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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% hypochlorous acid as a conjunctival sac disinfectant before cataract phacoemulsification and its impact on the ocular surface.METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 285 patients who were scheduled for cataract phacoemulsification surgery were randomly divided into the hypochlorous acid group and the povidone iodine group. Before and after disinfection, conjunctival sac swabs were taken, and bacterial culture and colony-forming units(CFUs)testing were performed using blood agar and chocolate agar media, respectively. All patients were evaluated for ocular symptom scores and pain severity scores 2 h, 1 d, and 1 wk after disinfection, and underwent corneal fluorescein staining, eye redness index, tear meniscus height, and noninvasive breakup time(NIBUT)examination. The incidence of endophthalmitis after surgery was recorded.RESULTS: Conjunctival sac disinfection with 0.01% hypochlorous acid significantly reduced the rate of positive bacterial cultures and colony-forming ability of the conjunctival sac, with statistically significant differences compared with the pre-disinfection period(both P<0.01), and the disinfecting ability of hypochlorous acid was comparable to that of povidone-iodine(χ2=0.811, P=0.368). The scores of ocular symptoms and pain severity in the hypochlorous acid group were significantly lower than those in the povidone-iodine group(both P<0.01). The corneal fluorescein staining and eye redness index in the hypochlorous acid group were significantly lower than those in the povidone-iodine group(all P<0.01). No endophthalmitis occurred in either group of patients. CONCLUSION: As a conjunctival sac disinfectant, 0.01% hypochlorous acid is safe and effective, with minimal discomfort and damage to the ocular surface in patients.
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AIM: To investigate the bacterial flora and antibiotic susceptibility testing of conjunctival sac in adolescents after wearing orthokeratology(OK)lens.METHODS:A total of 101 adolescents aged 8 to 14 who admitted to outpatient department of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022 were recruited in this cross-sectional observational study. There were 51 cases wearing OK Lens(wearing group)and 50 patients not wearing contact lens(non-lens group), the right eye of all patients was selected into the group. The culture of bacterial flora in conjunctival sac between the two groups were compared, the species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out for the positive strains cultured in the wearing group.RESULTS:The positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial cultured in the wearing group and the non-lens group was 68.6%(35/51)and 60.0%(30/50), respectively(P>0.05). In both groups, the bacteria with the highest detection rate were staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity rates of the strains detected in the wearing group to drugs are as follows: Levofloxacin(98%), Moxifloxacin(98%), Gatifloxacin(98%), Cefuroxime(98%), Cefathiamidine(98%), Rifampicin(98%), Chloramphenicol(96%), Cefoxitin(95%), Clindamycin(80%), Gentamicin(74%), Fusidic acid(72%), Tobramycin(64%), Compound sulfamethoxazole(26%), Mezlocillin(10%), Azithromycin(6%), of which the sensitivity rate of Gram-positive cocci was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive cocci are the main bacteria isolated from conjunctival sac of adolescents after wearing OK Lens. Wearing OK Lens will not significantly increase the positive rate of conjunctival sac bacterial flora. Results of antibiotic susceptibility testing may provide guidance for empirical medication in patients wearing OK lens after eye infection.
