ABSTRACT
Objetivo: identificar a procedência e alguns parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos de pacientes que procuram centro especializado em fissura labiopalatina em Belo Horizonte e que residem no interior do estado de Minas Gerais. Casuística e Métodos: a amostra foi composta de 308 pacientes residentes no interior de Minas Gerais que chegaram para atendimento no referido centro sem tratamento cirúrgico prévio. As informações foram obtidas por meio de banco de dados secundário contendo o cadastro dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisadosde acordo com a mesorregião do estado de Minas Gerais, da cidade de origem dos pacientes (Campo das Vertentes, Central Mineira, Jequitinhonha, Noroeste de Minas, Norte de Minas, Oeste de Minas, Sul/Sudoeste de Minas, Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, Vale do Mucuri, Vale do Rio Doce e Zona da Mata). Analisaram-se as variáveis gênero, idade de busca do tratamento e tipo de fissura apresentada. Resultados: para nenhum dos gêneros houve predominância estatística. Em relação à idade em que buscaram tratamento, observou-se ocorrência estatisticamente significativa para ?até um ano? (69%). Quanto ao tipo defissura, a labiopalatina foi a mais frequente (36%) e entre os 308 pacientes das mesorregiões de Minas Gerais a maior parte se concentrava na região Central Mineira, enquanto o Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba compreendia o menor número desses pacientes. Conclusão: está na mesorregião Central Mineira a origem do maior número de pacientes que procuram centro especializado de atendimento de fissura labiopalatina de Belo Horizonte.
Objective: to identify the origin and some clinical, epidemiological parameters of patients seeking a cleft lip and palate specialized center in Belo Horizonte and who reside within the State of Minas Gerais. Material and methods: the sample was composed of 308 patients residing inMinas Gerais who arrived at the center without prior surgical treatment. The information was obtained from a secondary database containing the medical records of these patients. Data were analyzed according to the meso-region of the Minas Gerais State and the patients? city of origin (Campo das Vertentes, Central Mineira, Jequitinhonha, Noroeste de Minas, Norte de Minas, Oeste de Minas, Sul/Sudoeste de Minas, Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, Vale do Mucuri, Vale do Rio Doce, and Zona da Mata). The following variables were analyzed: gender, age at the time of treatment, and type of cleft. Results: no statistical predominance was observed in any gender. We observed a statistically significant occurrence for ?up to one year? (69%) in relation to the age when treatment was sought. Cleft lip was the most frequent type of cleft (36%). Among the 308 patients from meso-regions in Minas Gerais, the majority was concentrated in the Central region while the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region comprised the smallest number of patients. Conclusion: the origin of the largest number of patients seeking a cleft lip and palate specialized center care in Belo Horizonte is in the Central region of Minas Gerais.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. El Instituto de Genética Humana, de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, desarrolla un programa de vigilancia de malformaciones congénitas con metodologías modificadas del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de las principales malformaciones congénitas en el país.Materiales y métodos. Entre abril de 2001 y enero de 2008, se obtuvo información sobre los pacientes con malformaciones congénitas y se analizaron la edad materna, la edad de gestación, el sexo y el peso del neonato, y la malformación congénita. Se clasificaron los casos según una escala de pronóstico para evaluar el impacto de la intervención del equipo de salud en la evolución de estos pacientes.Resultados. De 52.744 nacimientos en tres ciudades, 3,12% presentó alguna malformación congénita. Las anomalías de la oreja fueron las más frecuentes. El pie equino varo, la polidactilia y el labio y paladar hendidos, afectaron más a los pacientes de sexo masculino. El peso y la edad de gestación fueron menores en el grupo de los casos que en el de los controles. La escala de pronóstico mostró un alto riesgo de mortalidad o discapacidad en 54% de los pacientes y reveló que la intervención del equipo de salud cambia el pronóstico en más de 80% de los casos. Conclusión. Las frecuencias encontradas son similares a las del resto del mundo. La intervención del equipo de salud debe influir en el pronóstico de estas patologías. Un manejo temprano, adecuado e interdisciplinario es vital para disminuir la discapacidad y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Introduction. The Instituto de Genética Humana of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana conducted an epidemiological surveillance of congenital malformations as defined by criteria provided by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Objective. The frequency of the main congenital malformations were tabulated for major urban centers in Colombia. Materials and methods. Information was gathered from 52,744 newborns between April 2001 and January 2008 in three cities of Colombia (Bogotá, Ubaté and Manizales). Data included the age of mother, gestational age, gender and weight of the newborn and the congenital malformation. Cases were classified according to a prognostic scale to assess the impact of health team interventions in the recovery process. Results. Congenital defects were noted in 3.1% of the newborns. The most frequent congenital defects were those of the ears. Clubfoot, polydactyly and cleft lip or palate were more common amongst males. The weight and gestational age were lower in the congenitally affected in comparison with the control group. The prognostic scale of congenital malformations indicated that most of these patients are at high risk of death or disability and that the intervention of the health team changed the patient´s prognosis in approximately 80% of the cases. Conclusion. Frequencies of congenital malformations in Colombia were similar to those reported in other countries. The interventions of the health team in treating patients with congenital malformations directly affected patient prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate interdisciplinary treatment were recommended by these data in order to reduce disability and improve the quality of life of these patients.