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Abstract The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.
Resumo O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), um inseto praga originário da Austrália e que se alimenta apenas de plantas de Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), se espalhou por vários países. Esse inseto, geralmente, atinge grandes populações em plantas de Eucalyptus desde sua entrada no Brasil e, também, indicou um comportamento diferente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever uma adaptação peculiar no hábito alimentar de G. brimblecombei e registrar o novo hábito. A oviposição e alimentação por G. brimblecombei, geralmente, nas folhas de Eucalyptus, passaram a ocorrer, também, em ramos lignificados. Isso sugere uma adaptação diferente desse inseto para reduzir a competição intraespecífica inseto × planta.
ABSTRACT
The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), an insect pest originating in Australia and which feeds only on Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) plants, has spread to several countries. The populations of this insect commonly reach high populations on Eucalyptus plants since its entry into Brazil, and also indicated an unrecorded behavioral. The objectives of this study were to describe a peculiar adaptation in the feeding habit of G. brimblecombei and to register the new habit. The oviposition and feeding by G. brimblecombei, commonly, on the leaves of Eucalyptus, started to occur, also, on lignified twigs. This suggests a not yet recorded adaptation of this insect to reduce insect × plant intraspecific competition.
O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), um inseto praga originário da Austrália e que se alimenta apenas de plantas de Eucalyptus L'Hér. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), se espalhou por vários países. Esse inseto, geralmente, atinge grandes populações em plantas de Eucalyptus desde sua entrada no Brasil e, também, indicou um comportamento diferente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever uma adaptação peculiar no hábito alimentar de G. brimblecombei e registrar o novo hábito. A oviposição e alimentação por G. brimblecombei, geralmente, nas folhas de Eucalyptus, passaram a ocorrer, também, em ramos lignificados. Isso sugere uma adaptação diferente desse inseto para reduzir a competição intraespecífica inseto × planta.
Subject(s)
Animals , Oviposition , Behavior , Eucalyptus/parasitology , Hemiptera/growth & developmentABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical application hotspots， development trends， compatibility characteristics， application rules， and formulation mechanisms of the Chinese marine drug pair Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha in order to provide references for its clinical medication and further research. MethodBy means of various modern literature databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， modern clinical prescriptions containing Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha， as well as the clinical application hotspots， were retrieved， followed by visualized analysis of hotspots and development trends of their clinical applications using Citespace. The drug composition， efficacy and indications， and drug dosages in the prescriptions were statistically analyzed. Additionally， various statistical software including SPSS Modeler 18.0 were employed to analyze the indications， syndromes， and formulation rules of Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha. ResultThe visualized analysis included 90 articles， revealing a gradual decrease in publications in this field in recent years. Key clinical application keywords were identified as hypertension， collateral deficiency producing wind， insomnia， etc. Eighty clinical prescriptions were retrieved， involving 121 drugs. Frequency analysis of compatibility demonstrated that the top 10 drugs were Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis， Gastrodiae Rhizoma， Os Draconis， Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Chrysanthemi Flos， Scutellariae Radix， Gardeniae Frucuts， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis. Association rule analysis showed that core combinations included "Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis-Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix" and "Os Draconis-Pheretima-Chuanxiong Rhizoma". Through factor reliability analysis， new drug combinations were derived， such as "Gastrodiae Rhizoma-Polygoni Multiflori Caulis-Eucommiae Cortex-Taxilli Herba-Leonuri Herba"， "Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix-Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis"， "Scutellariae Radix-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Margarita-Prunellae Spica"， "Os Draconis-Pheretima-Bombyx Batryticatus"， "Chrysanthemi Flos-Chuanxiong Rhizoma"， "Poria-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma"， and "Paeoniae Radix Alba-Gardeniae Fructus-Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis". The Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha drug pair was mainly used to treat diseases with liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， with hypertension accounting for 40.00%， migraines for 30.00%， and dizziness for 15.00%. In the treatment of liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， the main categories of compatible drugs were liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing ones （19.86%）， blood-activating and stasis-resolving ones （12.13%）， and spirit-calming ones （10.08%）. High-frequency drugs in the prescriptions function to reduce blood pressure through multiple pathways， such as increasing nitric oxide （NO） levels， downregulating angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）， and inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme （ACE）. ConclusionThrough comprehensive analysis of the results， the Haliotidis Concha-Oystreae Concha drug pair is commonly used for hypertension with liver Yang hyperactivity syndrome， and is often combined with deficiency-tonifying， liver-pacifying and wind-extinguishing， heat-clearing， and spirit-calming drugs， aiming to simultaneously extinguish wind， relieve spasms， and pacify the liver to subdue Yang， while also clearing heat to relax bowels， stabilizing the mind， and enhancing the liver-pacifying and Yang-subduing effects of this drug pair.