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@#AIM:To investigate the age-related cataract patients' eyelid margin and conjunctival sac bacterial distribution and eliminating effects of different antibiotic eye drops and conjunctival sac washing fluid. <p>METHODS: A total of 216 age-related cataract patients(216 eyes)who were hospitalized for operation in our hospital were enrolled from January 2015 to November 2015, and randomly divided into three groups(72 eyes respectively): Patients in group A were treated with 3g/L tobramycin eye drop; group B were treated with 5g/L levofloxacin eye drop and group C were treated with both two eye drops before surgery. And then each group was randomly divided into two groups: moxifloxacin group(110 eyes)and povidone iodine group(106 eyes). After the routine disinfection and before the formal start of the operation, the conjunctival sac was irrigated with 1.6g/L moxifloxacin or 5g/L povidone iodine respectively. The conjunctival sac and lid margin specimen were collected before admission without any treatment, before and after conjunctival sac irrigation for germicultures and drug susceptibility tests, at the end of operation, conjunctival sac specimen and aqueous humor were collected for germicultures and drug susceptibility tests.<p>RESULTS:The germiculture positive rate of eyelid margin was 86.6% and the bacterial culture positive rate of conjunctival sac was 25.0% before operation. In groups A, B and C before and after topical antibiotics application, the germiculture positive rate of eyelid margin was 86.1% and 36.1%, 84.7% and 31.9%, 88.9% and 30.6% respectively; the germiculture positive rate of conjunctival sac was 25.0% and 11.1%,26.4% and 11.1%,23.6% and 8.3% respectively. In moxifloxacin group and povidone iodine group before and after conjunctival sac irrigation, the germiculture positive rate of eyelid margin was 33.6% and 10.9%, 32.1% and 10.4% respectively; the germiculture positive rate of conjunctival sac was 10.0% and 0, 10.4% and 0 respectively.<p>CONCLUSION: Both 5g/L levofloxacin eye drop and 3g/L tobramycin eye drop are effective in diminishing conjunctival sac or eyelid margin bacterium before cataract sugery, the combined effect is better. Both 5g/L PVP-I and 1.6g/L moxifloxacin can be used to irrigate conjunctival sac before cataract surgery.
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Objective To investigate the possible pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) corneal ulcer by analyzing the differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) of S. aureus isolated from the patients with corneal ulcer and healthy conjunctival sac. Methods Ten strains of S. aureus isolates were obtained from January to August 2018 in the clinical laboratory of Qingdao Eye Hospital. Five strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with corneal ulcer and five strains of S. aureus isolated from healthy conjunctival sac were included. The gene expression profiles of 10 strains of S. aureus were sequenced by Illumina high-throughput RNA-sequencing ( RNA-Seq) . P≤0. 05 and fold change≥2 were used as the threshold to determine the statistically DEGs. Gene Ontology ( GO ) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to determine the biological functions of DEGs. Results The genome-wide transcriptional analysis demonstrated that 270 genes were differentially expressed with 138 upregulated genes and 132 downregulated genes in the strains from corneal ulcer. Function analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding alpha hemolysin,delta hemolysin,virulence factor EsxA and LysR family transcriptional regulators were significantly upregulated in strains isolated from cornea ulcer. GO enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs was involved in the metabolic process with the biosynthesis, the most significantly related process was the metabolism of inosine monophosphate. The KEGG pathways suggested that a number of metabolic pathways had significant changes,such as S. aureus infection,two-component system and pyruvate metabolism,purine metabolism, which were critical to the pathogenesis of S. aureus corneal ulcer. Conclusions Identification of the DEGs between corneal ulcer isolates and healthy conjunctival isolates of S. aureus is helpful for further investigations on genes or pathways associated with the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of S. aureus corneal ulcer.
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@#AIM: To analyze and evaluate the disinfection effects of secondary irrigation with different concentrations of povidone-iodine on conjunctival sac in cataract surgery.<p>METHODS: A total of 600 cataract patients(600 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in Ophthalmology Department of the hospital during the period from August 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in the study. Their conjunctival sacs were disinfected for twice with povidone-iodine irrigation before surgery and after opening eyelid. According to different concentrations of povidone-iodine applied in secondary irrigation, the patients were divided into group Ⅰ(320 cases)and group Ⅱ(280 cases), with concentrations of 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively. The conjunctival sac swab specimens were obtained from the two groups after the first and second irrigation to conduct bacterial identification. The subjective comfort and conditions of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage were assessed during second irrigation. The occurrence of endophthalmitis after surgery was statistically analyzed. <p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference in positive rate of bacterial culture between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ after the first and second irrigation with povidone-iodine(<i>P</i>>0.05). The incidence rates of subjective feelings such as foreign body sensation, itching sense, photophobia and red eye in group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅱ when second irrigation for conjunctival sac(<i>P</i><0.05). After second irrigation for conjunctival sac, degree of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ(<i>P</i><0.05). There were 2 eyes(0.6%)and 1 eye(0.4%)with endophthalmitisin in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, respectively(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: There is high-efficiency disinfection effect of 0.025% povidone-iodine. Compared with 0.05% povidone-iodine, there are more advantages in improving subjective comfort, reducing conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage, which is more suitable for patients undergoing cataract surgery.
