ABSTRACT
O artigo propõe analisar práticas e produção de significados de jovens aficionados por corridas ilegais de carros e de motos ("rachas") e por manobras radicais. A pesquisa etnográfica busca compreender as condutas de risco entre os "rachadores" e o sentido que eles próprios atribuem ao perigo, à aventura e às sensações corpóreas presentes em suas práticas. Isso obriga a alargar os significados de risco e compreender determinadas práticas como contraponto às biopolíticas ou às formas de controle da vida. Os "rachadores" são jovens de classes populares e respondem à impotência social, que os destitui de capital econômico (e social), mediante um capital tecnológico que lhes permite reconhecimento de seus pares e visibilidade social, mesmo que a contrabando, em razão da ilegalidade dessas práticas, quando o risco-aventura torna-se um constitutivo da construção identitária.(AU)
The objective of the present article is to analyze the practices and meanings produced by youths involved in illegal automobile and motorcycle street races and radical maneuvers. This ethnographic study sought to understand risk behaviors among racers and the meaning they attribute to danger, adventure and the body sensations experienced in their practices. To this end, the authors had to adopt a broader meaning of risk and understand certain practices as a counterpoint to biopolitics or forms of life control. The racers are young individuals from lower-income classes, who respond to social impotence, which deprives them of economic (and social) capital, by using technological capital. This gives them status among their peers and social visibility, even if in contraband, as these practices are illegal, and their risks and adventures become a constituting element of identity construction.(AU)
El artículo se propone analizar prácticas y producción de significados de jóvenes aficionados a carreras ilegales de autos y motos y a maniobras radicales. La investigación etnográfica trata de comprender las conductas de riesgo entre los "pilotos" y el sentido que ellos propios atribuyen al peligro, a la aventura y a las sensaciones corporales presentes en sus prácticas. Eso obliga a ensanchar los significados de riesgo y comprender determinadas prácticas como contrapunto a las bio-políticas o a las formas de control de la vida. Los "pilotos" son jóvenes de clases populares y responden a la impotencia social que los destituye de un capital económico (y social) por medio de un capital tecnológico que les permite el reconocimiento de sus pares y visibilidad social, aunque sea de contrabando, debido a la ilegalidad de esas prácticas, cuando el riesgo-aventura pasa a ser un factor constitutivo de la construcción de la identidad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Risk-Taking , Automobiles , Motorcycles , Dangerous Behavior , Anthropology, CulturalABSTRACT
Resumo As 'brincadeiras do desmaio' são comportamentos de risco que têm se difundido rapidamente entre crianças e jovens, provocando dependência, acidentes e mesmo mortes, inclusive no Brasil. Estas atividades são realizadas para vivenciarem sensações eufóricas e fugazes, atraindo grande número de adeptos por meio de milhares de vídeos postados no YouTube. A problemática dos 'jogos de asfixia' é observada nas mídias digitais brasileiras, mas carece de estudos científicos. Por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura e de bibliografia complementar, este trabalho objetiva discorrer sobre os 'jogos de asfixia', alertando aos aspectos psicofisiológicos e comportamentais, aos riscos potenciais destas práticas e, também, apresentar dados epidemiológicos internacionais. Compartilhar essas informações no meio acadêmico é de extrema importância dada a necessidade de maiores conhecimentos sobre o tema, de realizar capacitação de profissionais e de propor medidas preventivas que sensibilizem crianças e jovens ao perigo potencial dos desmaios voluntários. Sensibilizar igualmente os pais e professores a atentarem aos sinais decorrentes destas práticas. É também relevante a busca de apoio dos governantes para o controle da divulgação de vídeos incitativos.
