ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) in children.Methods:Clinical data of 71 pediatric patients diagnosed with congenital CAF at Department of Cardiology and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The median age was 2.2 years (0.1-14.0 years), and the median body weight was 18.3 kg (3.2-55.8 kg), including 37 males (52.1%) and 34 females (47.9%). They were divided into the transcatheter closure group (30 cases) and surgical repair group (41 cases). The therapeutic effect and follow-up data of the 2 groups were compared by the Fisher′ s exact test. Results:Among the 71 congenital CAF children, 70 had heart murmurs, 2 had chest tightness after activity, and 5 were prone to recurrent respiratory tract infection.Transcatheter closure and surgical repair were successfully performed in 22/30 (73.3%) and 41/41 (100.0%) cases with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.001). However, in the surgical repair group, 1 (2.4%) case died after operation and 2(4.9%) needed further transcatheter closure due to large residual shunt during the follow-up period.At the last follow-up, there were 2 cases with minimal or small residual shunt in both groups ( P=0.567). There were 2/71(2.8%) cases suffering from postoperative thrombosis. Conclusions:Cardiac murmur is the main sign of congenital CAF in children, and some of them may have frequent respiratory tract infection due to increased lung blood caused by a large amount of shunt.A few children have chest tightness and chest pain due to myocardial ischemia caused by coronary steal.Both percutaneous closure and surgical repair are safe and effective with few complications.
ABSTRACT
@#Congenital coronary artery anomalies include various congenital anatomic anomalies of coronary artery. Severe congenital coronary artery anomalies usually result in ventricular dysfunction, myocardium ischemia, and even sudden death. Hence, understanding the coronary artery anomalies is critically important for the related surgeons to make reasonable strategies. This consensus is based on current literature and opinions of Chinese experts. And we mainly discuss the anatomy, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of important congenital coronary artery anomalies in clinics including anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery, anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and coronary fistula.
ABSTRACT
We describe successful surgical treatment of a right coronary artery aneurysm associated with a fistula to the right atrium (RA). The patient was a 50-year-old man who complained of palpitations. ECG showed supraventricular extrasystole, and coronary CT revealed a remarkably dilated and undulating fistulous tract originating from the region corresponding to the orifice of the normal right coronary artery (RCA). The fistulous tract detoured to the posterior wall of the RA. An RCA of normal size originating from the midway of the fistulous tract was observed. The patient was operated on under cardio-pulmonary bypass. An aortocoronary bypass was performed, using a radial artery graft to section of the RCA that had a normal diameter. The RCA was subsequently ligated at the proximal side of the anastomosis. The orifice of the fistulous tract from the aorta was closed with a patch, and the entrance to the RA was also closed with mattress sutures. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and he was discharged on the 19th postoperative day. Currently, the patient has been doing well without any complaints at 2 years postoperatively.
ABSTRACT
La anatomía normal de las arterias coronarias incluye una serie de variantes respecto a su origen, distribución y recorrido, que hacen que no existan 2 pacientes con coronarias exactamente iguales. La arteria descendente anterior puede tener variantes anatómicas que no afectan el aporte normal de sangre al territorio miocárdico correspondiente. En nuestros 25 años de trabajo y más de 11,000 coronariografías realizadas, sólo habíamos encontrado un paciente con un doble sistema, tipo IV, de la arteria descendente anterior. En este artículo mostramos el caso de una paciente con la anomalía coronaria descrita que presentaba, además, una estenosis severa de la arteria circunfleja que fue tratada exitosamente por vía percutánea. También, se propone una actualización de la clasificación de Spindola-Franco, donde se mantienen los 4 tipos originales y se añaden 7 variantes anatómicas o subtipos.
The normal anatomy of coronary arteries includes a kind of variants with regard to its origin, distribution and route, which makes that 2 patients do not have coronary arteries exactly alike. Left anterior descending artery could have anatomical variations that do not affect the normal supply of blood to the corresponding myocardial territory. In our 25 years of experience, and more than 11,000 coronary angiographies, we have found only one patient with a type IV Classification; dual left anterior descending coronary artery. In this article we show the case of a patient with the described coronary anomaly, presenting a severe stenosis of the circumflex artery which was successfully treated percutaneously. Besides, a proposal for updating the classification of Spindola-Franco is made, where the 4 types previously described were kept invariable, and 7 anatomical variants or subtypes were added.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Angioplasty/methods , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/classification , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgeryABSTRACT
The finding of a left main coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital anomaly. The clinical course of patients with a congenital anomaly of the coronary artery may be compromised depending on its anatomic relationship with adjunctive structures. Some anomalous origins of the left main coronary arteries arising from right aortic sinus of Valsalva have been associated with angina pectoris and sudden death, especially if their pathways are between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. We report a rare case with a combined congenital anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery arising with the right coronary artery simultaneously from the right aortic sinus of Valsalva in a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus. The left main coronary artery was extremely long because its pathway went in front of the pulmonary artery. There was no evidence of artherosclerosis or dynamic stenosis on the angiogram.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angina Pectoris , Aorta , Arteries , Constriction, Pathologic , Coronary Vessels , Death, Sudden , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent , Pulmonary Artery , Sinus of ValsalvaABSTRACT
An isolated single coronary artery from the left aortic sinus is one of rare congenital coronary anomalies. This anomaly was detected during elective coronary angiogram in a 44 year-old male patient with atypical chest pain. Treadmill exercise test demonstrated 1 mm horizontal depression at stage IV and the test was terminated at the V stage due to chest pain. No myocardial ischemia was demonstrated on myocardial SPECT using 99mTc-tetrofosmin. Coronary angiogram revealed single coronary artery originating from left aortic sinus without any stenotic lesions.