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By reviewing the ancient materia medica， medical books and modern literature， this paper made a systematic textual research on Haliotidis Concha in famous classical formulas， including the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Haliotidis Concha. The textual research showed that Shijueming was the official name of Haliotidis Concha in past dynasties， and there were also aliases such as Qianliguang， Jiukongluo and Zhenzhumu named after its efficacy， properties and near-phonetic characters. Before the Tang dynasty， the original description of Haliotidis Concha was too concise， which could only be identified as the animal of genus Haliotis， family Haliotidae. During the Song， Yuan， Ming and Qing dynasties， the main varieties were H. diversicolor and H. discus hannai. At the beginning of the Republic of China， a variety of animals from genus Haliotis were used as Haliotidis Concha， and varieties were numerous and continued to this day. In ancient and modern times， the main producing areas in China are Hainan， Guangdong and Shandong， while the foreign producing areas are mainly Japan and Vietnam. The quality evaluation of Haliotidis Concha in ancient books was roughly determined by the number of openings of the expiratory orifice， and seven-hole and nine-hole abalone shells were preferred. In modern times， characters as big， neat， unbroken， clean inside and outside， lustrous， thick shells are preferred. Based on the textual research results and combined with the record years of the Shijueming San， it is suggested that the shells of H. diversicolor or H. discus hannai should be used in the development of this formula， and the raw products should be used as medicine.
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Introducción: El bivalvo Anadara tuberculosa es un recurso pesquero y económico importante en el Pacífico Este Tropical. La proporción sexual varia a lo largo de su área de distribución, con casos de aparición de hermafroditismo, ocasional para algunas poblaciones, normal en otras. Estas características podrían ser una respuesta a presiones antropogénicas y ambientales. Objetivo: Evaluar la proporción sexual y el hermafroditismo en la especie en el Pacífico de Panamá. Métodos: Se analizó información reproductiva de A. tuberculosa generada entre 1994 y 2020 para el Golfo de Montijo, así como datos de 2017 para el manglar de David. Se aplicaron procedimientos macroscópicos, contrastados con histológicos y se generó un factor de corrección para ajustar la proporción sexual macroscópica, debido al efecto, sobre la proporción sexual, que ocasiona los organismos indeterminados. Resultados: Para el Golfo de Montijo, la histología indicó una proporción sexual hembra a macho de 1:1 hasta 3.2:1, entre 1994 y 2017, mientras que la macroscopía varió de 1.9:1 a 5.1:1 entre 2004 y 2020. Para el manglar de David, la histología indicó una proporción sexual de 3.7:1, y de 7.9:1 por macroscopía en el 2017. En ambas localidades, especímenes más grandes mostraron mayor variación en la proporción sexual, pese a la técnica implementada, así como hermafroditismo protándrico no casual en el 2017. Conclusiones: La aparición del hermafroditismo protándrico y los cambios en la proporción sexual indican que la población de A. tuberculosa, en ambas localidades, está respondiendo a presiones antropogénicas y ambientales.
Introduction: The bivalve Anadara tuberculosa is an important fishery in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The sex ratio varies along its geographic range and there are cases of hermaphroditism, occasional in some populations, normal in others. These characteristics may be a response to anthropogenic and environmental pressure. Objective: To evaluate sex ratio and hermaphroditism of the species in the Panamanian Pacific. Methods: Data on reproductive features of A. tuberculosa generated between 1994 and 2020 for Gulf of Montijo, as well as 2017 data from mangroves of David was analyzed. Macroscopic diagnosis of individual sex is sensitive to the problem of indeterminate individuals, which in turn can skew the sex ratio analysis; therefore, the macroscopic method was compared with histological sections to generate a correction factor to adjust the macroscopically determined sex ratio. Results: For Montijo, histology indicated that the female to male sex ratio ranged from 1:1 to 3.2:1 between 1994 and 2017, while macroscopy indicated 1.9:1 to 5.1:1 between 2004 and 2020. For David, histology indicated a ratio of 3.7:1, and macroscopy 7.9:1. At both localities, larger specimens had more sex ratio variation, independently of the technique, and there was non-casual protandric hermaphroditism in 2017. Conclusion: The occurrence of protandric hermaphroditism and sex ratio changes suggest anthropogenic and environmental pressure in all populations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Disorders of Sex Development , Bivalvia/growth & development , Panama , WetlandsABSTRACT
Introduction: The Nasolacrimal duct is the terminal part of the nasolacrimal apparatus or tear apparatus. The anatomy of lateral nasal wall is Important for planning the surgeries on lacrimal duct through intranasal approach. Objective: The current study was designed to review the anatomy of nasolacrimal duct in relation to the lateral nasal wall. Material and method: Thirty sagittal sections (14 right and 16 left side) of head and neck of formalin fixed adult cadavers of known sex, gender, ethnicity present in department of anatomy GMCH, Chandigarh were studied. The following parameters were made using a digital calliper and rounded off to the nearest millimetres. 1.Length of nasolacrimal duct (NLD Length) 2. Nearest distance from the nasolacrimal duct to maxillary sinus ostium (NLD - MSO) 3. Nearest distance from the NLD to the anterior nasal spine. (NLD- ANS)4. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the nasal floor (NLD- NF) 5. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the nasal roof. (NSD- NR) 6. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the anterior attachment of the Inferior concha. (NSD- AIT). Observations: In our study the average length of the NLD was 19.8±1.57mm. The intranasal orifice of the NLD was observed to be located on an average of 24.5±2.6mm from the anterior nasal spine, ranging from 5.5-2. 9mm.The average distance from the nasal roof was found to be 32.2±1.67mm and 16.08±1.71mm from nasal floor. In addition, the average distance from the anterior attachment of inferior nasal concha was found to be 14.82±2.37mm. In our study the NLD was an average of 4.08±0.67mm anterior to MSO at the level of the anterior attachment of the MT. On Comparing right and left side The NLD Was found to be slightly longer 22.7 in comparison of 22.2 mm on left side. The distance of NLD From MSO was also found to be larger on left side. The distances of NLD-ANS, NLD NR, NLD -AIT and NLD- NF were also longer on left side. Conclusion: We found that most of the parameters were closer to a study done by Ertugel while the NLD-NF distance was more in our specimen. Running title: nasolacrimal duct: morphometry, surgical importance