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Objective@#To investigate the possible pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) corneal ulcer by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of S.aureus isolated from the patients with corneal ulcer and healthy conjunctival sac.@*Methods@#Ten strains of S.aureus isolates were obtained from January to August 2018 in the clinical laboratory of Qingdao Eye Hospital.Five strains of S.aureus isolated from patients with corneal ulcer and five strains of S.aureus isolated from healthy conjunctival sac were included.The gene expression profiles of 10 strains of S.aureus were sequenced by Illumina high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). P≤0.05 and fold change≥2 were used as the threshold to determine the statistically DEGs.Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to determine the biological functions of DEGs.@*Results@#The genome-wide transcriptional analysis demonstrated that 270 genes were differentially expressed with 138 upregulated genes and 132 downregulated genes in the strains from corneal ulcer.Function analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding alpha hemolysin, delta hemolysin, virulence factor EsxA and LysR family transcriptional regulators were significantly upregulated in strains isolated from cornea ulcer.GO enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs was involved in the metabolic process with the biosynthesis, the most significantly related process was the metabolism of inosine monophosphate.The KEGG pathways suggested that a number of metabolic pathways had significant changes, such as S.aureus infection, two-component system and pyruvate metabolism, purine metabolism, which were critical to the pathogenesis of S.aureus corneal ulcer.@*Conclusions@#Identification of the DEGs between corneal ulcer isolates and healthy conjunctival isolates of S.aureus is helpful for further investigations on genes or pathways associated with the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of S.aureus corneal ulcer.
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·AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetic differences of the 2% diacerein eye drops between conjunctival sac multiple administration and single administration in the cornea, and to provide the experimental basis for clinicians to use the conjunctival sac multiple administration. · METHODS: Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the multiple administration group and the single administration group. The multiple administration group were given diacerein eye drop every 2min(3 times in total). The concentrations of the metabolites of diacerein in the cornea were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after given eye drop 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180min. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by pharmacokinetic software (DAS2.1.1). ·RESULTS: The metabolites of diacerein, rhein, was detected in the cornea at each time point. The concentration of the metabolite of diacerein in the cornea was 318.678±40.88,210.02±25.66,188.83±31.74,112.24± 11.70,90.28±22.01 and 57.67±13.71μ g/g after given eye drop 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180min in the multiple administration group. The concentration in the single administration group was 145.17 ± 19.29, 97.95 ± 10.49, 71.18±18.70,39.11±2.44,18.10±2.34 and 9.08±2.04μ g/g respectively. The concentration of rhein in the cornea was the highest at 5min after the administration in the two groups. The concentration of the multiple administration group was higher than that in the single administration group at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180min (P<0.01). The half-life of the drug was 0.89 ± 0.31h in the single administration group. · CONCLUSION: Compared with the single administration, the conjunctival sac multiple administration has the advantages of high drug concentration and long duration. Therefor the conjunctival sac multiple administration is a more effective method to treat acute infectious corneal diseases.
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@#AIM: To analyzed the species of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in the conjunctival sac of non- diabetic patients and diabetic patients, to decrease the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis through the proper use of antibiotic drop and preoperative disinfection. <p>METHODS: Totally 124 patients(124 eyes)underwent cataract operation in Yangsi Hospital during November 2013 to January 2017 were divided into two groups: diabetic group(37 patients 37 eyes)and control group(87 patients 87 eyes). Bacterial culture in the conjunctival sac and antibiotic susceptibility test was operated in three time-points: before preoperative disinfection(T0), after preoperative disinfection(T1)and after operation(T2). <p>RESULTS: The bacterial culture rate in the conjunctival sac of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic patients. Most of strains of bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, levofloxacin and tobramycin. For penicillin, azithromycin and tetracycline, the rate of antibiotic resistance was much higher than other antibiotic. <p>CONCLUSION: Due to the change of the microenvironment of ocular surface, the bacterial culture rate of the conjunctival sac was significantly increased in diabetic patients. The main cultured bacteria in conjunctival sac were staphylococcus epidermidis and acnes propionate. Most of cultured bacteria in conjunctival sac were sensitive to levofloxacin and tobramycin. Levofloxacin and tobramycin can be used as preoperative antibiotic eye drop.