Abstract The 'choking game' is a risk-taking behavior that has spread quickly among children and young people, causing dependence, accidents and even death, including in Brazil. These activities are performed in order to experience fleeting euphoric sensations, attracting numerous participants through the thousands of videos posted on YouTube. The problem of 'asphyxial games' can be observed in the Brazilian digital media, although there is a lack of scientific studies. Through a systematic review of the literature and complementary material, this paper aims to address the 'asphyxial games', warning about the psychophysiological and behavioral effects of these practices, while also presenting international epidemiological data. Sharing this information in academic circles is extremely important given the need to acquire more knowledge on the topic, train professionals and propose preventive measures that raise awareness among children and young people of the potential danger of voluntary fainting. It is equally important to raise awareness among parents and teachers so they can identify the warning signs that children may be engaging in these practices. And finally, it is also necessary to request government support to control exposure to videos that encourage the behavior.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Asphyxia/epidemiology , Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology , Airway Obstruction/enzymology , Asphyxia/psychology , Risk-Taking , Brazil/epidemiology , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Internet , Airway Obstruction/psychologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: contribuir a la reflexión sobre los riesgos y las conductas de riesgo de un grupo de niños, niñas y jóvenes trabajadores(as) con el fin de develar en sus realidades y vivencias nuevos significados y sentires que permitan fortalecer su capacidad de autocuidado. Metodología: investigación cualitativa que muestra la necesidad de abordar desde una mirada comprensiva y sentido crítico, las concepciones de calidad de vida y los comportamientos de riesgo desde los niños y niñas trabajadores. Resultados: el comportamiento de riesgo no es sólo una condición exclusiva de niños, niñas y jóvenes trabajadores(as), sino que se relaciona con los contextos y las historias sociales de las que ellos y ellas forman parte. Las familias de estos(as) niños(as) y jóvenes cuentan con débiles mecanismos simbólicos para apoyar y brindar seguridad, afecto y pautas a sus hijos, lo que se traduce en un vacío de cuidado hacia ellos y ellas, que los lleva a construir otros marcos referenciales y comportamientos de riesgo como el uso de drogas o actividades que a su vez conllevan situaciones de violencia como daños y robos a la propiedad privada. También algunos de ellos y ellas construyen sentidos y significados desde su cotidianidad e interrelaciones con los adultos en la casa, la escuela, el trabajo, lo que involucra su propio reconocimiento o subjetividad en cuanto a prácticas de autocuidado relacionadas con la protección del abuso sexual, cuidarse de la influencia de amigos consumidores y protección de los(as) niños(as) más pequeños(as) frente al consumo, sin embargo, por el hecho de autocuidarse no se eliminan los factores de riesgo del entorno (violencia, riesgos laborales) que son prioritariamente consecuencias o que dependen de las condiciones sociales y económicas en las cuales se dan estos factores. Conclusiones: se hace necesario acoger los niños y niñas trabajadores en los ámbitos institucionales y dar respuesta...
Objective: Contribute to the discussion on risks and risk behaviors of a group of working children and teenagers in order to unveil their realities and experiences, new meanings and feelings that will strengthen their ability to care for themselves. Methodology: A qualitative research that illustrates the need to address from a comprehensively look and critical thinking, the conceptions of quality of life and risk behaviors of children and young workers. Results: Risky behavior is not only an exclusive condition of children and young workers, but it is related to their contexts and social stories. Their families have weak symbolic devices to support and provide security, affection and guidance to their children, resulting in a lack of care, which leads them to create other frames of reference and risk behaviors, such as drug use or activities that result in violent situations, theft and damage to private property. Some of them also construct meanings and significance from their daily lives and relationships with adults at home, school, work, which involve their own recognition or subjectivity in terms of self-care practices related to protection from sexual abuse, guard against peer pressure regarding drug use, and protecting younger children from consumption. However, self-care does not eliminate surrounding risk factors (violence, occupational hazards) or consequences that are primarily dependent on social and economic conditions that generate said factors. Conclusions: It is necessary to accommodate working children in institutional settings and respond to their demands, social and cultural rights, and overcome the stigma and blame mechanisms for working or being consumers of psychoactive substances. The need to strengthen the political and social capital of families and working children is observed, in order to enable them to take an active role regarding the defense and guarantee of their rights.