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Abstract Introduction: The effect of the quantity of olfactory neuroepithelium in the middle turbinate on the postoperative olfactory function for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients has not yet been evaluated. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the olfactory structures in the middle turbinate by immunohistochemical analysis of the olfactory marker protein and to correlate the immunostaining results with the olfaction test results for patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Methods: Surgical materials of 18 middle turbinate concha bullosa patients who had undergone lateral marsupialization surgery were immunostained with olfactory marker protein antibodies. Smell diskettes olfaction test was applied to all of the study group patients both preoperatively and three months postoperatively. A visual analog scale was used to quantify the sense of nasal obstruction. Results: It was observed that the postoperative smell scores and the nasal obstruction visual analog scale values were significantly improved as compared to the preoperative values (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the smell score gain and the visual analog scale gain values (r = 0.682). Results also indicated no significant correlation between the olfactory marker protein staining scores and the smell scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This first paper demonstrated that the quantity of the olfactory mucosa in the middle turbinate was not a determining factor for the postoperative smell function degree for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients. The underlying cause of the olfactory deficit for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients seems to be obstruction related rather than the middle turbinate's olfactory mucosa containing status.
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Abstract Introduction: Although many surgical techniques exist to manage obstructive concha bullosa, there continues to be a drive to find the least invasive technique with the fewest complications and best results. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe and assess the short- and long-term efficacy of a modified crushing technique for concha bullosa management. Methods: Patients who met inclusion criteria underwent a detailed nasal examination and cone beam computed tomography imaging prior to and after septoplasty with crushing surgery for obstructive concha bullosa. Patients were divided into short- and long-term groups based on their followup period such that the short-term group had a mean followup of 15.14 months (range 6->22 months) and the long-term group had a mean followup of 56.66 (range 29->80) months. Results: Twenty-four cases of obstructive concha bullosa were included in this study with 13 short-term and 11 long-term follow-ups. All patients showed a significantly decreased postoperative CB size (p< 0.001). There was no correlation between age and postoperative CB change in area (p = 0.39) and no significant difference in the amount of postoperative CB area reduction between the short-term and long-term groups (p = 0.35). No patients experienced bleeding, synechia, conchal destruction, or olfactory dysfunction on followup evaluations. Conclusion: Our modified crushing technique is a simple, effective, and lasting treatment option for concha bullosa. From our experience, there have been no complications and no instances of concha bullosa reformation during the follow-up period.
Resumo Introdução: Embora existam muitas técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento da concha bolhosa, ainda se busca encontrar uma técnica menos invasiva com menor número de complicações e melhores resultados. Objetivos: Descrever e avaliar a eficácia em curto e longo prazo de uma técnica de esmagamento modificada para o manejo da concha bolhosa. Método: Os pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram submetidos a exame nasal detalhado e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico antes e após septoplastia com cirurgia de esmagamento de concha bolhosa. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos de curto e longo prazo de acordo com o período de seguimento, de modo que o grupo de curto prazo teve um seguimento médio de 15,14 meses (intervalo de 6 a 22 meses) e o grupo de longo prazo teve uma média de seguimento de 56,66 (variação de 29 a 80) meses. Resultados: Vinte e quatro casos de concha bolhosa foram incluídos neste estudo, com 13 seguimentos de curto prazo e 11 de longo prazo. Todos os pacientes apresentaram uma redução significante no tamanho da concha bolhosa no pós-operatório (p< 0,001). Não houve correlação entre a idade e a mudança na área da concha bolhosa no pós-operatório (p = 0,39) e nem diferença significante na redução da área da CB no pós-operatório entre os grupos de curto e longo prazo (p = 0,35). Nenhum paciente apresentou sangramento, sinéquia, destruição da concha ou disfunção olfatória nas avaliações de seguimento. Conclusões: Nossa técnica de esmagamento modificada é uma opção de tratamento simples, eficaz e duradoura para a concha bolhosa. Com base nessa experiência, não houve complicações e qualquer caso de recorrência na formação da concha bolhosa durante o período de seguimento.
