ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We determined if the impact of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) co-administered with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) or estropipate differed on mammographic density (MMGD) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 53 healthy postmenopausal women without prior hormone therapy (HT) use were included. Smokers, habitual drinkers, women with a body mass index > or = 27 kg/m2, and women with a history of mammoplasty or breast cancer were excluded. HT using MPA (n = 26) consisted of the following two groups: CEE (n = 10) and estropipate (n = 16). Twenty-seven untreated women served as the control group. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed based on the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) by one radiologist who was blinded to treatment. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and MMGD among the three groups. After 1 year of HT, CEE (7/10 [70%]; P < 0.001) and estropipate (3/16 [18.8%]; P = 0.002) regimens significantly elevated the BI-RADS grade compared with controls (0%), and CEE induced a greater increase in MMGD than estropipate (P = 0.033). In addition, the proportion of dense areas assessed using the J-image program increased more with the CEE regimen (7.67%) than the estropipate regimen (1.48%), but there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Estropipate + MPA had a less stimulating effect on MMGD than CEE + MPA in Korean postmenopausal women. The change in MMGD induced with MPA might depend on the oral estrogen preparation. A further study on breast cancer risk based on combination HT is warranted.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Estrogens , Estrone , Information Systems , Mammaplasty , Mammary Glands, Human , Mammography , Medroxyprogesterone , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We determined if the impact of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) co-administered with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) or estropipate differed on mammographic density (MMGD) in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 53 healthy postmenopausal women without prior hormone therapy (HT) use were included. Smokers, habitual drinkers, women with a body mass index > or = 27 kg/m2, and women with a history of mammoplasty or breast cancer were excluded. HT using MPA (n = 26) consisted of the following two groups: CEE (n = 10) and estropipate (n = 16). Twenty-seven untreated women served as the control group. Mammography was obtained at baseline and 1 year later, and MMGD was assessed based on the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) by one radiologist who was blinded to treatment. In addition, the change in the proportion of the dense area after HT was assessed using the J-image program. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and MMGD among the three groups. After 1 year of HT, CEE (7/10 [70%]; P < 0.001) and estropipate (3/16 [18.8%]; P = 0.002) regimens significantly elevated the BI-RADS grade compared with controls (0%), and CEE induced a greater increase in MMGD than estropipate (P = 0.033). In addition, the proportion of dense areas assessed using the J-image program increased more with the CEE regimen (7.67%) than the estropipate regimen (1.48%), but there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Estropipate + MPA had a less stimulating effect on MMGD than CEE + MPA in Korean postmenopausal women. The change in MMGD induced with MPA might depend on the oral estrogen preparation. A further study on breast cancer risk based on combination HT is warranted.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Estrogens , Estrone , Information Systems , Mammaplasty , Mammary Glands, Human , Mammography , Medroxyprogesterone , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combined estrogen and fluocalcic therapy on the bone metabolism in the surgicalyl menopausal women with osteopenia. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial examined the effects of conjugated equine estrogen and fluocalcic in combination and separately, on BMD in 200 women with low bone mass. Treatment included 0.3 mg conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) (Group I), 0.625 mg CEE (Group II), 0.3 mg CEE plus fluocalcic (Group III), and 0.625 mg CEE plus fluocalcic (Group IV) for 12 months. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were also measured every six months. RESULTS: Urinary deoxypyridinoline in Group III and Group IV decreased signifiantly at 12 months of treatment (p<0.005). Serum osteocalcin and total alkaline phosphatase decreased slightly during the treatment in all groups but statistical significance was not foundsignificantly. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment with conjugated equine estrogen and fluocalcic is more effective in surgically menopausal women with osteopenia by decreasing bone biochemical marker.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Biomarkers , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Estrogens , Metabolism , Osteocalcin , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of tibolone on lipid metabolism in comparison to continuous conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women METHODS: In a randomized, group-comparative study, the effects on lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were studied between tibolone 2.5 mg/day (N=48) and continuous combined regimen (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg/day combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/day, CEE/MPA) (N=46) (CEE/MPA) for 12 month period.Satistical analysis were performed using Student's t-test for paired samples and independent groups. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in age, age of menopause and body mass index (BMI) of both group before treatment. While treatment with tibolone significantly lowered plasma concentration of triglycerides, there were no significant changes in serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. In the CEE/MPA group, there were no significant changes of all variables. CONCLUSION: While there a statistically significant decrease in triglyceride concentration in tibolone group. there were no statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in both tibolone and CEE/MPA group, during 12 months of treatment period.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol , Estrogens , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Lipid Metabolism , Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , Menopause , Plasma , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low dose estrogen replacement therapy on the lipid profile in the postmenopausal women. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial examined the effects of low dose conjugated equine estrogen on lipid profile in 140 postmenopausal women. Treatment included 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen (group I, n=75), or 0.31mg conjugated equine estrogen (group II, n=55) for 12 months. Lipid profile were performed at months 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: HDL cholesterol increased significantly during the treatment in Group I and Group II. LDL cholesterol decreased significantly during the treatment in Group I and Group II. Total cholesterol in Group I and Group II decreased during treatment, but not significantly. As triglyceride increased slightly during the treatment in Group I and Group II but not significantly. CONCLUSION: The low dose conjugated equine estrogen is also positive changes on lipid profile.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Estrogens , Prospective Studies , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low dose estrogen replacement therapy on the lipid profile in the postmenopausal women. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial examined the effects of low dose conjugated equine estrogen on lipid profile in 140 postmenopausal women. Treatment included 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen (group I, n=75), or 0.31mg conjugated equine estrogen (group II, n=55) for 12 months. Lipid profile were performed at months 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: HDL cholesterol increased significantly during the treatment in Group I and Group II. LDL cholesterol decreased significantly during the treatment in Group I and Group II. Total cholesterol in Group I and Group II decreased during treatment, but not significantly. As triglyceride increased slightly during the treatment in Group I and Group II but not significantly. CONCLUSION: The low dose conjugated equine estrogen is also positive changes on lipid profile.