Hannah Arendt e Charles Taylor: impressões sobre a modernidade / Hannah Arendt and Charles Taylor: impressions of modernity

O objetivo fundamental deste artigo consiste em aproximar as reflexões da filósofa judia Hannah Arendt e do canadense Charles Taylor acerca da crise de representatividade na política moderna. Referenciais teóricos norteadores da nossa abordagem serão fundamentalmente as obras de Arendt A condição humana (2016) e Entre o passado e o futuro (2011), bem como As fontes do self (2013) e Hegel e a sociedade moderna (2005) de Charles Taylor. Um aspecto relevante desta reflexão encontra-se no diagnóstico que ambos os autores fazem da modernidade, chamando atenção para processos de desenraizamento cultural ocasionado por políticas totalitárias ocorridas na modernidade. O artigo encontra-se estruturado em dois momentos. Em primeiro lugar, uma apresentação das duas leituras da modernidade, enfatizando a ascensão do sujeito, no caso de Taylor, e a concepção de ruptura, no caso Arendt. Em segundo, uma exposição das políticas de reconhecimento de cada autor, apresentando o comunitarismo de Taylor e o amor mundi de Hannah Arendt. A partir desse duplo movimento será possível apresentar a importância e atualidade dessas duas reflexões para um entendimento do fenômeno moderno de desenraizamento cultural político.(AU)

This study proposes to approximate the reflections of the Jewish philosopher Hannah Arendt and the Canadian Charles Taylor on crisis of representativity in modern politic. The works The Human Condition (2016) and Between Past and Future (2011), by Arendt, as well as Sources of the Self (2013) and Hegel and Modern Society (2005), by Charles Taylor, will be theoretical references leading our approach. An important aspect of this reflection is in the diagnostic that both authors make of modernity, emphasizing to processes of cultural rootlessness caused by totalitarian politics that occurred in modernity. Therefore, this analysis is structured in two moments. First, a presentation of the two readings of modernity with special attention to the subject's ascension, in case of Taylor, and the conception of rupture, in case of Arendt. Second, an exposition of the politics of recognition of each author, presenting the communitarianism of Taylor and Amor Mundi of Hannah Arendt. Then, it will be possible for this study to present the importance and actuality of these two discussions for a comprehension of the modern phenomenon of cultural-political rootlessness.(AU)

La sabiduría y la psicología del desarrollo moral / Wisdom and the psychology of moral development

A partir del análisis de algunas concepciones éticas y del desarrollo psicológico se busca presentar la evolución de la teoría de Lawrence Kohlberg y de la psicología del desarrollo moral. Las posiciones deontológicas y formalistas de la filosofía moral determinaron las primeras conceptualizaciones en el estudio de la moral en psicología. Posteriormente, y de manera paralela al debate en la ética, la psicología y el mismo Kohlberg fueron más receptivos a posiciones que proponían contemplar las significaciones sociales y los juicios de una forma más contextual y flexible. El comunitarismo y algunas reflexiones no-cognitivas ejercieron alguna influencia en el estudio psicológico de la moral, campo que reconsideró igualmente nuevas edades para estudiar el desarrollo moral, al igual que incorporó las teorías del ciclo vital y las nociones de sabiduría.

Starting from the analysis of some ethical conceptions and the psychological development we introduce the evolution of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory and the psychology of moral development. The deontological and formalist positions rooted in the moral philosophy shaped the first conceptualizations in the study of morals in psychology. Thereafter, and parallel to the debate in ethics, Psychology and Kohlberg himself became more receptive to those positions which proposed to contemplate social significations and judgments in a more contextual and flexible manner. Communitarianism and some non-cognitive reflections had some influence on the psychological study of morals; a field that also reconsidered new ages for the study of moral development, as well as it incorporated the life-cycle theories and the notions of wisdom.