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Abstract Introduction The middle turbinate and ethmoid roof are intranasal structures and may have many anatomical variations. These structures, which serve as anatomical markers during functional sinus surgery, are important for preventing complications and performing a proper surgery. Knowledge of anatomical variations will increase surgical success and reduce complications. Objective We aimed to investigate the presence of asymmetry in the ethmoidal roof and anatomical variation in patients with and without concha bullosa. Methods In this study, the files of patients who underwent paranasal computed tomography between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, as patients with and without concha bullosa. Differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, septum deviation, ethmoid artery dehiscence, ethmoid roof asymmetry were examined. Results The 369 patients included in our study were divided into two groups; those with concha bullosa and those without concha bullosa. The mean age of the patients with concha bullosa was 36.1 ± 13.4 (min-max: 12-74) and the mean age of patients without concha bullosa was 37.5 ± 14.3 (min-max: 10-81). The ethmoid roof depths were compared between the two groups and a significant difference was observed (p < 0.001). The ethmoid roof depth was higher in the group with concha bullosa (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of our study indicate that the ethmoidal roof tends to be higher in patients with middle concha bullosa.
Resumo Introdução A concha média e o teto etmoidal são estruturas intranasais e podem apresentar muitas variações anatômicas. Essas estruturas, usadas como marcadores anatômicos durante a cirurgia sinusal funcional, são importantes para evitar complicações e para a feitura adequada da cirurgia. O conhecimento das variações anatômicas aumenta o sucesso cirúrgico e reduz as complicações. Objetivo Investigar a presença de assimetria no teto etmoidal e variações anatômicas em pacientes com e sem concha bolhosa. Método Os prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à tomografia computadorizada de seios paranasais entre 2012 e 2018 foram analisados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, pacientes com e sem concha bolhosa. As diferenças entre os dois grupos em termos de idade, sexo, desvio do septo, deiscência da artéria etmoidal e assimetria do teto etmoidal foram avaliadas. Resultados Os 369 pacientes incluídos em nosso estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: com concha bolhosa e sem concha bolhosa. A média de idade dos pacientes com concha bolhosa foi de 36,1 ± 13,4 (mín-máx: 12-74 anos) e a média de idade dos pacientes sem concha bolhosa foi de 37,5 ± 14,3 (mín-máx: 10-81 anos). As profundidades do teto etmoidal foram comparadas entre os dois grupos, observou-se diferença significante (p < 0,001). Observou-se que a profundidade do teto etmoidal foi maior no grupo com concha bolhosa (p < 0,001). Conclusão O resultado do nosso estudo indica que pacientes com concha média bolhosa tendem a apresentar uma maior profundidade do teto etmoidal.
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This study was carried out to know the frequency of occurrence of common anatomic variants in computed tomography of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Non contrast Computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses of 100 patients referred to Department Of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College were retrospectively studied. The Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans were evaluated for various anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The frequency of occurrence was calculated in percentage.We found out that deviated nasal septum (DNS) was the most common variant in this study, seen in 86% of cases, followed by Agger nasi cells which was seen in 56% and the third most common was supra-orbital ethmoidal cells seen in 42% of the study population. All the cases included in the study, had minimum of one variant. Most of the study population showed multiple anatomical variations of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity. In conclusion, multidetector Computed tomography plays an important role is the assessment of various anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Pre-operative MDCT of Paranasal sinuses, gives the surgeons most if not all of the anatomical information they need to tailor surgeries. Considering the relatively high frequency of occurrence of these variants, it is essential for the radiologists to have a precise knowledge of imaging features of normal anatomy and anatomical variants of Paranasal sinuses.
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Analizar la evolución del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) en neonatos pretérminos del área de cuidados intensivos del Hospital General Delfina Torres de Concha. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación es un estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La muestra probabilística quedó conformada por 49 madres de neonatos prematuros. Las técnicas utilizadas son el estudio documental y la encuesta. Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron ambos sexos, que nacieron entre las 26 y las 35 semanas de gestación, durante los meses de julio, agosto y septiembre de 2020. Las variables fueron los factores sociodemográficos de las madres, los factores de riesgo maternos, el género, vía del parto, peso al nacer, complicaciones de los neonatos y la mortalidad infantil. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la etnia prevalente fue la mestiza (65,3%), el estado civil más representado fue el de unión libre (51,0%) y el nivel de escolaridad es muy bajo, así como el per cápita económico familiar. Los factores de riesgo maternos fueron la hipertensión (21,5%), la edad y la preeclamsia (18,5%, respectivamente). En los recién nacidos prevaleció el sexo masculino (46,9%) sobre el femenino (53.06%), al igual que las cesáreas (55,1%). Las complicaciones más importantes fueron la hemorragia intraventricular (23,8%), la hipertensión pulmonar persistente (20,6%) y la displasia broncopulmonar (15,9%). La tasa de mortalidad infantil se situó en el 32,7%. Conclusiones: Existe una correlación entre las complicaciones severas de los recién nacidos y la mortalidad neonatal. Por la trascendencia familiar y social del fallecimiento de neonatos y la frecuencia de trastornos respiratorios en la morbimortalidad de los recién nacidos en dicho Hospital, se hace necesario realizar estudios que estimulen la prevención y diagnóstico oportuno, especialmente en contextos como el nuestro
To analyze the evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in preterm neonates in the intensive care area of the Hospital General Delfina Torres de Concha. Materials and Methods: The research is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The probabilistic sample consisted of 49 mothers of preterm infants. The techniques used were documentary study and survey. The inclusion criteria included both sexes, born between 26 and 35 weeks of gestation, during the months of July, August and September 2020. The variables were sociodemographic factors of the mothers, maternal risk factors, gender, and route of delivery, birth weight, neonatal complications and infant mortality. The results: The results show that the most prevalent ethnic group was mestizo (65.3%), the most represented marital status was a union (51.0%) and the level of schooling was very low, as well as the family economic per capita. Maternal risk factors were hypertension (21.5%), age and preeclamsia (18.5%, respectively). Among the newborns, the male sex (46.9%) prevailed over the female (53.06%), as did cesarean sections (55.1%). The most important complications were intraventricular hemorrhage (23.8%), persistent pulmonary hypertension (20.6%) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (15.9%). The infant mortality rate was 32.7%. Conclusions: There is a correlation between severe newborn complications and neonatal mortality. Due to the family and social importance of neonatal deaths and the frequency of respiratory disorders in the morbidity and mortality of newborns in this Hospital, it is necessary to carry out studies to stimulate prevention and timely diagnosis, especially in contexts such as ours
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Social Class , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Cesarean Section , Surveys and Questionnaires , Educational Status , Age GroupsABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Anadara tuberculosa es un recurso pesquero y económico importante, propio de los ecosistemas de manglar en el Pacífico Orienta Tropical. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la estructura de tallas, distribución y densidad de A. tuberculosa, en el Golfo de Montijo y Manglares de David, para evaluar el estado del recurso en los dos sistemas de manglar del Pacífico de Panamá. Métodos: Los datos corresponden a información histórica de tallas y densidad levantada entre el 2004 y 2020 para el Golfo de Montijo (GM), así como datos de tallas, densidades y distribución levantados en el 2016 de manera simultánea en 51 cuadrantes en GM y 56 cuadrantes en Manglares de David (MD), muestreados en temporada seca, transición, lluviosa y transición, donde además se registró la temperatura, la salinidad y el pH del agua del canal y del agua retenida en el manglar. En el 2016 se instalaron y muestrearon cuadrantes fijos para seguimiento de densidades, muestreo que se repitió en el 2019. En el 2019 se establecen transectos desde el borde del manglar con el canal principal, hasta límite con tierra firme y en cada transecto se instalaron tres cuadrantes, en los estratos inicial, medio y final. Resultados: Los ejemplares del Golfo de Montijo resultaron más grandes, pero la densidad resultó superior en Manglares de David. La comparación de tallas por periodo de muestreo en el 2016, dentro de cada localidad, resultó significativa solo para el Golfo de Montijo, donde las mayores tallas se presentaron en marzo y junio y las menores en octubre-diciembre. No se encontró asociación entre la temperatura, salinidad y pH, y la distribución del molusco. Para el Golfo de Montijo se encontró un descenso sostenido de las densidades desde 1.82 conchas/m2 en el 2004 hasta 0.6 conchas/m2 en el 2019, contrario a lo observado en la estructura de tallas, donde se observó predominio de las tallas superiores a los 50 mm de longitud total y un aumento de la talla promedio de captura de 52.62 mm en el 2004 a 59.28 mm en el 2020. Atendiendo a la distancia del canal principal, se determinó la presencia del molusco hasta poco más de dos kilómetros dentro del manglar y hasta más de 500 m del canal secundario más cercano, así como una disminución de la densidad y un aumento de la talla conforme nos acercamos a tierra firme. Conclusiones: Para A. tuberculosa, la combinación de una estructura de tallas sobre los 50 mm y de bajas densidades, indican que la población de concha negra en el Golfo de Montijo presenta un grado de deterioro, asociado a estresores pesqueros y ambientales.
