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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(2): 7-23, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279204

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente estudio se propuso investigar perfiles de usuarios de redes sociales que presentan conductas disruptivas online. Para tal fin se diseñó un índice que permite evaluar el nivel en el que se presentan dichas conductas y se analizó la relación entre la intensidad de la conducta disruptiva online con variables sociodemográficas, motivos de usos de redes, variables de personalidad (normales, patológicas y rasgos vinculados a tríada oscura), bienestar y malestar psicológico. Participaron 858 adultos (421 hombres y 437 mujeres) que tenían en promedio 39.16 años (DE = 14.14). Para la recolección de datos se administraron: Dark Triad Scale, Big Five Inventory, Inventario para Trastornos de la Personalidad para el DSM-5, Mental Health Continuum . Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, y se diseñaron dos escalas: Índice de Conductas Disruptivas Online y Motivos de Utilización de Redes Sociales. En cuanto a las variables sociodemográficas, se halló que los más jóvenes de sexo masculino y que no trabajaban eran quienes presentaban un mayor nivel de comportamientos disruptivos online. En cuanto a los motivos de uso de redes, se observó que preferían usarlas con fines meramente exhibicionistas, de ocio o para iniciar nuevas relaciones. Por otro lado, en relación con rasgos de personalidad, aquellos que diferenciaban los perfiles en cuanto a la intensidad de las conductas disruptivas fueron: bajos niveles de responsabilidad y altos niveles de desinhibición, narcisismo y maquiavelismo. Por último, se demostró que presentar este tipo de conductas se asocia con mayor nivel de estrés y menor de bienestar social.


Abstract The present study focused on the analysis of online disruptive behavior that usually occurs among social network users. Individuals who perpetrate such behavior are commonly known as trolls or haters (Cheng, Danescu-Niculescu-Mitzil, & Leskovec, 2015). In general, they post comments, photos or provocative videos that do not pursue any purpose other than annoying or obtaining pleasure or fun (Brandel, 2007; Phillips, 2011). Recent studies have shown that certain personality traits are associated with the presence of such disruptive behavior. In this research, we studied normal personality traits, psychopathological traits, and dark personality traits in relation to disruptive behavior. The normal personality traits were considered from the classic Five Factor Model (FFM) - Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (Costa, & McCrae, 1985); the psychopathological traits, from the latest version of the DSM - Negative Effect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013); and the dark personality traits from the so-called Dark Triad model - Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy (Palthus, & Williams, 2002). This latter model has a growing interest in the international literature, related to dysfunctional Internet use, particularly to social networks. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze profiles of social network users who present online disruptive behavior. For this purpose, an index was designed to assess the level of occurrence of such behaviors. First, the relationship between the intensity of online disruptive behavior and sociodemographic variables (i. e., sex, age, studies, occupation and nationality) and motives for social network use (i. e., Relationship maintenance; Passing time and Exhibitionism; Relationship Initiation and Search for companionship) were assessed. Then, the relationships among personality variables (i. e., normal, psychopathological and traits related to the dark triad); well-being (i. e., emotional, social and personal) and psychological distress (i. e., anxiety, stress and depression) were analyzed. The sample consisted of 858 adults (421 men, 49.1 % and 437 women, 50.9 %) with a mean age of 39.16 years (SD = 14.14). The majority (67.9 %; n = 583) lived in Buenos Aires, Argentina). For data collection, the following questionnaires were used: Dark Triad Scale (DTS), Big Five Inventory (BFI), Personality Disorder Inventory (PID-5-BF), the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Additionally, two scales were designed: Online Disruptive Behavior Index, and Motives for Social Networks Use. The SPPS 24.0 statistical package was used for data analysis. Overall, the results are consistent with those reported in the international literature. Regarding sociodemographic variables, it was found that male, younger and unemployed individuals are those who presented higher level of online disruptive behavior. Considering motives for social network use, it was observed that individuals who tend to behave in a dysfunctional manner, preferred to use social networks purely for exhibitionism, pastime or relationships initiation. Regarding personality traits, those who differentiated profiles in terms of intensity of disruptive behaviors were: low levels of responsibility and high levels of disinhibition, narcissism and Machiavellianism. Thus, it might be concluded that the overall personality profile tends to be dysfunctional in terms of its characteristics. Finally, it was shown that presenting this type of behavior is associated with higher levels of stress and lower levels of social wellbeing. Therefore, it might be interpreted that although individuals who behave disruptively tend to obtain gratification from injury and deceit to others, this behavior does not result in positive results for them, but rather results in feelings of discomfort from a personal and social point of view.

