ABSTRACT
Lateral approach percutaneous spinal endoscopy， one of the most representative spinal endoscopic procedures， has ranked among the mainstream spinal operations that are facilitated to be understood and mastered by surgeons. The surgeries possess advantages of precise curative effect and wide scope of application after a series of conceptual innovations and reforms including YESS technology， TESSYS technology， eccentric trepan technology， visualized plasty technology， full-endoscopic visualization technology， and spinal endoscopy technology from the perspective of open surgery. Moreover， lateral approach percutaneous spinal endoscopy has formed a technology cluster that is inclusive with broad development prospects based on the introduction of high-tech technologies such as artificial intelligence and various navigation technologies.
ABSTRACT
El presente trabajo busca integrar conceptos actuales acerca de las adicciones y complementar los correspondientes conocimientos convencionales vigentes. Se propone una definición holística de las adicciones, ya que se describe a la adicción como una enfermedad familiar. Entre sus principales características clínicas encontramos diversos conceptos tales como: "maletín de doble fondo","paternidad maligna", "infierno familiar" y disfunción familiar. En tal sentido, se propone una definición familiar para las adicciones describiendo su etiología multicausal: causas ecológicas, socioeconómicas, culturales, familiares, psíquicas, biogenéticas, farmacológicas y neurobiológicas, bajo el concepto general de modelo holístico centrado en la familia.
This study seeks to integrate current concepts about addictions and complement them to relevant existing conventional knowledge. Proposes a holistic addiction definition, since it describes addiction as a family disease. Its main clinical features include different concepts such as: "double-bottomed briefcase", "malignant paternity", "family hell" and family dysfunction. In this sense, it proposes a family definition for addictions describing their multicausala etiology: ecological, socio-economic, cultural, familial, psychological, biogenetic, pharmacological and neurobiological, under the general concept of the holistic, family-centered model.
ABSTRACT
La adicción es una enfermedad familiar, cuyas principales características clínicas son: maletín de doble fondo, paternidad maligna, infierno familiar y disfunción familiar. El presente trabajo busca integrar conceptos actuales acerca de las adicciones y complementarlos a los correspondientes conocimientos convencionales vigentes. Se propone una definición holística de las adicciones, bajo una clasificación unificadora para las mismas: lúdicas, químicas, conectividad y sociales, luego se describe su etiología multicausal: ecológicas, socioeconómicas, culturales, familiares, psíquicas, biogenéticas, farmacológicas y neurobiológicas. Posteriormente se describe su fenomenología clínica, que involucra factores de desmotivación en el tratamiento (inconsciencia de enfermedad, carencia de voluntad) y sus diferentes estadios (premórbido, mórbido, desenlace funesto). También se describen la historia natural (experimental, habituación, dependencia, desenlace terminal), las manifestaciones psicosociales, evolución clínica y síndromes correspondientes.
Addiction is a family disease, whose main clinical features are double bottom briefcase, malignant fatherhood, Family Hell and family dysfunction. This paper tries to integrate current concepts about addictions and complement the existing conventional ones. We propose a holistic definition of addiction, under a unifying classification for them: playful, chemical, connectivity and social, then we describe its multicausal etiology like ecological, socioeconomic, cultural, family, mental, biogenetic, pharmacological and neurobiological. Next clinical phenomenology, involving demotivating factors in treatment (unawareness of illness, lack of will) and its different stages (premorbid, morbid, fatal outcome) are described. Also we describe natural history (experimental, habituation, dependence, terminal end), psychosocial manifestations, clinical course and related syndromes associated.