Abstract Introduction: Anadara tuberculosa is an economically important fishery resource of mangrove ecosystems in the tropical Eastern Pacific. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the size structure, distribution, and density of A. tuberculosa, in the Gulf of Montijo (GM) and Mangroves of David (MD) in the Panamanian Pacific, to assess the state of the resource in Panama's two Pacific mangrove systems. Methods: We analyzed Gulf of Montijo historical clam size records and densities from 2004 and 2020. Hundred and seven 30 m2 permanent plots (51 from GOM and 56 from MOD) were set and sampled in 2016 at four time intervals (dry season, transition into rainy, rainy season and transition into dry season) to obtain clams sizes, densities and distributions. The plots were sampled again in 2019. Physical variables such as temperature (°C), salinity (PSU) and pH from the water retained in the mangrove channels were also recorded. Nine transects were installed and sampled in 2019. Three at the seaward edge of the mangrove fringe, three at the inshore edge, and three half-way between the first two. Three quadrats were sampled at the beginning, middle and end of each transect. Results: Gulf of Montijo A. tuberculosa were found to larger but at lower densities than those from Mangroves of David. At each site, size comparison by sampling period, were statistically significant only for GOM, where larger sizes were found in March and July and smaller sizes in October-December. There was no correlation between the distributions of A. tuberculosa and temperature, salinity and pH. A sustained decrease in A. tuberculosa densities was found for GOM (1.82 ind/m2 in 2004 to 0.6 ind/m2 in 2019). This contrast with the predominantly larger clam sizes above 50 mm in total length and an increase in mean size of collected individuals (52.62 mm in 2004 to 59.28 mm in 2020). Specimens of A. tuberculosa were found up to slightly more than 2 km inshore from the main channel and within slightly more than 500 m from a secondary channel. Clam densities decreased and sizes increased in a seaward-inshore direction. Conclusions: For A. tuberculosa, the combination of size classes larger than 50 mm and low densities of individuals is evidence of population deterioration associated to fishery and environmental stressors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bivalvia , Animal Distribution , PanamaABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Mechanical obstruction is the most common form of nasal obstruction. Among the types of mechanical obstructions, septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy are the most prevalent. Objective: This study evaluated the early clinical outcomes of inferior turbinate radiofrequency and inferior turbinate lateralization combined with septoplasty in the treatment of nasal obstruction symptoms. Methods: The research retrospectively evaluated data from 33 patients (24 male, nine female) undergoing septoplasty and inferior turbinate radiofrequency (RF group) and 32 patients (24 male, eight female) treated with septoplasty and inferior turbinate lateralization (LAT group), who were admitted, with complaints of nasal obstruction, to the University of Health Sciences, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018. The patients' preoperative and 6-month postoperative symptoms were evaluated via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, the NOSE scale. Results: The mean preoperative NOSE scores were 10.3 ± 4.2 in the RF group and 10.9 ± 4.9 in the LAT group, and the mean six-month postoperative scores were 1.09 ± 1.3 in the RF group and 1.2 ± 1.3 in the LAT group. There was no significant difference in NOSE scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained in this study show that both methods result in similar outcomes in terms of relieving nasal obstruction symptoms in patients requiring inferior turbinate intervention. Therefore, the researchers believe that, in each case, the intervention method should be selected at the discretion of the patient and surgeon(s).
Resumo Introdução: A obstrução mecânica é a forma mais comum de obstrução nasal. Entre os tipos de obstruções mecânicas, o desvio do septo e a hipertrofia de conchas inferiores são os mais prevalentes. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos iniciais da aplicação de radiofrequência nas conchas inferiores e a lateralização delas combinada com septoplastia no tratamento dos sintomas de obstrução nasal. Método: O estudo avaliou retrospectivamente dados de 33 pacientes (24 homens, nove mulheres) que foram submetidos a septoplastia e aplicação de radiofrequência no concha inferior (grupo RF) e 32 pacientes (24 homens, oito mulheres) submetidos a septoplastia e lateralização de concha inferior (grupo LAT), que foram admitidos com queixas de obstrução nasal na University of Health Sciences, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, entre 1° de janeiro de 2017 e 1° de janeiro de 2018. Os sintomas pré-operatórios e pós-operatórios de 6 meses dos pacientes foram avaliados pela escala NOSE, do inglês Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation. Resultados: Os escores médios pré-operatórios da escala NOSE foram 10,3 ± 4,2 no grupo RF e 10,9 ± 4,9 no grupo LAT e os escores médios pós-operatórios de seis meses foram 1,09 ± 1,3 no grupo RF e 1,2 ± 1,3 no grupo LAT. Não houve diferença significante nos escores da escala NOSE entre os dois grupos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste estudo mostram que ambos os métodos têm resultados semelhantes em termos de alívio dos sintomas de obstrução nasal em pacientes que necessitam de intervenção nas conchas inferiores. Portanto, os pesquisadores acreditam que, em cada caso, o método de intervenção deve ser selecionado a critério do paciente e do cirurgião.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rhinoplasty , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Turbinates/surgery , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hypertrophy/surgery , Nasal Septum/surgeryABSTRACT
Se presentan 4 máscaras precolombinas, tres de las cuales son ecuatorianas y una colombiana. Las primeras son de cerámica y se adscriben a la cultura Jama-Coaque y la tercera de concha Spondylus prínceps no tiene adscripción a ninguna en particular del Ecuador prehispánico, por no existir un estudio sistemático en Ecuador sobre la relación de esas máscaras con sus culturas costeras, la colombiana es de cobre. La primera de cerámica ecuatoriana por su tamaño, peso y elementos agregados un material blanco que simula los dientes, tres piedras verdes que parecen los ojos y una incrustación sublabial, un bezote hacen pensar en una máscara mortuoria de un personaje de poder y alto estatus social; la segunda de cerámica por presentar dieciséis nódulos faciales remite al observador a la llamada verruga peruana o bartonelosis, la tercera ecuatoriana fue elaborada posiblemente como un elemento votivo o de ofrenda para exhibir poder o invocar fuerza o protección dado el carácter de gran valor simbólico de esa concha roja. La máscara de cobre del Cauca medio o Quimbaya, en razón a su material, peso y color, con bastante probabilidad fue usada como adorno colocado sobre el pecho del personaje poderoso o de elevado estatus. Se compara la máscara con bartonelosis con otras dos que el autor ya había documentado, la de concha con otra del mismo tipo de material, la máscara de cobre con una pequeña de piedra jadeíta se referencia con una calavera enmascarada que el autor tuvo la oportunidad de estudiar hace varios años. Se concluye sugiriendo los usos tradicionalmente asignados a las máscaras: festivos, mortuorios y como adornos corporales para resaltar el poder de quien las exhibe. Las máscaras con la erupción tipo nódulos debieron jugar un papel similar a las estatuillas en cerámica y piedra que representan patologías con tanto realismo en el arte prehispánico, pudiendo ser una forma de enseñar, dentro de un pensamiento médico empírico analógico, como lo son los moldes en cera, las fotografías, los dibujos y pinturas en la medicina moderna basada en un pensamiento empírico analítico.