2.
rev. psicogente ; 23(44): 144-165, jul.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361214

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La deprivación sociocultural es un fenómeno multifactorial que incide en los procesos de desarrollo y adaptación de los individuos a sus contextos de socialización y aprendizaje. De ahí la importancia del estudio de los factores predisponentes de la deprivación sociocultural y la disrupción escolar, entre tanto brinda insumos interpretativos que favorecen la comprensión de la influencia de las dinámicas socioambientales en los procesos relacionales y de convivencia en la escuela. Objetivo: Caracterizar las conductas disruptivas en adolescentes en situación de deprivación sociocultural favoreciendo un marco de comprensión que permita entender la génesis de los factores de disruptividad en las dinámicas interaccionales Escuela-Comunidad. Método: A nivel metodológico se suscribió en el paradigma cualitativo con enfoque histórico-hermenéutico y método micro-etnográfico, se utilizaron técnicas como las entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante; el estudio contó con 80 estudiantes provenientes de las comunas 10, 6 y 3, 30 de género femenino y 50 de género masculino con rango de edad de los 13 a 17 años en la ciudad de Pasto, Nariño, con reportes de disrupción escolar y cuyos ambientes sociocomunitarios evidencian factores predisponentes a la deprivación sociocultural. Resultados: Se logran identificar las conductas disruptivas que afectan el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y los factores de deprivación sociocultural asociados, seguidamente expone las conductas disruptivas con incidencia en los procesos de convivencia escolar, y se bosqueja un marco interpretativo sobre las consecuencias de la disruptividad en las dinámicas escolares. Conclusiones: La deprivación sociocultural evidencia una situación de desventaja social al momento que los escolares expuestos a sus factores predisponentes cuentan con menos herramientas para la adaptación y aprovechamiento de la experiencia escolar, es además, uno de los detonantes de la disrupción escolar, fenómeno multifactorial que afecta tanto los procesos convivenciales como académicos; y un factor predictor del fracaso escolar.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Sociocultural deprivation is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects the processes of development and adaptation of individuals to their contexts of socialization and learning. Hence, the importance of studying the predisposing factors of sociocultural deprivation and school disruption, meanwhile, it provides interpretative inputs that promote the understanding of the influence of socioenvironmental dynamics on the relationship and coexistence processes in the school. Objective: To characterize the disruptive behaviors in adolescents in a situation of sociocultural deprivation, favoring a framework of understanding that allows us to understand the genesis of disruptive factors in the interaction dynamics of the School-Community. Method: At the methodological level, the qualitative paradigm was subscribed with a historical-hermeneutical approach and a micro-ethnographic method, using techniques such as in-depth interviews and participant observation; The study included 80 students from communes 10, 6, and 3, 30 female and 50 male, with an age range of 13 to 17 years in the Pasto city, with reports of school disruption and whose socio-community environments show predisposing factors to the sociocultural deprivation. Results: It is possible to identify the disruptive behaviors that affect the teaching-learning process and the associated sociocultural deprivation factors, then it exposes the disruptive behaviors with incidence in the processes of school coexistence, and outlines an interpretative framework on the consequences of the disruption in school dynamics. Conclusions: Sociocultural deprivation shows a situation of social disadvantage at the time that schoolchildren exposed to its predisposing factors have fewer tools for adapting and taking advantage of school experience, it is also one of the triggers of school disruption, a multifactorial phenomenon that affects both coexistence and academic processes; and a predictor of school failure.