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Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of povidone iodine diluent conjunctival sac combined with levofloxacin eye drops on cataract surgery to provide a basis for clinical treatment. Methods 400 patients with cataract surgery were enrolled in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2017. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table (n=200, 312 eyes) and the combined treatment group (n= 200, 325 eyes). In the conventional treatment group, levofloxacin was used to prevent postoperative infection. The combined treatment group was treated with povidone iodine dilution on the basis of conventional treatment group to prevent postoperative infection , Compared with the two groups of patients before surgery, postoperative, 2d postoperative bacterial culture and adverse reactions occurred. Results The positive rate of bacterial culture was 0.62％ on the 2nd day in the combined treatment group and 5.77％ in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reaction was 0.92％ in the combined treatment group and the conventional treatment group The incidence of reaction was 2.88％ (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of povidone iodine diluent conjunctival sac rinse combined with levofloxacin eye drops on the prevention of cataract surgery is very good, which can greatly reduce the positive rate of bacterial culture and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients.
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Objective To observe the distribution of aerobic bacteria in conjunctival sac of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the sensitive antimicrobial agents in order to master the distribution of bacteria in the conjunctival sac and select sensitive antibiotics to decrease the infection rate and improve the therapeutic effect. Methods From March 2013 to August 2016, 248 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were treated with aerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test. The distribution characteristics of aerobic bacteria in conjunctival sac and the sensitivity of antibiotics were observed. Results There were 112 strains in this study, the positive rate was 45.16% (including 8 cases of mixed infection), including 104 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 92.86% of gram-negative bacteria and 7.14% of gram-negative bacteria, the difference was statistically significant differences (P65 years of age were higher than ≤ 65 years old 30.67%,12.27%, male 51.61%,23.12% than female 25.81%,6.45%, there are basic diseases 69.15%,31.91% were higher than those without underlying diseases30.54%,11.04%, (P<0.05). Staphylococcus number composition ratio, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion To strengthen the observation of aerobic bacteria and the sensitivity of commonly used antimicrobial agents in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, especially the high risk population, it is helpful to master the distribution characteristics of bacterial conjunctival sac and sensitive antimicrobial agents, so as to achieve the preoperative conjunctival sac Bacteria and reduce the rate of infection and other purposes.
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PURPOSE: This study is executed to identify and report the treatment effects of oral mucosa grafting of prosthetic eye patients who have shallow conjunctival socket caused by socket contraction. METHODS: Conjunctival sac reconstruction was performed by using the lower lip mucosa to 11 eyes of 11 patients diagnosed with contracted conjunctival sac at the ophthalmic clinic from August 2009 to May 2015, and a retrospective analysis was performed with medical record data from the patients who were followed-up after surgery. RESULTS: Within the follow-up period, prosthetic eye insertion was possible for all 11 eyes of the 11 patients. All of them were satisfied in an aesthetic aspect, and were able to maintain deep conjunctival sac without receving findings of graft absorption, or re-contracted or shallow conjunctival sac during the follow-up period. On the donor region, normal epithelialization occurred. Concerning the donor region for the first week after surgery, the mean score of the patients' pain was 3.18 +/- 0.94 points measured by a numerical rating scale, and no infection, bleeding, contraction, or cicatrix was revealed during the follow-up period. There were hypoesthesia, pararthria, and paresthesia (tingling sense) for post-complications from the donor region, and four patients out of the 11 patients complained of discomfort resulting from post-complications; whereas the remaining seven patients did not complain of discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Oral mucosa can be considered as a good graft for contracted conjunctival sac reconstruction for patients who cannot wear a prosthetic eye.