Four pre-Columbian masks are presented, three of which are Ecuadorian and one Colombian. The Ecuadorian masks are made of ceramics and ascribe to the Jama-Coaque culture and the third is made of Spondylus prínceps shell, and does not have any ascription to any particular Ecuadorian pre-Hispanic coastal culture, for no systematic study was conducted in Ecuador on the relationship of those masks and coastal cultures. The Colombian mask is made of copper. The first ceramic mask, for its size, weight and additional elements a white material that simulates teeth, three green stones that simulate eyes and a lower labial incrustation, "bezote"- makes one recall a death mask of an individual with significant power and high social status; the second ceramic mask, features sixteen facial nodules which refer the observer to the Peruvian wart or bartonellosis, the third mask was possibly created as a volitional or offering element to exhibit power or evoke the force or protection given the great symbolic value of that red shell. The middle Cauca Quimbaya copper mask was most probably used as an ornament for the chest of a powerful or high class person given its material, weight and color. The mask that resembles bartonellosis is compared with other two masks the author had already examined. The shell mask was compared with another made of the same type of shell, the copper mask with a small jadeite stone mask, a masked skull that the author had the opportunity to examine several years ago.Finally, these interpretations suggest that in addition to the uses traditionally assigned to the masks: festive, funerary and as body adornments to portray the power of the wearer, the masks with the multiple nodular lesions must have served a role similar to that of the ceramic and stone miniature statues which depict pathologies, featuring great realism in pre-Hispanic art, as a way of teaching through an analogical empirical medical thought, the same role played by wax molds, photographs and drawings and paintings in modern medicine, also based on analytical empirical thought.
Subject(s)
Piedra , Ceramics , Masks , Paleopathology , Teaching , Bartonella Infections , SymbolismABSTRACT
Background: Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired airfilled, mucosa lined spaces surrounding the nasal cavity. Thepneumatization or hypoplasia of the sinuses affects thedrainage pathways, causing chronic infections andcomplications. The aim of the present study was to assess theanatomical variations of paranasal sinuses on computedtomography.Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study wascarried out over the period of 6 months using 80 CBCT imagesof patients, with their age group ranging from 20-50 yearsreferred for different oral diagnostic purposes. An assessmentof paranasal sinuses and it’s variations were accuratelycharacterized in axial, coronal and sagittal sections. The datawas analysed statistically using SPSS 21 software and Chisquare test was used to find the statistical significance.Results: In the present study total participant were 80 in which56.25% were having anatomical variation. 8.75% were havingvariation in agar nasi cells,10% were having variation in Kuhncells, 7.5% were having variation in Onodi cells, 5% werehaving variation in haller cells, 10% were having variation inconcha bullosa, 12.5% were having variation in nasal septumdeviation, 20% were having variation in maxillary sinus septa,17.5% were having variation in sphenoid sinus pnematization,2.5% were having variation in maxillary sinus pnematization,6.25% were having variation in Crista galli pneumatisation.Conclusion: This study concluded that imaging of the PNS willaid in diagnosis in individual patients, and also provide adeeper understanding of the manifestations of the disease.
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Objective: To explore the anthropometric changes of the auricle after auricular cartilage unfolding in moderate concha-type microtia patients, so as to provide the basis to help evaluate surgical timing and prognostic. Methods: A total of 33 children with moderate concha-type microtia, who were treated with auricular cartilage unfolding between October 2016 and September 2018 and met the inclusive criteria, were included in the study. There were 24 boys and 9 girls with an average age of 1.4 years (range, 1-3 years). Sixteen cases were left ears and 17 cases were right ears. The follow-up time was 12-23 months (mean, 17.5 months). The affected auricular detailed structures were observed and quantitatively analyzed before operation and at immediate after operation. The width, length, and perimeter of auricle before operation and at immediate after operation and at last follow-up were noted with three dimensional-scanning technology. The normal auricle was noted as control. Results: There were (7.5±1.0) and (11.3±0.8) structures of the affected auricle at pre- and post-operation, respectively, showing significant difference between pre- and post-operation ( t=23.279, P=0.000). The length, width, and perimeter of the affected auricle constantly increased after operation, and there were significant differences between pre-operation and immediately after operation and between immediately after operation and last follow-up ( P0.05). Conclusion: The auricular cartilage unfolding in treatment of the moderate concha-type microtia can receive more ear structures and increase auricle sizes, which make it possible for free composite tissue transplantation. In addition, the affected and the contralateral normal auricles have a very similar growth rate and it offers the theoretical foundation for the early treatment for moderate concha-type microtia.