3.
Actual. psicol. (Impr.) ; 34(129)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR, PsiArg | ID: biblio-1383488

ABSTRACT

Resumen. Objetivo. Estudiar las relaciones entre variables de ajuste personal y las conductas disruptivas en un grupo de 136 alumnos y alumnas de primaria de entre 9 y 12 años. Método. Estudio de campo observacional, de metodología no experimental y transversal. Se utilizaron varios cuestionarios para medir la autoestima, la personalidad, el estrés y las competencias emocionales de los y las estudiantes, así como un cuestionario ad hoc elaborado para el registro de las conductas disruptivas. Resultados. Los resultados indican relaciones significativas positivas entre conductas disruptivas y estrés escolar, así como negativas con autoestima, estabilidad, competencia y comprensión emocional. Las diferencias son significativas según el género, manifestándose las conductas inadecuadas en menor medida en el caso de las niñas.


Abstract. Objective. This study analyses the relationships between personal adjustment and disruptive behaviors in a group of 136 primary school students between the ages of 9 and 12. Method. This field observation study used a non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology. Several questionnaires were used to measure students' self-esteem, personality, stress, and emotional competencies. Moreover, an ad hoc questionnaire was created to record disruptive behaviors. Results. The results indicate significant positive relationships between disruptive behaviors and school stress, as well as negative ones with self-esteem, stability, competence, and emotional understanding. The differences are significant according to gender, with inappropriate behaviors manifesting to a lesser extent in the case of girls.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Personality , Stress, Physiological , Problem Behavior/psychology , Spain , Students
4.
Rev. iberoam. psicol. (En línea) ; 13(1): 139-150, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1247994

ABSTRACT

Este estudio analiza los estilos de crianza parental y su relación con la aparición y mantenimiento de conductas disruptivas en escolares. El proceso de socialización en la familia es el primer y principal medio que provee y retroalimenta a nivel comportamental y emocional la conducta infantil, al vincular la práctica de actitudes, delimitación de normas-límites, valores, cumplimientos de funciones-roles y expresiones de comunicación-afecto. Se utilizó estudio de caso. Participaron seis progenitores de hijos 5 a 9 años de edad, a quienes se aplicó entrevistas psicológicas, escala de Funcionamiento Familiar (EFP) y cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar (FF-SI), a seis docentes se administró: Escala de Evaluación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad e Inventario del Comportamiento de niños/as de 6-8 años para profesores/as. De las entrevistas clínicas se desprende que la mayoría de los niños muestran conductas disruptivas en los contextos: familiar y educativo, sus principales manifestaciones: irritaciones, confrontaciones, exigencias, búsqueda constante de atención, bajo rendimiento escolar, inquietud, desobediencia, no cumplen con tareas u obligaciones, desafiantes y manipuladores. Respecto a los estilos parentales y al funcionamiento familiar, los resultados encontrados muestran que las familias emplean estilos de crianza parental rígidos y permisivos. De ellas la mitad es moderadamente funcional y disfuncional. Por su parte, los docentes cumplimentan pruebas que indican la existencia de trastorno de conducta de riesgo elevado y moderado, con rango clínico. Estos resultados permiten concluir que los estilos de crianza parental se convierten en factores de protección o riesgo en la conducta de niños según la interacción que exista.