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Humans , Absorption , Cicatrix , Follow-Up Studies , Hemorrhage , Hypesthesia , Lip , Medical Records , Mouth Mucosa , Mucous Membrane , Paresthesia , Retrospective Studies , Tissue Donors , TransplantsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical results of patients who have undergone simultaneous dermo-fat graft and insertion of orbital implants in patients who are unable to put on an ocular prosthesis due to severe conjunctival sac contracture or large orbital implant exposure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent dermo-fat graft simultaneously with orbital implant insertion for replacement of the conjunctival sac from 2007 to 2012. Eight eyes were enrolled in this study and all patients were followed up for phthisis bulbi or implant exposure. RESULTS: Among the eight eyes, five eyes (62.5%) that were diagnosed with orbital implant exposure underwent orbital implant exchange and dermo-fat graft, and two eyes (25%) were anophthalmic enophthalmic patients and underwent secondary orbital implant insertion and dermo-fat graft. One patient (12.5%) underwent orbital implant insertion and dermo-fat graft simultaneously during the evisceration operation. We followed the progress for 46.3 months. For seven out of eight eyes, the results of the wound healing process were successful. One patient underwent removal and reinsertion of the orbital implant with dermo-fat graft, and the wound in this case healed well. However, after five months, dermo-fat re-graft was performed for orbital implant re-exposure and it was not exposed thereafter. Overall cosmetic appearance was satisfactory in each patient, and all patients were able to comfortably retain a prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: We found that undergoing dermo-fat graft simultaneously when performing orbital implant insertion is effective for replacement of the conjunctival sac and orbital volume.
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Humans , Anophthalmos , Contracture , Eye, Artificial , Orbit , Orbital Implants , Prostheses and Implants , Retrospective Studies , Transplants , Wound Healing , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Objective To determine the efficiency of microwave heating of the conjunctival sac flushing liquid combined with disposible blood transfusion device to prepare for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods A total of 150 healthy myopia patients undergoing LASIK in Myopia Treatment Center of our hospital from February to August 2013 were divided into two groups randomly according to operation date,75 patients in each group.The observation group used a microwave oven to heat the flushing liquid connected with a disposable blood transfusion device.The control group used a hot water bath to heat the flushing liquid,which was then connected to a disposable infusion device.The heated liquid by both methods was applied to conjunctival sac flushing before LASIK.The time required for liquid heating was recorded and the outcome of the conjunctival sac flushing was compared between the two groups.Results The time required by the observation group and the control group of heating flushing fluid from 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 ℃ to (36.0±1.0) ℃ was 124,104,84,64,44,24 s and 372,312,252,192,132,72 s,respectively.The conjunctival sac flushing effect comparison between the observation group and the control group was as follows:in four indicators such as the operation cooperation,conjunctiva congestion,spasm of eyelid,eye pain,there was no significant difference between two groups; for tear fat deposition,there was significant difference between two groups (4 cases vs.15 cases,x2=7.292,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Microwave heating of the conjunctival sac flushing liquid connected with a disposable blood transfusion device is efficient,safe and easy to operate.Therefore,it gains approvement and high opinion of medical workers and is worth being popularized in clinic.
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· ATM:To analyze bacterial spectrum and drug sensitivity in conjunctival sac of cataract patients of Kazak. · METHODS:A total of 538 cases of conjunctival sac secretion in cataract patients of Kazak were collected.The samples were cultured and their sensibilities to antibiotics were tested. · RESULTS: The bacterial culture was positive in 214 cases.The positive rate was 39.8%. The variety of pathogenic bacteria were mainly made up of gram positive cocci ( 88.3%), and most of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 66.4%), followed by Micrococcus(9.8%).Sex had no effect on conjunctival bacteria rate in the cataract patients of Kazak, while age, place of residence had an effect on camier rate. The camier rate of conjunctival bacteria was significantly higher in people over 60 years old than that in people with age between 40 to 59 years old.And the people from city had a significant lower bacteria positive rate than those from countryside and pastoral. Most of grams were sensitive to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Rifampicin, Duly cloth mildew mutual and Amikacin, the tolerance was less than 20%, and they usually had higher tolerance to Penicillin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol (>70%) . ·CONCLUSlON:Gram positivecocci is the most common bacteria in conjunctival sac in cataract patients of Kazak. Staphylococcus epidermidis was most common, followed by Micrococcus.The germ-carrying rate of conjunctival SAC in Kazakh population is associated with the patient’s age and area of residence.The clinical use of antibacterial drugs should be strictly grasp the indications, to reduce the incidence of bacterial resistance.