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Objective: To summarize the current progress of clinical therapy for concha-type microtia. Methods: The domestic and overseas literature about the treatment of concha-type microtia was reviewed and the contents of operative timing, operation selection, and complications were analyzed. Results: The unified therapeutic schedule of the concha-type microtia has not yet been determined due to its complicated various therapeutic methods and unknown etiology. The operation methods commonly used in clinic are partial ear reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage framework and free composite tissue transplantation. The timing of the partial ear reconstruction depends on the development of costal cartilage and children's psychological healthy. The timing of free composite tissue transplantation depends on the severity. It is recommended to perform the operation at about 10 years old for mild patients. For moderate patients, ear cartilage stretching should be performed at 1-2 years old and free composite tissue transplantation would be performed at about 10 years old. The complications of partial ear reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage framework for concha-type microtia mainly include framework exposure, deformation, infection, cartilage absorption, and skin necrosis. The complications of free composite tissue transplantation have not been reported. Conclusion: Etiology and elaborated classifications with individualized treatment are the future research directions.
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Objective: To explore the reasonable utilization of residual ear tissue after total ear reconstruction with total expansion method in patients with microtia of concha cavity, in order to obtain the best appearance. Methods: The clinical data of 150 patients with microtia of concha cavity between January 2012 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 92 males and 58 females, with an average age of 11.1 years (range, 6.5-35.0 years). The shallow upper auriculocephalic angle was found after the first stage expander embedding and the second stage total expansion, and the third stage auricular reconstruction was carried out 6-12 months later. The residual earlobe was transferred through Z-plasty to reconstruct the lobe. An arc incision was made to release and deepen the upper auriculocephalic angle. And then a skin flap pedicled on the upper part of the residual ear was formed and then transferred to cover the wound on the auriculocephalic angle. The residual ear cartilage tissue flaps with subcutaneous tissue pedicle were inserted into the lacuna under the framework to increase the height of the scaffold. The remaining residual ear skin flaps were sutured to cover the wound of concha. Results: A epidermis blister in diameter of 0.5 cm was found in 1 patient's flap at 7 days after operation, and healed after 2 weeks of dressing change. The other patients' flaps survived well. All the patients were followed up 6-12 months, with an average of 9.6 months. The auriculocephalic angle in the upper part of the reconstructed ear was obviously deepened, the height of the reconstructed ear was increased. The symmetry of the ears was better than before. The concha was not obviously contracted and the appearance of the reconstructed ear was satisfactory. The hair on the upper surface of the reconstructed ear decreased obviously, and the hairline around the ear moved up. Conclusion: The transfer of the upper residual auricular skin flap and residual auricular cartilage in patients with microtia of concha cavity can not only deepen the auriculocephalic angle, but also increase the height of the upper framework. The symmetry between the reconstructed auricle and the normal auricle is better than before.
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Objective@#To investigate the treatment of protrusion deformity of the concha cavity with cartilage excision and turning over of the concha cavity, and to evaluate its advantages, disadvantages and indications.@*Methods@#Eight patients with protrusion deformity of the concha cavity were treated by this method in Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2010 to January 2018.An incision was made in the auriculocephalic angle to expose the dorsal side of the anterior concha cartilage. An elliptical incision was made on the edge of the protrusion area of concha cavity and stripped. The cartilage slices were turned over after crossing scratches and re-implanted into the corresponding area of the concha cavity and sutured with absorbable suture. Then packing with a gauze ball in front of the concha cavity. To observe the healing of incision and the occurrence of hematoma 10 days postoperative. The skin shrinkage of concha cavity and the secondary deformity of concha cavity were evaluated 6-12 months later when the patients were followed-up.@*Results@#The protrusion deformity of concha cavity was corrected in all patients. The incision healed well without local hematoma. There was no obvious distortion of the concha cavity after 6-12 months follow-up.@*Conclusions@#Harvesting and in situ turning over of cartilage slices can effectively treat the protrusion deformity of the concha cavity. There is no skin shrinkage and deformation in the concha cavity after operation.
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Objective@#To investigate the curative effect of auricular deformity repaired by concha cartilage.@*Methods@#From January 2017 to June 2018, 15 cases with auricular deformities were repaired using the autologous concha cartilage which combined with the retroauricular flap or retroauricular fascia with skin grafting. 9 males and 6 females, aged 10-40 with an average age of 19; 3 cases of upper 1/3 traumatic auricle defect, 2 cases of congenital Stahl's ear, 5 cases of congenital cup-shaped ear and 5 cases of congenital cryptotia.@*Results@#Total 15 patients were followed up for 12-18 months after the surgery. The area of concha cartilage resection was about 0.5 cm×1.0 cm. The shape and size of the repaired ears were similar to the healthy ear. The transplanted cartilages were not absorbed or deformed. The incision was healed well and retroauricular flap, retroauricular fascia, and skin grafting were preserved well without complications like hemorrhage, necrosis, and infection.@*Conclusions@#This method is harmless and simple, which has reliable and satisfactory effects on various auricular deformities.