This study analyzes parenting styles and their relationship to the appearance and maintenance of disruptive behavior in school children. The process of socialization in the family is the first and main means that provides and provides feedback at a behavioral and emotional level for children's behavior, by linking the practice of attitudes, delimitation of norms-limits, values, fulfillment of functions-roles and expressions of communication -affection. A case study was used. Six parents of children from 5 to 9 years old participated, to whom psychological interviews, Family Functioning Scale (FFS) and Family Functioning Questionnaire (FF-SI) were applied, six teachers were administered: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment Scale and Behavior Inventory for 6-8 years old children for teachers. From the clinical interviews, it was found that most of the children showed disruptive behaviors in the following contexts: family and educational, their main manifestations: irritations, confrontations, demands, constant attention seeking, low school performance, restlessness, disobedience, failure to fulfill tasks or obligations, defiance and manipulation. Regarding parental styles and family functioning, the results found show that families employ rigid and permissive parenting styles. Half of them are moderately functional and dysfunctional. For their part, teacher's complete tests that indicate the existence of high- and moderate-risk behavioral disorders, with clinical range. These results allow us to conclude that parenting styles become protective or risk factors in children's behavior depending on the interaction that exists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Rearing , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Socialization , Attitude , Risk Factors , Parenting , Communication , Affect
5.
Univ. psychol ; 15(4): 1-11, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963191

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre niveles altos y moderados de estrés parental y relaciones derivadas, en una muestra de padres y estudiantes de pregrado. Para este estudio se utilizó un diseño de comparación entre grupos con una medida pretest. La muestra total se dividió en tres grupos, trece padres con niveles altos en el Índice de Estrés Parental (IEP) fueron asignados a un grupo, otros trece padres con puntajes moderados en el IEP se asignaron a un segundo grupo y trece estudiantes de pregrado fueron asignados a un grupo control. Inicialmente, todos los participantes fueron expuestos a un video de un niño presentando conductas disruptivas. Seguido de esto, todos los participantes fueron expuestos a un procedimiento de entrenamiento en discriminaciones condicionales A-B y A-C; el grupo de estímulos A correspondía a figuras sin sentido, el grupo B a conductas disruptivas de los niños y el grupo C de estímulos a conductas positivas de los padres. Luego se entrenaron relaciones mixtas (A-B y A-C), y finalmente se evaluaron relaciones de transitividad y equivalencia. Los resultados muestran que los participantes con estrés alto presentaron menor precisión de respuesta y mayores latencias de respuesta en las relaciones derivadas, comparado con el grupo de estrés moderado y control. Lo anterior indica que los padres que presentan altos niveles de estrés parental tienen mayor dificultad para establecer nuevas relaciones de estímulos, especialmente aquellos con valencia emocional. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones a nivel clínico, específicamente en la flexibilidad relacional.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between higher and moderate parental stress scores and derived relations in parents and undergraduate students. A group comparison design with a pretest measure was used in this study. The sample size was divided in three different groups, thirteen parents with high scores on the Parental Stress Index (PSI) were assigned to one group, other thirteen parents with moderate scores on the PSI were assigned to a second group, and thirteen undergraduate students were assigned to a control group. Initially all participants were exposed to a video of a child exhibiting disruptive behaviors. Following this all participants were exposed to a conditional discrimination training A-B and A-C, one stimulus set A corresponded to nonsense figures, a second stimulus set B corresponded to children's disruptive behaviors, and the set C to positive parenting behaviors. Then mixed relations (A-B and A-C) were trained followed by transitivity and equivalence tests. The results show that participants with high scores on the PSI exhibited low response accuracy and longer response latencies during derived relations compared to the control group and moderate stress. These results suggest that parents with high PSI scores, have greater difficulty in establishing new relations between stimuli, especially stimuli loaded with emotional value. These findings have implications at clinical level, specifically in relational flexibility.

6.
Univ. psychol ; 7(2): 357-367, mayo-ago. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572057

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos fueron: 1) comparar las habilidades cognitivas para la solución de problemas interpersonales en niños con conductas disruptivas y víctimas de maltrato y 2) analizar las emociones identificadas por ambos grupos al describir situaciones de interacción social conflictivas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 49 niños/as entre 6 y 10 años de edad: 27 con conductas disruptivas y 22 en situación de riesgo por maltrato, pertenecientes a Mendoza, Argentina. En ambos grupos se evaluaron las habilidades cognitivas para la solución de problemas interpersonales. Se concluye que, dependiendo de la edad, existen diferencias entre ambos grupos en las siguientes habilidades: identificación del problema, generación de alternativas de solución y anticipación de consecuencias. Además, los niños víctimas de maltrato detectaron la emoción "miedo" en mayor proporción en comparación con los niños con conductas disruptivas.