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AlM: To observe the clinic effect of oral mucosa transplantation in the treatment of severe contracted conjunctival sac after ocular prosthesis implantation . METHODS: Thirty-three cases ( 33 eyes ) with globe disorders and severe contracted conjunctval sac were operated ocular prosthesis implantation firstly, and conjunctival sac plasty using oral mucosa after 6mo. RESULTS: Thirty - one cases were successful, no complications appeared. One case had primary ptosis and 1 case had recurrent conjunctival sac contracture. CONCLUSlON:lt is recognised that the methods of oral mucosa transplantation in severe contracted conjunctival sac after ocular prosthesis implantation are effective on those cases.
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Objective To observe the clinical effect oflamellar keratectomy+conjunctival flap+implanted artificial eyein stimulating the orbital and conjunctival sac growth. Methods A retrospective case study: 12 cases (12 eyes) with congenital microphthalmos in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in 2009-2013 were selected. In these cases, there were 11 cases of microphthalmos, and 1 patient due to congenital absence of the eye without surgery, were given direct implant of the artificial eye;7 patients without significant stenosis in conjunctival sac,received thelamellar keratectomy+conjunctival Flap+implantation of artificial eye, 4 patients with conjunctival sac stenosis recieved thelamellar keratectomy+conjunctival flap+implanted artificial eye+eyelid suture. Results For stunted children who couldn't wear a prosthetic eye, after treated withlamellar keratectomy + conjunctival flap + artificial eye implantation, the conjunctival sac developed well, cornea was covered with conjunctiva well and no exposure,the appearance and volume of orbit was also improved. ConclusionLamellar keratectomy+conjunctival flap+artificial eye implantsurgery is an effective way to promote orbital and conjunctival sac development of the children with congenital microphthalmos.
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Background Epidemiological surveys showed that the types of bacteria are different in the conjunvical sac from different nationalities,which possibly is associated with living environment.To characterize the types of conjunctival bacteria involved is important for the prevention and treatment of infectious eye diseases.Objective The present survey was to obtain data about bacterial species in the conjunctival sac in the Tibetan minority population aged over 40 years old and compared with the matched Han nationality population.Methods The standardized training and protocol were performed before this survey.A total of 290 eyes of 145 individuals from the Tibetan minority and 346 eyes of 173 subjects from the Han nationality were enrolled in this study in Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture,who had received questionnaire surveys and ophthalmological examinations.The secretion of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac was embrocated and inoculated and grown on blood plates for 48-72 hours.The bacteria were isolated and identified.This study was approved by the Medical Ethic Committee of the Sichuan People Hospital.Oral informed consent was obtained from the subjects.Results No significant differences were seen in the constituent ratio of the gender as well as the age between the Tibetan minority and Han nationality in this study (x2 =0.987,P=0.3202;t=1.142,P=0.254).There was a significant difference in the proportions of farmers and herdsmen between the two groups(x2 =8.557,P =0.000).The positive rate of bacterial cultivation in Tibetan individuals was 50.74％,showing a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the Han people(60.4％)(x2=6.042,P=0.014).There was no statistical difference in the multiple bacterial species between the two groups (11.0％ in Tibetan,11.6％ in Han people)(x2 =0.0271,P =0.869).The rate of staphylococcus epidemics was 26.6％ in the Tibetan minority and that of Han population was 33.2％,without a significant difference between them (x2 =3.350,P=0.060).No significant difference was seen in the ratio of corynbacterium infection between the two population(15.9％ vs.17.3％)(x2 =0.248,P =0.618).Conclusions The ratio of bacterial cultivation in Tibetans is statistically lower than that of the Han people.The types and distribution of bacteria are similar in the Tibetan and Han nationality.
