ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal discrepancy of heat-pressed ceramic veneers manufactured using a CAD/CAM system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ceramic veneers for the abutment of a maxillary left central incisor were designed using a CAD/CAM software program. Ten veneers using a micro-stereolithography apparatus (AM group), ten veneers using a five-axis milling machine (SM group), and ten veneers using a traditional free-hand wax technique (TW group) were prepared according to the respective manufacturing method. The ceramic veneers were also fabricated using a heat-press technique, and a silicone replica was used to measure their marginal discrepancy. The marginal discrepancies were measured using a digital microscope (×160 magnification). The data were analyzed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. Finally, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean±SD of the total marginal discrepancy was 99.68±28.01 µm for the AM group, 76.60±28.76 µm for the SM group, and 83.08±39.74 µm for the TW group. There were significant differences in the total marginal discrepancies of the ceramic veneers (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The SM group showed a better fit than the AM and TW groups. However, all values were within the clinical tolerance. Therefore, CAD/CAM manufacturing methods can replace the traditional free-hand wax technique.
Subject(s)
Ceramics , Incisor , Methods , Silicon , SiliconesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a técnica de DDI (desenho digital integral) em substituição ao ED (enceramento diagnóstico), mudando um paradigma na Odontologia. Com o uso do DDI, não é necessário realizar o enceramento diagnóstico para estabelecer a meta protética. Esta é obtida digitalmente em um ambiente 3D, com mais requinte de informações e maior precisão. O DDI é então materializado (prototipado) utilizando uma impressora 3D, dentro do ambiente do consultório. Atualmente, os recursos CAD/CAM de baixo custo estão disponíveis para uso odontológico, e os resultados obtidos com esta tecnologia justificam a incorporação do tratamento 3D. Desta forma, a técnica do enceramento dental estaria próxima do fim, sendo que, em um futuro próximo, dentistas/técnicos de prótese serão dental digital designers e todo o conhecimento se voltará para o domínio dos programas de informática, e não para aquisição de equipamentos complexos e de alto custo.
The objective of this study was to describe the IDD technique (integrated digital design) to replace the DW (diagnostic waxing) as a paradigm shift in Dentistry. In this way, it is not necessary to perform the diagnostic waxing to establish the prosthetic outcomes. This is achieved in a 3D environment, with more information refi nement and greater accuracy. The IDD is then materialized (prototyped) using a 3D printer within the dental offi ce. Currently, the CAD/CAM resources are low-cost and available for dental use, with the obtained results justifying the incorporation of the 3D dental treatment. Thus, the diagnostic waxing would be close to an end; in the near future, clinicians/laboratory technicians will be dental digital designers and all knowledge will be managed to computer software domain and not to the acquisition of complex and expensive production equipment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Computer-Aided Design , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Technology, DentalABSTRACT
Objective: Even with beautifully done restorations, an unattractive gingival zenith position, can negatively affect the smile of a person. In this short communication we describe the treatment of a rotated maxillary right central incisor using a digital photographic approach instead of the conventional approach. Background: The conjecture literature on prosthodontic considerations and gingival zenith position in cases of rotated maxillary central incisors is sparse. The gingival zenith level (GZL) in an apical-coronal direction of lateral incisors, relative to the gingival tangential zenith line joining the adjacent central incisor and canine, is approximately 1 mm under healthy conditions. Materials and Methods: For our patient, the treatment plan was decided by CAD-CAM technique as Zirconia, jacket crown. Clinical procedures included enameloplasty on the left central and right lateral maxillary incisors. Reduction of the rotated and crooked incisor was performed in the normal manner; periodontal plastic surgery was also done. Results: The patient expressed satisfaction with the intermediary (preliminary) two-dimensional photographs that were provided by the CAD-CAM system. The technique distinguished among the different treatment modalities for aesthetics and to relieve the emotional problems which were faced by female patient. The gingival zenith level of the rotated incisor was also improved. Conclusion: Digital imaging provides an immediate treatment option for the patients. Software also provides an interim aid, for the clinician as well as technician, in the form of two-dimensional photographs. CAD-CAM is entirely a helping instrument against the conservative prosthetic options and gingival zenith position for a rotated central incisor. It helps in patient education and in motivation.