The goals were: 1) to compare cognitive skills in the solution of interpersonal problems in children with disruptive behaviour and those victimsof maltreatment, and 2) to assess the emotions identified in both groupswithin frames of conflictive social interaction. The sample consisted of 49 boys/girls aged 6 to 10 years old – 27 children showing disruptive behaviourand the other 22 at risk for maltreatment. All of them live in Mendoza, Argentina. In both groups, cognitive skills in the solution of interpersonal problems were evaluated. We conclude that there are differences between the two groups – always taking age into consideration – in the following skills: identifying problem solving, generation of solution alternatives and anticipation of consequences. Moreover, those children victims of maltreatment clearly showed “fear” in a higher proportion than those with disruptive behaviour.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Adaptation, Psychological , Problem Solving
7.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 62(6): 421-427, nov.-dic. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700792

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las conductas disruptivas son frecuentes en más de la mitad de los pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia, impactan sobre su funcionamiento psicosocial global y provocan el rechazo de la sociedad. El presente estudio plantea la posibilidad de coadyuvar en el tratamiento integral de los niños con epilepsia mediante el empleo de risperidona. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron pacientes pediátricos epilépticos (con epilepsia parcial o generalizada) que presentaban conductas disruptivas asociadas, hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y 14 años, captados en la consulta externa de Neurología del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Se realizó un estudio clínico abierto, prospectivo, con seguimiento durante 4 semanas. Se les administró risperidona, cuya eficacia se evaluó mediante las escalas de mejoría clínica global, la de Peers y la de ADHD-RS. Se midieron el número de crisis y los efectos secundarios con la escala de Yale. Resultados. Se estudiaron 23 pacientes, 7 femeninos y 16 masculinos con una relación M:F de 1.5:1 ,todos con diagnóstico de epilepsia (parcial 19 y generalizada 4). La dosis promedio de risperidona fue de 0.75 mg/día, se hizo un seguimiento de 4 semanas, con respuesta favorable al final del mes en 91% de los pacientes. Los efectos indeseables observados fueron: incremento ponderal en 12 niños, además de síntomas extrapiramidales (discinesias de cabeza y cuello), sialorrea, sed y somnolencia. Conclusión. En el manejo agudo de conductas disruptivas en pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia, la risperidona mostró ser efectiva y segura.


Introduction. Disruptive behavior (DB) is frequent in pediatric patients with epilepsy.This conducts impacts on the functioning of the children, and often leads to their social rejection. The objectives of this study were to observe the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of acute disruptive behavior in pediatric patients with epilepsy. Material and methods. A clinical open label, prospective study with a month follow up was carried out. Pediatric patients with epilepsy (partial or generalized) and disruptive behavior, both gender, between 5 and 14 years of age seen in the neurology department, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, were enrolled.The efficacy was evaluated with CGI, Peers scale and ADHD RS. Number of seizures and secondary effects was evaluated with the same methods. Results. A total of 23 patients, 7 females and 16 males enter the study with a relation M:F of 1.5:1. All the patients had epilepsy, either partial or generalized.The average doses of risperidone was 0.75 mg/kg/d, with and efficacy of 91 % at the final of the 4 weeks follow up.The more frequent side effects were increase in weight in 12 patients, extrapiramidal symptoms (head and neck discinesias) sialorrhea, thirst and somnolence. Conclusions. With these results, we support in this clinic open label study, the efficacy and safety of the use of risperidone in the management of acute disruptive behaviors in pediatric patients with epilepsy.

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