Hypertension , Infarction , Ischemia , Laparotomy , Mortality , Potassium , ThoracotomyABSTRACT
A new data management system for urologic patient was designed by composing revised discharge summary and a computer program. The revised .discharge summary consists of more detailed clinical records and maintenance of clinical records during the follow-up period post discharge. The computer program was written in FoxPro Version 2.0 and the urologic code system was developed by applying some modifications on the international classification of diseases. The present program takes major advantages in easy and errorless entry and retrieval of data. These include pull-down menus using simultaneous input and coding system without any needs of typing the required codes for problem, management, and diagnosis. Data search and case statistics can be easily obtained with any combinations of problem, management, and diagnosis. The authors consider the present system, in which the revised discharge summary and computer program were closely linked, is very useful in patient data management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Coding , Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , International Classification of Diseases , UrologyABSTRACT
If one can measure the actual angle of the bowing and rotation of a long bone three-dimensionally, it will be a great help in fracture reductions, operative treatments of the congenital snomalies, determination of the fusion angles in arthrodeses, and so on. We developed a computer program that gives us the actual bowing and rotation angle when we input the angles from the two X-ray films with known angle between them. We measured anteversion and neck-shaft angle of the femur, the amount of bowing and rotation in fracture model, and the fusion angles in arthrodeses. The angles calculated from the computer program were same as those from another X-ray that showed the actual angle taken by derotating the subject.
Subject(s)
Arthrodesis , Femur , X-Ray FilmABSTRACT
In calculating pharmacokinetic parameters, Subjective bias may be induced by using the method of residuals. This paper reports a nonlinear least squares fitting program which may be adapted in APPLE II microcomputer. The program can not only increase the precision of estimated parameters, but also provide objective criteria e.g. Akaike's Information Criterion ( AIC ) for determining which kind of compartment model is most appropriate. Furthermore, the standard error of parameter is calculated which gives the variability of the estimation. The use of this program is guided on-screen prompts that display Some form of menu including the various types of compartmental models for intra and extravascular administration. The data can be stored or drawn out from the disk and the plot of curve fitting is readily feasible.