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Background Qiang minority is minority groups of China with the special habits and customs and living condition. So whether the spectrum of disease and bacteria spectrum in conjunctiva are similar with Han nationality is worth paying attention. Objective Present survey was to obtain the data about bacterial species in conjunctival sac in Qiang minority population with the age 40 years old and more and the compare with matched Han nationality population. Methods This survey study was performed as the standardized training and protocol. A total of 212 eyes of 106 individuals from Qiang minority in Beichuan county and 640 eyes of 320 subjects from Han nationality in Mianyang city received questionnaire survey and ophthalmological examination. The secretion of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac was embrocated and inoculated on blood plate for 48-72 hours. The bacteria was separated and identified. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provicial People' s Hospital. Orally informed consent was obtained before the medical procedure. Results All the examinee finished the survey and examination with a good compliance. No significant difference was found in the demography between these two groups of population. The multiple bacterial positive rate in conjunctival sac was 59. 4% in Qiang minority and that of Han people was 66. 3% with a considerably difference between them (χ2 = 2. 27,P = 0. 13). The multiple bacterial species were simultaneously detected in 26.2% in Qiang minority population and 11.88% Han people, showing evidently difference (χ2 = 106. 40, P = 0. 00 ) . The positive rate of corynbaccterium in conjunctival sac of Qiang minority was statistically lower than that of Han people (20. 7% versus 45. 0% ,χ2 =31. 75 ,P = 0. 00) ,but there was no statistical difference in the positive rate of staphylococcus epidemics between two groups (χ2 = 1. 89 ,P = 0. 17). Conclusion The bacteria positive rate in conjunctiva sac is resemble in the population over 40 years in both the Qiang minority and Han nationality. The simple bacterial species is found in majority people in two groups of subjects. The positive rate of multiple bacterial strains coexistence is more in the Qiang minority. The bacterial strains is different between Qiang minority and Han nationality.
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PURPOSE: To report a relapsed case of an intra-conjunctival Thelazia callipaeda infestation within one month. CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old female patient presented with symptoms of itching and a sense of foreign substance in her left eye, which she had been experiencing for several days. Conjunctival hyperemia and follicle multiplication along with ten actively moving worms were identified and were extracted with forceps. The symptoms disappeared until 25 days later, when they recurred and five additional worms were extracted. All of the extracted worms were confirmed to be Thelazia Callipaeda and the patient's symptoms disappeared after the final extraction. CONCLUSIONS: More than one month of follow-up observation is required for human infection by Thelazia Callipaeda due to the post-extraction growth of the larva.
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Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Eye , Hyperemia , Larva , Pruritus , Surgical Instruments , ThelazioideaABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate clinical application of irrigating solution of conjunctival sac be-fore intraocular surgery,which can clean the conjunctival sac with low irritability and low environmental pollution. Methods Patients (210 cases) without systemic inflammatory response and with expected in-traocular surgery were divided into three groups randomly (70 cases in each group). Group A used normal saline(200 ml). Group B used the mixed solution of 0.02% mercury bichloride(100 ml) and normal saline(100 ml). Group C used the mixed solution of 0.4% gentamicin (100 ml) and normal saline (100 ml).The specimens of conjunctival sac were collected and sent to check before and after irrigating.In 15 and 30 min-utes after irrigating,the conjunctival congestions of three groups were compared. Results There was no statistical difference in bacterial positive rate among three groups before and after irrigating:, bacterial posi-tive rate was 62.86% in group A, 54.29% in group B, 50.00% in group C before irrigating; 31.43% in group A, 27.14% in group B, 20.00% in group C after irrigating. There were statistical difference in bacterial cul-ture of conjunctival sac among three groups before and after irrigating (P< 0.05). The comparison of con- junctival congestion: group B had the most serious irritation, group C was median, group A had lightest irri-tation. Conclusions Normal saline as irrigating solution of conjunctival sac for intmecular surgery can reduce chemical irritation and toxicity by reducing use of antibiotics. It can supply clear visual operativefield for doctors so it can substitute traditional irrigating solution of conjunctival sac.